Gary Kellgren - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Gary Kellgren was an American

United States

The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

audio engineer and co-founder of The Record Plant recording studios, along with businessman Chris Stone

Chris Stone (entrepreneur)

Chris Stone is an American music industry businessman and writer, the co-founder with Gary Kellgren of the Record Plant recording studios. Stone founded Filmsonix in 1987, sold the Record Plant in 1989, and is the founder and CEO of World Studio Group...

Engineering

Kellgren was a successful and well respected audio engineer

Audio engineering

An audio engineer, also called audio technician, audio technologist or sound technician, is a specialist in a skilled trade that deals with the use of machinery and equipment for the recording, mixing and reproduction of sounds. The field draws on many artistic and vocational areas, including...

(and occasional record producer

Record producer

A record producer is an individual working within the music industry, whose job is to oversee and manage the recording of an artist's music...

) during the 1960s and 1970s. He began working at Apostolic Studios, Scepter Studios, and Mayfair Studios with the likes of Jimi Hendrix

Jimi Hendrix

James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter...

, Frank Zappa

Frank Zappa

Frank Vincent Zappa was an American composer, singer-songwriter, electric guitarist, record producer and film director. In a career spanning more than 30 years, Zappa wrote rock, jazz, orchestral and musique concrète works. He also directed feature-length films and music videos, and designed...

, and Wes Farrell

Wes Farrell

Wes Farrell was an American musician, songwriter and record producer, who was most active in the 1960s and 1970s...

. "Mayfair Studios were the best in New York, and Kellgren was the king of the advanced eight-track board."

Kellgren introduced "phasing

Phasing

In the compositional technique phasing, the same part is played on two musical instruments, in steady but not identical tempo...

," a studio technique which simulates the sound of a jet engine. "He is also credited with pioneering the "flanger", the U.S. version of The Beatles

The Beatles

The Beatles were an English rock band, active throughout the 1960s and one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed acts in the history of popular music. Formed in Liverpool, by 1962 the group consisted of John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison and Ringo Starr...

' ATD (automatic tape doubling) [better known as ADT (automatic double tracking

Automatic double tracking

Automatic double-tracking or artificial double-tracking was an analogue recording technique designed to enhance the sound of voices or instruments during the recording process. It used tape delay to create a delayed copy of an audio signal which was then combined with the original...

)] for that memorable psychedelic sound.

He has worked with musicians such as John Lennon

John Lennon

John Winston Lennon, MBE was an English musician and singer-songwriter who rose to worldwide fame as one of the founding members of The Beatles, one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed acts in the history of popular music...

, Ringo Starr

Ringo Starr

Richard Starkey, MBE better known by his stage name Ringo Starr, is an English musician and actor who gained worldwide fame as the drummer for The Beatles. When the band formed in 1960, Starr was a member of another Liverpool band, Rory Storm and the Hurricanes. He became The Beatles' drummer in...

, George Harrison

George Harrison

George Harrison, MBE was an English musician, guitarist, singer-songwriter, actor and film producer who achieved international fame as lead guitarist of The Beatles. Often referred to as "the quiet Beatle", Harrison became over time an admirer of Indian mysticism, and introduced it to the other...

, Mick Jagger

Mick Jagger

Sir Michael Philip "Mick" Jagger is an English musician, singer and songwriter, best known as the lead vocalist and a founding member of The Rolling Stones....

, Ron Wood

Ron Wood

Ronald David "Ronnie" Wood is an English rock guitarist and bassist best known as a former member of The Jeff Beck Group, Faces, and current member of The Rolling Stones. He also plays lap and pedal steel guitar....

, Bill Wyman

Bill Wyman

Bill Wyman is an English musician best known as the bass guitarist for the English rock and roll band the Rolling Stones from 1962 until 1992. Since 1997, he has recorded and toured with his own band, Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings...

, Jimi Hendrix

Jimi Hendrix

James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter...

, B.B. King, Bobby Goldsboro

Bobby Goldsboro

Bobby Goldsboro is an American country and pop singer-songwriter. He had a string of Pop and Country hits during the 1960s and 1970s, including his signature #1 classic "Honey," which sold well over one million copies in the United States.-Early life:Goldsboro was born in Marianna, Florida...

, The Animals

The Animals

The Animals were an English music group of the 1960s formed in Newcastle upon Tyne during the early part of the decade, and later relocated to London...

, Stevie Wonder

Stevie Wonder

Stevland Hardaway Morris , better known by his stage name Stevie Wonder, is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer and activist...

, Carole King

Carole King

Carole King is an American singer, songwriter, and pianist. King and her former husband Gerry Goffin wrote more than two dozen chart hits for numerous artists during the 1960s, many of which have become standards. As a singer, King had an album, Tapestry, top the U.S...

, Frank Zappa

Frank Zappa

, Sly and the Family Stone, Velvet Underground, CSNY, Rod Stewart

Rod Stewart

Roderick David "Rod" Stewart, CBE is a British singer-songwriter and musician, born and raised in North London, England and currently residing in Epping. He is of Scottish and English ancestry....

, Ravi Shankar

Ravi Shankar

Ravi Shankar , often referred to by the title Pandit, is an Indian musician and composer who plays the plucked string instrument sitar. He has been described as the best known contemporary Indian musician by Hans Neuhoff in Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart.Shankar was born in Varanasi and spent...

, Keith Moon

Keith Moon

Keith John Moon was an English musician, best known for being the drummer of the English rock group The Who. He gained acclaim for his exuberant and innovative drumming style, and notoriety for his eccentric and often self-destructive behaviour, earning him the nickname "Moon the Loon". Moon...

, Barbra Streisand

Barbra Streisand

Barbra Joan Streisand is an American singer, actress, film producer and director. She has won two Academy Awards, eight Grammy Awards, four Emmy Awards, a Special Tony Award, an American Film Institute award, a Peabody Award, and is one of the few entertainers who have won an Oscar, Emmy, Grammy,...

, and Neil Diamond

Neil Diamond

Neil Leslie Diamond is an American singer-songwriter with a career spanning over five decades from the 1960s until the present....

. He has also worked with producers such as Wes Farrell

Wes Farrell

Wes Farrell was an American musician, songwriter and record producer, who was most active in the 1960s and 1970s...

, Tom Wilson, Chas Chandler

Chas Chandler

Bryan James "Chas" Chandler was an English musician, record producer and manager of several successful music acts....

, Jack Douglas

Jack Douglas (record producer)

Jack Douglas is an American record producer. He was born in New York City. Starting out as folk musician and performer, he worked on Robert Kennedy's senatorial campaign as a song-writer. Douglas then moved to England and joined a succession of bands before returning to New York to attend the...

, Robert Margouleff

Robert Margouleff

Robert Margouleff is a Grammy Award winning American record producer, recording engineer, electronic music pioneer, audio expert, and film producer....

, Phil Spector

Phil Spector

Phillip Harvey "Phil" Spector is an American record producer and songwriter, later known for his conviction in the murder of actress Lana Clarkson....

, and Bill Szymczyk

Bill Szymczyk

Bill Szymczyk is an American music producer and technical engineer best known for working with rock and blues musicians, most notably the Eagles in the 1970s. He produced many top albums and singles of the 1970s, though he retired from the music business by 1990...

.

He conceived of, and was responsible for, all the "Live at the Record Plant" recording sessions as well as the Jim Keltner

Jim Keltner

James Lee "Jim" Keltner is an American drummer known primarily for his session work. He has contributed to the work of many well-known artists...

Fan Club Hour; was sought out by George Harrison

George Harrison

to record the Concert For Bangladesh which was recently ranked as being #9 of the 50 Greatest Moments at Madison Square Gardens; he also did the remote concert recording starring James Brown

James Brown

James Joseph Brown was an American singer, songwriter, musician, and recording artist. He is the originator of Funk and is recognized as a major figure in the 20th century popular music for both his vocals and dancing. He has been referred to as "The Godfather of Soul," "Mr...

for the Muhammad Ali

Muhammad Ali

Muhammad Ali is an American former professional boxer, philanthropist and social activist...

/George Forman fight, "Rumble in the Jungle", in Zaire

Zaire

The Republic of Zaire was the name of the present Democratic Republic of the Congo between 27 October 1971 and 17 May 1997. The name of Zaire derives from the , itself an adaptation of the Kongo word nzere or nzadi, or "the river that swallows all rivers".-Self-proclaimed Father of the Nation:In...

in 1974. Kellgren also contributed spoken word

Spoken word

Spoken word is a form of poetry that often uses alliterated prose or verse and occasionally uses metered verse to express social commentary. Traditionally it is in the first person, is from the poet’s point of view and is themed in current events....

dialog to The Mothers of Invention

The Mothers of Invention

The Mothers of Invention were an American band active from 1964 to 1969, and again from 1970 to 1975.They mainly performed works by, and were the original recording group of, US composer and guitarist Frank Zappa , although other members have had the occasional writing credit...

's 1968 album We're Only in It for the Money

We're Only in It for the Money

We're Only in It For the Money is the third studio album by The Mothers of Invention, released in March 1968. The album peaked at number thirty on the Billboard 200...

, which he engineered as well. "I was there when he recorded Barbra Streisand, Paul Anka

Paul Anka

Paul Albert Anka, is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and actor.Anka first became famous as a teen idol in the late 1950s and 1960s with hit songs like "Diana'", "Lonely Boy", and "Put Your Head on My Shoulder"...

," said his business partner, Chris Stone. "He recorded Anka for years. Everything he touched in the studio was a hit. Gary is remarkable in the studio. He really is... He has engineered and produced records for Ron Wood

Ron Wood

and Bill Wyman

Bill Wyman

. Even if he had done nothing else in his life, Kellgren would be famous among musicians for a jam he produced in March of 1975, a never-released song called "Too Many Cooks." Present for the session were John Lennon, Stevie Wonder, Billy Preston

Billy Preston

William Everett "Billy" Preston was a musician who gained notoriety and fame, first as a session musician for the likes of Sam Cooke, Ray Charles and The Beatles, and later finding fame as a solo artist with hits such as "Space Race", "Will It Go Round in Circles" and "Nothing from...

, Mick Jagger, Al Wilson

Al Wilson

Aldra Kauwa Wilson is a former American football linebacker of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Denver Broncos 31st overall in the 1999 NFL Draft. He played college football at Tennessee....

, Harry Nilsson

Harry Nilsson

Harry Edward Nilsson III was an American singer-songwriter who achieved the peak of his commercial success in the early 1970s. On all but his earliest recordings he is credited as Nilsson...

, Jim Keltner, Ringo Starr

Ringo Starr

, and Danny Kootch. The song was aptly titled."

Design

Kellgren began his recording career at the Dick Charles demo recording studios in 1964 in the legendary Brill Building in Manhattan

Manhattan

Manhattan is the oldest and the most densely populated of the five boroughs of New York City. Located primarily on the island of Manhattan at the mouth of the Hudson River, the boundaries of the borough are identical to those of New York County, an original county of the state of New York...

. Studios at that time had no décor to speak of. They "were sterile, utilitarian places. Engineers wore jackets and ties (or even lab coats!), and musicians performed under fluorescent lights and acoustical tile ceilings while seated on folding chairs. Amenities - if any - consisted of bad coffee and a few ashtrays. Record Plant broke that mold in a style that is now the stuff of legend." And when Kellgren and his partner Chris Stone opened the Record Plant, it was Kellgren's concept to bring color, artistic design, hotel-like comforts and services to the world of recording studios along with state-of-the-art technology and acoustical deisgn.

In an interview for The Mix Magazine

Mix (magazine)

Mix magazine is a periodical billing itself as "the world's leading magazine for the professional recording and sound production technology industry". The magazine is distributed in 94 countries....

, Stone stated:
"There are tales told by the campfire, where rock mythology is discussed, that say the atmosphere created in that first studio and the ones to follow was so close to a good home and a fine hotel that songs were written to immortalize that special state of mind... It is safe to surmise that no other 'facility' has ever lent so much of a creative edge to the works of art at hand."

Record Plant

In 1967, Kellgren and Stone built the first of the three Record Plant Recording Studios in Manhattan. Kellgren was the creative and recording side, Stone the business side, and their third parntner, Ancky Johnson, Revlon heiress, provided the financial backing. Kellgren had already been working with many of the top artists of the day, like Hendrix, so when he opened the Record Plant, they followed. Mitch Mitchell: "We went there [the Record Plant NY] because Gary Kellgren, who we'd worked with at Mayfair, had raised the money with a partner and managed to start the Record Plant." The NY Record Plant was booked solid for three months in advance at the time of the opening.

The very first album to come out of there was Electric Ladyland

Electric Ladyland

Electric Ladyland is the third and final album of new material by the Jimi Hendrix Experience, released in October 1968 on Reprise Records, catalogue 2RS 6307. It is the only Hendrix studio album professionally produced under his supervision. It topped the Billboard 200 album chart for two weeks in...

by Jimi Hendrix

Jimi Hendrix

James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter...

. Stone later said in an interview that "Gary, having worked all night, would very often be out cold on the couch, with Jimi still in the studio glaring through the haze at the speakers. They would sometimes go three and four days without stopping. Out of those sessions came 'Electric Ladyland', the Record Plant's first record. Other people have taken credit for the record, but about ninety percent of it was done in Studio A in New York with Gary and Jimi." One of the last to record there being John Lennon

John Lennon

, who left the studio to go home the night he was murdered.

Almost two years after the launch of the New York Studio, Kellgren and Stone opened up the Los Angeles Record Plant. One of the first albums recorded there was the Eagles' Hotel California

Hotel California

Hotel California is the fifth studio album released by the American rock band the Eagles, in late 1976. It is the first Eagles album without founding member Bernie Leadon and the first album with Joe Walsh. It is also the last album featuring original bass player and singer Randy Meisner...

. The first big mix session was for the Woodstock soundtrack. It was also where John Lennon

John Lennon

and Paul McCartney

Paul McCartney

Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE, Hon RAM, FRCM is an English musician, singer-songwriter and composer. Formerly of The Beatles and Wings , McCartney is listed in Guinness World Records as the "most successful musician and composer in popular music history", with 60 gold discs and sales of 100...

played together for the last time during an all night jam session in 1974.

Record Plant Sausalito opened in 1972, where Fleetwood Mac

Fleetwood Mac

Fleetwood Mac are a British–American rock band formed in 1967 in London.The only original member present in the band is its eponymous drummer, Mick Fleetwood...

's Rumours

Rumours

Rumours is the eleventh studio album by British-American rock band Fleetwood Mac. Largely recorded in California during 1976, it was produced by the band with Ken Caillat and Richard Dashut and was released on 4 February 1977 by Warner Bros. Records. The record peaked at the top of both the...

was recorded as was Bob Marley & the Wailers

Bob Marley & The Wailers

Bob Marley & The Wailers were a Jamaican reggae, ska and rocksteady band formed by Bob Marley, Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer in 1963. Additional members were Junior Braithwaite, Beverley Kelso, Cherry Smith and Aston and Carlton Barrett...

' Talkin' Blues

Talkin' Blues

Talkin' Blues is a live album by Bob Marley & The Wailers, released in 1991. It contains live studio recordings from 1973 and 1975 intercut with interview segments of Bob Marley. The majority of tracks are taken from the recordings Bob Marley & The Wailers did on October 31, 1973, at The Record...

which was done live in a closed session for an in-studio broadcast from San Francisco radio station KSAN.

Death

On July 20, 1977, Kellgren accidentally drowned in the swimming pool at his residence in Hollywood. He was survived by his wife Marta, their two children Devon and Mark, his sister Aleda, and his mother Crystal. Guitarist Ronnie Wood wrote that Kellgren died while trying to fix some underwater speakers in his pool, and that a girlfriend of his drowned trying to help him. The combination of Kellgren's death and that of his girlfriend/secretary Kristianne Gaines was initially called "a double accidental drowning" by the Los Angeles police. There has been a lot of speculation as to how they died, but no one was there when it happened.

Albums

1967: Chelsea Girl
Chelsea Girl (album)
Chelsea Girl is the debut solo album by Nico. It was released in October 1967 by Verve Records, also home to The Velvet Underground. The name of the album is a reference to Andy Warhol's 1966 film Chelsea Girls, which Nico starred in...

(Nico
Nico
Nico was a German singer, lyricist, composer, musician, fashion model, and actress, who initially rose to fame as a Warhol Superstar in the 1960s...

) - Engineer
1967: Down To Middle Earth (The Hobbits) - Engineer
1967: The Eyes Of The Beacon Street Union (Beacon Street Union
Beacon Street Union
The Beacon Street Union was a 1960s psychedelic era rock band, named for a street in their native Boston, whose original members John Lincoln Wright , Paul Tartachny , Wayne Ulaky , Robert Rhodes , and Richard Weisberg all went to Boston University...

) - Engineer
1967: San Franciscan Nights
San Franciscan Nights
"San Franciscan Nights" is a 1967 song performed by Eric Burdon and The Animals, with words and music by the group's members, Eric Burdon, Vic Briggs, John Weider, Barry Jenkins, and Danny McCulloch...

(Eric Burdon & The Animals) - Engineer
1967: Winds of Change
Winds of Change (Eric Burdon & The Animals album)
Winds of Change is an album released in 1967 by Eric Burdon & The Animals.The original band, The Animals, broke up in 1966 and this band was entirely new except for lead singer Eric Burdon and drummer Barry Jenkins, who joined the original lineup when John Steel left in February 1966...

(Eric Burdon & The Animals) - Remixing
1967: The Velvet Underground & Nico (The Velvet Underground
The Velvet Underground
The Velvet Underground was an American rock band formed in New York City. First active from 1964 to 1973, their best-known members were Lou Reed and John Cale, who both went on to find success as solo artists. Although experiencing little commercial success while together, the band is often cited...

) - Engineer, Mixing
1968: The Twain Shall Meet
The Twain Shall Meet
The Twain Shall Meet is an album released in 1968 by Eric Burdon & The Animals.It includes "Sky Pilot", an anti-war song of the Vietnam War era, including the sound of a plane crashing and a guitar riff by Vic Briggs, and "Monterey", the band's tribute to the 1967 Monterey Pop Festival...

(Eric Burdon & The Animals) - Remixing
1968: The Clown Died in Marvin Gardens
The Clown Died in Marvin Gardens
The Clown Died in Marvin Gardens is the second album from Beacon Street Union, a psychedelic rock group based in Boston, Mass. The album was released in 1968.-LP track listing:# "Blue Suede Shoes"# "A Not Very August Afternoon"...

(Beacon Street Union
Beacon Street Union
The Beacon Street Union was a 1960s psychedelic era rock band, named for a street in their native Boston, whose original members John Lincoln Wright , Paul Tartachny , Wayne Ulaky , Robert Rhodes , and Richard Weisberg all went to Boston University...

) - Engineer
1968: New Grass
New Grass
New Grass is a 1968 album by jazz saxophonist Albert Ayler released on Impulse! Records.The album mixed Ayler's vocals and tenor saxplaying with elements from R&B and other genres, including a soul horn section, backing singers, rock electric bass, and boogaloo drumming...

(Albert Ayler
Albert Ayler
Albert Ayler was an American avant-garde jazz saxophonist, singer and composer.Ayler was among the most primal of the free jazz musicians of the 1960s; critic John Litweiler wrote that "never before or since has there been such naked aggression in jazz" He possessed a deep blistering tone—achieved...

) - Engineer
1968: I Could Have Danced All Night
I Could Have Danced All Night
"I Could Have Danced All Night" is a song from the musical My Fair Lady, with music written by Frederick Loewe and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner, published in 1956...

(Central Nervous System
Central nervous system
The central nervous system is the part of the nervous system that integrates the information that it receives from, and coordinates the activity of, all parts of the bodies of bilaterian animals—that is, all multicellular animals except sponges and radially symmetric animals such as jellyfish...

) - Engineer
1968: Fraternity of Man
Fraternity of Man
The Fraternity of Man is an American blues rock and psychedelic rock group from the 1960s. They are most famous for their 1968 song "Don't Bogart That Joint," which was featured in the 1969 road movie Easy Rider...

(Fraternity of Man
Fraternity of Man
The Fraternity of Man is an American blues rock and psychedelic rock group from the 1960s. They are most famous for their 1968 song "Don't Bogart That Joint," which was featured in the 1969 road movie Easy Rider...

) - Remixing
1968: Harumi
Harumi
-Possible writings:Harumi can be written using different kanji characters and can mean:*晴美, "sunny, beauty"*晴海, "sunny, sea"*晴実, "sunny, fruit"*春美, "spring, beauty"*春海, "spring, sea"*春実, "spring, fruit"*治美, "govern, beauty"...

(Harumi
Harumi
-Possible writings:Harumi can be written using different kanji characters and can mean:*晴美, "sunny, beauty"*晴海, "sunny, sea"*晴実, "sunny, fruit"*春美, "spring, beauty"*春海, "spring, sea"*春実, "spring, fruit"*治美, "govern, beauty"...

) - Engineer, Remixing
1968: Electric Ladyland
Electric Ladyland
Electric Ladyland is the third and final album of new material by the Jimi Hendrix Experience, released in October 1968 on Reprise Records, catalogue 2RS 6307. It is the only Hendrix studio album professionally produced under his supervision. It topped the Billboard 200 album chart for two weeks in...

(Jimi Hendrix
Jimi Hendrix
James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter...

) - Engineer
1968: Electric Jimi Hendrix (Jimi Hendrix
Jimi Hendrix
James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter...

) - Engineer
1968: Cristo Redentor (Harvey Mandel
Harvey Mandel
Harvey Mandel is an American guitarist known for his innovative approach to electric guitar playing. A professional at twenty, he played with Charlie Musselwhite, Canned Heat, The Rolling Stones, and John Mayall before starting a solo career...

) - Engineer
1968: We're Only In It For The Money
We're Only in It for the Money
We're Only in It For the Money is the third studio album by The Mothers of Invention, released in March 1968. The album peaked at number thirty on the Billboard 200...

(The Mothers of Invention
The Mothers of Invention
The Mothers of Invention were an American band active from 1964 to 1969, and again from 1970 to 1975.They mainly performed works by, and were the original recording group of, US composer and guitarist Frank Zappa , although other members have had the occasional writing credit...

) - Engineer, Whisper
1968: Lumpy Gravy
Lumpy Gravy
Lumpy Gravy is the first solo album by Frank Zappa, originally released in 1967, but not generally available until May 1968. Zappa was credited as conductor on the album cover and he described the contents as "a curiously inconsistent piece, which started out to be a BALLET, but probably didn't...

(Frank Zappa
Frank Zappa
Frank Vincent Zappa was an American composer, singer-songwriter, electric guitarist, record producer and film director. In a career spanning more than 30 years, Zappa wrote rock, jazz, orchestral and musique concrète works. He also directed feature-length films and music videos, and designed...

) - Engineer
1968: High Flyin' Bird (Ill Wind) - Remixing
1968: Trout (Trout) - Engineer
1968: White Light/White Heat
White Light/White Heat
The album briefly appeared on the Billboard 200, although only peaking at number 199. Despite its poor sales, the distorted, feedback-driven, and roughly recorded sound on White Light/White Heat became a notable influence on punk and experimental rock...

(The Velvet Underground
The Velvet Underground
The Velvet Underground was an American rock band formed in New York City. First active from 1964 to 1973, their best-known members were Lou Reed and John Cale, who both went on to find success as solo artists. Although experiencing little commercial success while together, the band is often cited...

) - Engineer
1969: Street Giveth... And The Street Taketh Away (Cat Mother & The All Night Newsboys
Cat Mother & the All Night Newsboys
Cat Mother and The All Night Newsboys was an American musical group, originally formed in New York and later based in Mendocino, California, most active in the late 1960s and early 1970s.- History :...

) - Engineer
1969: Sunrise (Eire Apparent
Eire Apparent
Eire Apparent was a band from Northern Ireland, noted for launching the careers of Henry McCullough and Ernie Graham, and for having Jimi Hendrix play on, and produce, their only album.-The People:...

) - Engineer
1969: Mothermania
Mothermania
Mothermania , subtitled The Best of the Mothers, is a compilation album by The Mothers of Invention, led by Frank Zappa. It contains tracks personally chosen by Zappa that were previously released on Freak Out!, Absolutely Free and We're Only in It for the Money...

(The Mothers of Invention
The Mothers of Invention
The Mothers of Invention were an American band active from 1964 to 1969, and again from 1970 to 1975.They mainly performed works by, and were the original recording group of, US composer and guitarist Frank Zappa , although other members have had the occasional writing credit...

) - Engineer
1970: We Got To Live Together (Buddy Miles
Buddy Miles
George Allen Miles, Jr. , known as Buddy Miles, was an American rock and funk drummer, most known as a founding member of The Electric Flag in 1967, then as a member of Jimi Hendrix's Band of Gypsys from 1969 through to January 1970.-Early life:George Allen Miles was born in Omaha, Nebraska on...

Express) - Engineer
1970: A Message to the People (Buddy Miles
Buddy Miles
George Allen Miles, Jr. , known as Buddy Miles, was an American rock and funk drummer, most known as a founding member of The Electric Flag in 1967, then as a member of Jimi Hendrix's Band of Gypsys from 1969 through to January 1970.-Early life:George Allen Miles was born in Omaha, Nebraska on...

) - Producer, Engineer
1970: Evolution (Hedge & Donna) - Engineer
1970: Indianola Mississippi Seeds
Indianola Mississippi Seeds
Indianola Mississippi Seeds is a 1970 album in which B. B. King mixed elements of blues and pop/rock. Producer Bill Szymczyk decided to follow up on the success of the hit "The Thrill Is Gone" by matching King with a musical all-star cast...

(BB King) - Engineer
1970: Country Funk (Country Funk) - Engineer
1970: A Bad Donato (João Donato
João Donato
João Donato de Oliveira Neto is a Brazilian jazz and bossa nova pianist from Brazil, probably best known for his numerous albums as bandleader in the idiom...

) - Mixing, Engineer
1970: False Start
False Start (Love album)
False Start is the sixth album by the American rock band Love, released in December 1970.-Background:The second and final Love album for Blue Thumb Records saw bandleader Arthur Lee heavily influenced by his friend, Jimi Hendrix, with Hendrix appearing on the opening track, "The Everlasting First",...

(Love
Love
Love is an emotion of strong affection and personal attachment. In philosophical context, love is a virtue representing all of human kindness, compassion, and affection. Love is central to many religions, as in the Christian phrase, "God is love" or Agape in the Canonical gospels...

) - Engineer
1970: Purpose
Purpose (album)
Purpose is the debut album by contemporary R&B singer, Algebra.The album was on the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart for 14 weeks and peaked at #56.-Track listing:# At This Time# Halfway# Run and Hide# U Do It for Me...

(Purpose) - Engineer
1971: Dave Mason & Cass Elliot
Dave Mason & Cass Elliot
Dave Mason & Cass Elliot was the only teaming of artists Dave Mason and Cass Elliot. The album was produced by both Mason and Elliot and recorded in 1970...

(Dave Mason
Dave Mason
David Thomas "Dave" Mason is an English singer, songwriter, and guitarist from Worcester, who first found fame with the rock band Traffic...

& Cass Elliot
Cass Elliot
Cass Elliot , born Ellen Naomi Cohen and also known as Mama Cass, was an American singer and member of The Mamas & the Papas. After the group broke up, she released five solo albums. Elliot was found dead in her room in London, England, from an apparent heart attack after two weeks of sold-out...

) - Engineer
1971: Band of Angels
Band of Angels
Band of Angels is a 1957 romantic drama film set in the American South before and during the American Civil War, based on the novel of the same name by Robert Penn Warren. It starred Clark Gable, Yvonne De Carlo, and Sidney Poitier. The movie was directed by Raoul Walsh.-Plot:Amantha Starr is the...

(Alan Parker
Alan Parker
Sir Alan William Parker, CBE is an English film director, producer, writer and actor. He has been active in both the British cinema and American cinema and was a founding member of the Directors Guild of Great Britain.-Life and career:...

) - Engineer
1971: Stoneground (Stoneground
Stoneground
Stoneground was a rock band formed in 1970 in Concord, California. Originally a trio, Stoneground expanded to a 10-piece band by the time of their eponymous 1971 debut album. The group appeared in two films, Medicine Ball Caravan and Dracula A.D. 1972 , and released three albums before singer Sal...

) - Engineer
1971: We've Only Just Begun
We've Only Just Begun
"We've Only Just Begun" is the signature song of The Carpenters, written by Roger Nichols and Paul Williams , and is often used as a wedding song. The song was ranked at #405 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of "the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time".The song was recorded by Smokey Roberds, a friend...

(Claudine Longet
Claudine Longet
Claudine Georgette Longet is a French singer and recording artist who was popular during the 1960s and 1970s. She is also an actress and a dancer.Born in Paris, France, Longet was married to pop singer Andy Williams from 1961 until 1975...

) - Engineer
1972: Let's Spend The Night Together
Let's Spend the Night Together
"Let's Spend the Night Together" is a song written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, and originally released as a single by The Rolling Stones in 1967...

(Claudine Longet
Claudine Longet
Claudine Georgette Longet is a French singer and recording artist who was popular during the 1960s and 1970s. She is also an actress and a dancer.Born in Paris, France, Longet was married to pop singer Andy Williams from 1961 until 1975...

) - Engineer
1972: Peter Anders (Family LP) (Peter Anders
Peter Anders
Peter Anders may refer to:* Peter Anders , German tenor and favorite under the Hitler regime* Peter Anders , American songwriter and record producer, who collaborated with Vini Poncia among others...

) - Engineer
1973: Reevaluations: The Impulse Years (Albert Ayler
Albert Ayler
Albert Ayler was an American avant-garde jazz saxophonist, singer and composer.Ayler was among the most primal of the free jazz musicians of the 1960s; critic John Litweiler wrote that "never before or since has there been such naked aggression in jazz" He possessed a deep blistering tone—achieved...

) - Engineer
1973: Best Of B.B. King (MCA) (BB King) - Engineer
1973: Kracker Brand (Kracker
Kracker
Kracker were an American rock band active in the 1970s.-Biography:The band was originally formed in South Florida in 1970, but moved to Chicago in April 1971, where they were introduced to producer Jimmy Miller. With Miller, they recorded their first album, La Familia, which was released on ABC...

) - Engineer
1973: Coast to Coast: Overture and Beginners
Coast to Coast: Overture and Beginners
Coast to Coast: Overture and Beginners was a 1974 live album credited to Rod Stewart/Faces. It reflected Stewart's practice of not giving concerts as a solo act at the time, but rather appearing jointly with the Faces; thus the dual crediting....

(Rod Stewart
Rod Stewart
Roderick David "Rod" Stewart, CBE is a British singer-songwriter and musician, born and raised in North London, England and currently residing in Epping. He is of Scottish and English ancestry....

/Faces
Faces (band)
Faces are an English rock band formed in 1969 by members of the Small Faces after Steve Marriott left that group to form Humble Pie...

) - Engineer
1974: Live and in Color
Live and in Color
Live and In Color is a DVD that was recorded by The Reverend Horton Heat at Deep Ellum Live in Dallas, Texas in November of 2003.-Track listing:# "Reverend Horton Heat's Big Blue Car"# "Galaxy 500"# "Like a Rocket"# "The Party in Your Head"...

(Ballin' Jack
Ballin' Jack
Ballin' Jack was an American horn rock group formed in Seattle, Washington in 1969 by Luther Rabb and Ronnie Hammon . They had a minor hit in 1970 with "Super Highway", which hit #90 on the Billboard Top 100.-Career:...

) - Producer, Engineer
1974: Second Helping
Second Helping
Second Helping is a 1974 album by Lynyrd Skynyrd. It was the band's second album, and featured its biggest hit single, "Sweet Home Alabama", an answer song to Neil Young's "Alabama" and "Southern Man". The song reached #8 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in August 1974...

(Lynyrd Skynyrd
Lynyrd Skynyrd
Lynyrd Skynyrd is an American rock band prominent in spreading Southern Rock during the 1970s.Originally formed as the "Noble Five" in Jacksonville, Florida, in 1964, the band rose to worldwide recognition on the basis of its driving live performances and signature tune, Freebird...

) - Engineer
1974: I've Got My Own Album to Do
I've Got My Own Album to Do
I've Got My Own Album to Do is the first solo album of Ronnie Wood. It reached #27 on UK's New Musical Express chart. The title was a dig at Rod Stewart as he was more focused with his solo albums than with The Faces.-Track listing:...

(Ron Wood
Ron Wood
Ronald David "Ronnie" Wood is an English rock guitarist and bassist best known as a former member of The Jeff Beck Group, Faces, and current member of The Rolling Stones. He also plays lap and pedal steel guitar....

) - Producer
1975: Early Bird Cafe (Serfs) - Engineer
1975: Two Sides of the Moon
Two Sides of the Moon
Two Sides of the Moon is the only solo album from the primary drummer from The Who, Keith Moon. Rather than using the album as a chance to showcase his legendary drumming skill, Moon chose to sing on all the songs, and play drums only on "Crazy Like a Fox", "The Kids Are Alright" and "Move Over Ms....

(Keith Moon
Keith Moon
Keith John Moon was an English musician, best known for being the drummer of the English rock group The Who. He gained acclaim for his exuberant and innovative drumming style, and notoriety for his eccentric and often self-destructive behaviour, earning him the nickname "Moon the Loon". Moon...

) - Engineer
1975: Lazy Afternoon
Lazy Afternoon (Barbra Streisand album)
Lazy Afternoon is a pop album by Barbra Streisand released in 1975 on Columbia Records. The album peaked at number twelve on the Billboard 200 and was certified gold by the RIAA in April 1976.-Side one:...

(Barbra Streisand
Barbra Streisand
Barbra Joan Streisand is an American singer, actress, film producer and director. She has won two Academy Awards, eight Grammy Awards, four Emmy Awards, a Special Tony Award, an American Film Institute award, a Peabody Award, and is one of the few entertainers who have won an Oscar, Emmy, Grammy,...

) - Engineer
1976: Nine On A Ten Scale
Nine on a Ten Scale
Nine on a Ten Scale is Sammy Hagar's first solo album.- Song information :* "Keep On Rockin'", a Hagar original, was covered by Bette Midler on the classic soundtrack to The Rose, albeit in a vastly different version....

(Sammy Hagar
Sammy Hagar
Sam Roy "Sammy" Hagar , also known as The Red Rocker, is an American rock singer, guitarist, and songwriter. Also sings Country Music....

) - Engineer
1976: Stone Alone (Bill Wyman
Bill Wyman
Bill Wyman is an English musician best known as the bass guitarist for the English rock and roll band the Rolling Stones from 1962 until 1992. Since 1997, he has recorded and toured with his own band, Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings...

) - Engineer
1977: Where Did All The Money Go (Soundtrack
Soundtrack
A soundtrack can be recorded music accompanying and synchronized to the images of a motion picture, book, television program or video game; a commercially released soundtrack album of music as featured in the soundtrack of a film or TV show; or the physical area of a film that contains the...

) - Engineer

Later releases of recordings made before his death

1985: VU
VU (album)
VU is an outtakes compilation album by The Velvet Underground. It was released in February 1985 by Verve Records.-Composition and collection:...

(The Velvet Underground
The Velvet Underground
The Velvet Underground was an American rock band formed in New York City. First active from 1964 to 1973, their best-known members were Lou Reed and John Cale, who both went on to find success as solo artists. Although experiencing little commercial success while together, the band is often cited...

) - Engineer (Recorded in 1969 by Kellgren, but not released until 1985)
1991: Crosby, Stills & Nash (Box Set)
CSN (box set)
CSN is a box set released in 1991 by Crosby, Stills and Nash. It features material from their albums as a group in addition to selections from their various solo and duet albums. It also features many outtakes, including from sessions that did not result in an album by the group...

(Crosby, Stills & Nash) - Engineer
1993: What Goes On (The Velvet Underground
The Velvet Underground
The Velvet Underground was an American rock band formed in New York City. First active from 1964 to 1973, their best-known members were Lou Reed and John Cale, who both went on to find success as solo artists. Although experiencing little commercial success while together, the band is often cited...

) - Engineer
1995: Love Story 1966-1972 (Love
Love
Love is an emotion of strong affection and personal attachment. In philosophical context, love is a virtue representing all of human kindness, compassion, and affection. Love is central to many religions, as in the Christian phrase, "God is love" or Agape in the Canonical gospels...

) - Engineer
1995: Peel Slowly and See
Peel Slowly and See
Peel Slowly and See is a five-disc box set of material by The Velvet Underground. It was released in September 1995 by Polydor.-Compilation:...

(The Velvet Underground
The Velvet Underground
The Velvet Underground was an American rock band formed in New York City. First active from 1964 to 1973, their best-known members were Lou Reed and John Cale, who both went on to find success as solo artists. Although experiencing little commercial success while together, the band is often cited...

) - Engineer
1995: In Celebration
In Celebration
In Celebration is a 1975 film directed by Lindsay Anderson. It is based in the 1969 stage production of the same name by David Storey which was also directed by Anderson. The movie was meant to be shown theatrically with tickets sold in advance....

(Ravi Shankar
Ravi Shankar
Ravi Shankar , often referred to by the title Pandit, is an Indian musician and composer who plays the plucked string instrument sitar. He has been described as the best known contemporary Indian musician by Hans Neuhoff in Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart.Shankar was born in Varanasi and spent...

) - Remastering
1996: The Lost Episodes
The Lost Episodes
The Lost Episodes is a 1996 posthumous album by Frank Zappa which compiles previously unreleased material. Much of the material covered dates from early in his career, and as early as 1958, into the mid-1970s...

(Frank Zappa
Frank Zappa
Frank Vincent Zappa was an American composer, singer-songwriter, electric guitarist, record producer and film director. In a career spanning more than 30 years, Zappa wrote rock, jazz, orchestral and musique concrète works. He also directed feature-length films and music videos, and designed...

) - Engineer
1997: South Saturn Delta
South Saturn Delta
South Saturn Delta is a posthumous Jimi Hendrix album compiled by the Hendrix estate that consists of material such as demo tapes, unfinished takes and alternate mixes, previously released material, most of which Hendrix had been working on prior to his death in 1970.When the Hendrix family...

(Jimi Hendrix
Jimi Hendrix
James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter...

) - Engineer
1997: Best of Buddy Miles (Buddy Miles
Buddy Miles
George Allen Miles, Jr. , known as Buddy Miles, was an American rock and funk drummer, most known as a founding member of The Electric Flag in 1967, then as a member of Jimi Hendrix's Band of Gypsys from 1969 through to January 1970.-Early life:George Allen Miles was born in Omaha, Nebraska on...

) - Assistant Producer
2001: Voodoo Child: The Jimi Hendrix Collection
Voodoo Child: The Jimi Hendrix Collection
Voodoo Child: The Jimi Hendrix Collection is a two-disc set compilation. The first disc contains studio recordings and the second disc contains live recordings. It contains many alternate recordings of studio tracks, and previously unavailable and unreleased recordings...

(Jimi Hendrix
Jimi Hendrix
James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter...

) - Engineer
2002: Voodoo Child: The Jimi Hendrix Collection
Voodoo Child: The Jimi Hendrix Collection
Voodoo Child: The Jimi Hendrix Collection is a two-disc set compilation. The first disc contains studio recordings and the second disc contains live recordings. It contains many alternate recordings of studio tracks, and previously unavailable and unreleased recordings...

(UK Bonus Track) (Jimi Hendrix
Jimi Hendrix
James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter...

) - Engineer
2003: Street Giveth...And the Street Taketh Away (Bonus Tracks) (Cat Mother & The All Night Newsboys
Cat Mother & the All Night Newsboys
Cat Mother and The All Night Newsboys was an American musical group, originally formed in New York and later based in Mendocino, California, most active in the late 1960s and early 1970s.- History :...

) - Engineer
2003: Martin Scorsese Presents the Blues: Jimi Hendrix
Martin Scorsese Presents the Blues: Jimi Hendrix
Martin Scorsese Presents the Blues: Jimi Hendrix is a ten track companion release to the critically acclaimed television documentary series Martin Scorsese Presents The Blues shown on PBS in September 2003....

(Jimi Hendrix
Jimi Hendrix
James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter...

) - Engineer
2004: The Twain Shall Meet
The Twain Shall Meet
The Twain Shall Meet is an album released in 1968 by Eric Burdon & The Animals.It includes "Sky Pilot", an anti-war song of the Vietnam War era, including the sound of a plane crashing and a guitar riff by Vic Briggs, and "Monterey", the band's tribute to the 1967 Monterey Pop Festival...

(Bonus Tracks) (The Animals
The Animals
The Animals were an English music group of the 1960s formed in Newcastle upon Tyne during the early part of the decade, and later relocated to London...

) - Remixing
2004: Five Guys Walk into a Bar...
Five Guys Walk into a Bar...
Five Guys Walk into a Bar... is a four-disc retrospective of the British rock group Faces released in 2004, collecting sixty-seven tracks from among the group's four studio albums, assorted single A- and B-sides, BBC sessions, rehearsal tapes and one track from a promotional flexi-disc,...

(Faces
Faces (band)
Faces are an English rock band formed in 1969 by members of the Small Faces after Steve Marriott left that group to form Humble Pie...

) - Engineer, Mixing
2004: The Experience Sessions (Noel Redding
Noel Redding
Noel Redding was an English rock and roll guitarist best known as the bassist for The Jimi Hendrix Experience.-Biography:...

) - Engineer
2005: Retrospective
Retrospective
Retrospective generally means to take a look back at events that already have taken place. For example, the term is used in medicine, describing a look back at a patient's medical history or lifestyle.-Music:...

(The Animals
The Animals
The Animals were an English music group of the 1960s formed in Newcastle upon Tyne during the early part of the decade, and later relocated to London...

) - Remixing
2005: Gold (The Velvet Underground
The Velvet Underground
The Velvet Underground was an American rock band formed in New York City. First active from 1964 to 1973, their best-known members were Lou Reed and John Cale, who both went on to find success as solo artists. Although experiencing little commercial success while together, the band is often cited...

) - Engineer, Mixing
2005: Chronicles
Chronicles (Velvet Underground album)
Chronicles is a compilation album by The Velvet Underground. It was initially released for the Australian market by Mercury Records in 1991 as part of their "Startrax" series of budget compilations. The album was also made available in Europe....

(The Velvet Underground
The Velvet Underground
The Velvet Underground was an American rock band formed in New York City. First active from 1964 to 1973, their best-known members were Lou Reed and John Cale, who both went on to find success as solo artists. Although experiencing little commercial success while together, the band is often cited...

) - Engineer
2005: Concert for Bangladesh (Bonus Track) (George Harrison
George Harrison
George Harrison, MBE was an English musician, guitarist, singer-songwriter, actor and film producer who achieved international fame as lead guitarist of The Beatles. Often referred to as "the quiet Beatle", Harrison became over time an admirer of Indian mysticism, and introduced it to the other...

) - Engineer
2005: Concert for Bangladesh (DVD)(Deluxe Edition) (George Harrison
George Harrison
George Harrison, MBE was an English musician, guitarist, singer-songwriter, actor and film producer who achieved international fame as lead guitarist of The Beatles. Often referred to as "the quiet Beatle", Harrison became over time an admirer of Indian mysticism, and introduced it to the other...

) - Engineer
2005: Concert for Bangladesh (DVD) (George Harrison
George Harrison
George Harrison, MBE was an English musician, guitarist, singer-songwriter, actor and film producer who achieved international fame as lead guitarist of The Beatles. Often referred to as "the quiet Beatle", Harrison became over time an admirer of Indian mysticism, and introduced it to the other...

) - Engineer
2006: The Velvet Underground Story (The Velvet Underground
The Velvet Underground
The Velvet Underground was an American rock band formed in New York City. First active from 1964 to 1973, their best-known members were Lou Reed and John Cale, who both went on to find success as solo artists. Although experiencing little commercial success while together, the band is often cited...

) - Engineer
2006: Two Sides of the Moon
Two Sides of the Moon
Two Sides of the Moon is the only solo album from the primary drummer from The Who, Keith Moon. Rather than using the album as a chance to showcase his legendary drumming skill, Moon chose to sing on all the songs, and play drums only on "Crazy Like a Fox", "The Kids Are Alright" and "Move Over Ms....

(Expanded) (Keith Moon
Keith Moon
Keith John Moon was an English musician, best known for being the drummer of the English rock group The Who. He gained acclaim for his exuberant and innovative drumming style, and notoriety for his eccentric and often self-destructive behaviour, earning him the nickname "Moon the Loon". Moon...

) - Engineer
2007: Blue Thumb Recordings (Love
Love
Love is an emotion of strong affection and personal attachment. In philosophical context, love is a virtue representing all of human kindness, compassion, and affection. Love is central to many religions, as in the Christian phrase, "God is love" or Agape in the Canonical gospels...

) - Engineer
2008: Electric Ladyland
Electric Ladyland
Electric Ladyland is the third and final album of new material by the Jimi Hendrix Experience, released in October 1968 on Reprise Records, catalogue 2RS 6307. It is the only Hendrix studio album professionally produced under his supervision. It topped the Billboard 200 album chart for two weeks in...

(40th Anniversary Collector's Edition) (CD/DVD)) (Jimi Hendrix
Jimi Hendrix
James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter...

) - Engineer

Concerts

1971: Concert For Bangladesh - Engineer
1973: Coast to Coast: Overture and Beginners
Coast to Coast: Overture and Beginners
Coast to Coast: Overture and Beginners was a 1974 live album credited to Rod Stewart/Faces. It reflected Stewart's practice of not giving concerts as a solo act at the time, but rather appearing jointly with the Faces; thus the dual crediting....

- Engineer
1974: Rumble In The Jungle - Engineer

External links

Droney, Maureen mixonline.com/mag: – L.A. Grapevine – December 2001
Jackson, Blair mixonline.com/mag: – The '70s – November 2004

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.

Engineering

Design

Record Plant

Death

Albums

Later releases of recordings made before his death

Concerts

Further reading

External links