Galeola
Encyclopedia
Galeola is a genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae
) belonging to the subfamily Vanilloideae
.
All Species in this genus are myco-heterotrophic, i.e. they are parasitic upon fungi. The Genus is spread throughout Asia (Madagascar to Japan) and contains 22 to 25 species.
Galeola is of biological interest because of its exclusive myco-heterotrophic nature and its seeds. The seeds are the biggest orchid seeds in the world. They are winged, which is also extraordinary for an orchid.
Orchidaceae
The Orchidaceae, commonly referred to as the orchid family, is a morphologically diverse and widespread family of monocots in the order Asparagales. Along with the Asteraceae, it is one of the two largest families of flowering plants, with between 21,950 and 26,049 currently accepted species,...
) belonging to the subfamily Vanilloideae
Vanilloideae
Vanilloideae is one of the subfamilies of orchids belonging to the large family Orchidaceae.Lindley and even Garay used to treat it as a separate family Vanillaceae. But their single, incumbent anther and poorly organised pollinia led to their recognition as at best a subgroup of monandrous...
.
All Species in this genus are myco-heterotrophic, i.e. they are parasitic upon fungi. The Genus is spread throughout Asia (Madagascar to Japan) and contains 22 to 25 species.
Galeola is of biological interest because of its exclusive myco-heterotrophic nature and its seeds. The seeds are the biggest orchid seeds in the world. They are winged, which is also extraordinary for an orchid.
Species
- Galeola altissima (BlumeCarl Ludwig BlumeCharles Ludwig de Blume or Karl Ludwig von Blume was a German-Dutch botanist.He was born at Braunschweig in Germany, but studied at Leiden University and spent his professional life working in the Dutch East Indies and in the Netherlands, where he was Director of the Rijksherbarium at Leiden...
) Rchb.f.Heinrich Gustav ReichenbachHeinrich Gustav Reichenbach was an ornithologist, botanist and the foremost German orchidologist of the 19th century...
(1865) (IndonesiaIndonesiaIndonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
, PhilippinesPhilippinesThe Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
, TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
, ThailandThailandThailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...
) - Galeola cassythoides (A.Cunn.) Rchb.f. (1865) (Australia)
- Galeola cathcarthii Hook.f.Joseph Dalton HookerSir Joseph Dalton Hooker OM, GCSI, CB, MD, FRS was one of the greatest British botanists and explorers of the 19th century. Hooker was a founder of geographical botany, and Charles Darwin's closest friend...
(Thailand) - Galeola faberi Rolfe (ChinaChinaChinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
) - Galeola falconeri Hook.f. (IndiaIndiaIndia , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, Taiwan) - Galeola foliata F. Muell. (1873)
- Galeola gracilis Schltr. (Papua New GuineaPapua New GuineaPapua New Guinea , officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands...
) - Galeola humblotii H.G.Reichb. (MadagascarMadagascarThe Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa...
, Comores) - Galeola hydra Rchb.f. (1865) (India)
- Galeola integra Rolfe ex. Downie (Thailand)
- Galeola javanica (Blume) Benth. & Hook.f. (1883) (Indonesia)
- Galeola kawakamii J.J.Sm.Johannes Jacobus SmithJohannes Jacobus Smith was a Dutch botanist who, between years 1905 to 1924, crossed the islands of the Dutch East Indies , collecting specimens of plants and describing and cataloguing the flora of these islands...
ex Koord.-Schum. (1913) - Galeola kuhlii Rchb.f. (1865) (India, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, VietnamVietnamVietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
) - Galeola kwangsiensis Hand.Mazz.
- Galeola ledgeri Fitzger. (1885)
- Galeola lindleyana (Hook.f. & J.W.Thomson) H.G.Reichb. ( BhutanBhutanBhutan , officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked state in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China...
, China, India, Indonesia, NepalNepalNepal , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India...
, Taiwan) - Galeola minahassae Schltr. (1911)
- Galeola montigena Schltr. (1911)
- Galeola nana Rolfe ex Downie (Thailand)
- Galeola nuda (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines)
- Galeola nudifolia Lour. (1790) (China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam)
- Galeola ochobiensis Hayata (1916)
- Galeola ponapensis (Kaneh. & Yamam.) Tuyama
- Galeola pterosperma (Lindl.John LindleyJohn Lindley FRS was an English botanist, gardener and orchidologist.-Early years:Born in Catton, near Norwich, England, John Lindley was one of four children of George and Mary Lindley. George Lindley was a nurseryman and pomologist and ran a commercial nursery garden...
) Schltr. (1911) - Galeola septentrionalis Rchb.f. (JapanJapanJapan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
) - Galeola shweliensis W.W.Smith (Taiwan)
- Galeola torana J.J.Sm. (1915)
- Galeola vanilloides Schltr. (Papua New Guinea)
- Galeola wilsonii Rolfe