GKK Etzenricht
Encyclopedia
Etzenricht
Etzenricht is a municipality in the Upper Palatinate, ca. 6 km southeast of Weiden in the district of Neustadt in Bavaria in Germany.Etzenricht has 1721 inhabitants and various small industries. East of Etzenricht toward Rothenstadt is a transformer station of the E.ON AG with the GKK...
in the district of Neustadt in Bavaria
Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
. It was built up on area of Etzenricht substation, a 380 kV/220 kV/110 kV-substation, which went in service in 1970 and expanded afterwards several times. The operator of this facility, which was used between 1993 and 1995 for exchange of power between Germany and Czech was Bayernwerk AG (now E.ON
E.ON
E.ON AG, marketed with an interpunct as E•ON, is the holding company of the world's largest investor-owned energy service provider based in Düsseldorf, Germany. The name comes from the Greek word aeon which means eternity....
Netz GmbH).
History
| April 26, 1991 | Construction started |
| September 1991 | Building complete |
| May 1992 | First power |
| September 3, 1992 | Completion of powerline to Hradec, Czech |
| January 27, 1993 | Start trial operation |
| July 9, 1993 | Official opening |
| October 18, 1995 | Shutdown after synchronisation of the German and the Czech Power Grid |
After the synchronization of the power grids between Germany and Czech the maximum amount of power, which can be transmitted between Etzenricht and Hradec increased from 600 MW to 1316 MW. The inauguration of the second 380 kV-interconnection to Prestice substation on July 29, 1997 increased the transmission capacity from Etzenricht to Czech to further 1579 MW, so via Etzenricht substation today a maximum power exchange of 2895 MW between Czech and Germany is possible.
In 1997, after inauguration of the second 380 kV-powerline to Czech, which ends at Prestice substation, most external components of GKK Etzenricht were dismantled and stored on the area of the facility. Since beginning of this dismantling, the facility was not workable any more. Only the transformers, the smoothing reactor and one harmonic filter remained on their original sites. Since shutdown of the static inverter, it was planned to sell the installation to eastern Europe, where it would have allowed the construction of an HVDC back-to-back station for exchanging power between eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. As the static inverter went more and more out of date and one was meanwhile able to build static inverters like that of GKK Etzenricht much simpler by using photo thyristors, no such deal ever took place. In 2006 the facility was sold to IDPC, an Austrian recycling company, which wanted first to sell the installation completely and as this did not work, part by part. However only a few components were sold. In spring 2009 all remaining components of GKK Etzenricht were dismantled and scrapped.
The hall is transformed into a party location. For celebrating the 20th anniversary of German reunification, on October 3, 2010 an ACDC
AC/DC
AC/DC are an Australian rock band, formed in 1973 by brothers Malcolm and Angus Young. Commonly classified as hard rock, they are considered pioneers of heavy metal, though they themselves have always classified their music as simply "rock and roll"...
-concert was planned on the former switchyard http://www.trendtreff.de/event/acdc-konzert/1.event.html, but this was canceled for safety reasons after the Love Parade stampede
Love Parade stampede
On 24 July 2010, a stampede at the 2010 Love Parade electronic dance music festival in Duisburg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, caused the death of 21 people. At least 510 more were injured....
in Duisburg.
Technical features
GKK Etzenricht had a maximum transmission power of 600 megawatts (MW) and worked with a DC voltage of 160 kV. The two static inverters are in a 13 metres (43 ft) high hallValve hall
A valve hall is a building which contains the valves of the static inverters of a HVDC plant. The valves consist of thyristors, or at older plants, mercury arc rectifiers. Mercury arc rectifiers are usually supported by insulators mounted on the floor, while thyristor valves may be either...
with 430 square metres (4,628.5 sq ft) of surface area, which was built in a combination of local and finished concrete building method. Each static inverter consists of 432 thyristor
Thyristor
A thyristor is a solid-state semiconductor device with four layers of alternating N and P-type material. They act as bistable switches, conducting when their gate receives a current trigger, and continue to conduct while they are forward biased .Some sources define silicon controlled rectifiers and...
s, which are put in six thyristor towers arranged in a row. Each thyristor tower has 2 valve functions and consist of 8 thyristor modules, which are arranged one on top of the other. Each thyristor module consists of 9 thyristors switched in series and the necessary auxiliary equipment as the saturation coils, which are in series with
the thyristors. Parallel to each thyristor a series combination of a resistor and a capacitor is switched, which limits the speed of current grow. From this combination the power for the supply of the electronic used for thyristor steering is gained. The electronic used for thyristor steering has at operation a high voltage potential against ground. It is connected to the main control electronic on ground potential by fiber-optic cables, which allow a bidirectional data transmission. Parallel to each thyristor module a capacitor and parallel to each valve function a varistor is switched. As thyristors the model U78 S346 S34 manufactured by Siemens, which has a maximum power rating of 4100 amperes and which was when GKK Etzenricht was built the most powerful thyristor in the world. At both ends of the hall there are three bays for the accommodation of the static inverter transformer
Transformer
A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors—the transformer's coils. A varying current in the first or primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core and thus a varying magnetic field...
s, which are built as single-phase units.
Power transmission line to the Czech Republic
GKK Etzenricht was used in connection with the power transmission lineElectric power transmission
Electric-power transmission is the bulk transfer of electrical energy, from generating power plants to Electrical substations located near demand centers...
between Germany and the Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
. The single-circuit 380kV power transmission link runs from the (Ex) GKK Etzenricht to the Czech substations at Hradec u Kadaně
Hradec substation
Hradec substation is an important substation connecting the 220-kV and 400-kV-grid in electricity grid Czech republic. It is situated near Hradec u Kadaně in Northern Bohemia. In Hradec the high voltage transmission lines from the surrounding lignite-fired power stations come together and the...
. In 1997 a second single-circuit 380 kV-interconnection from Etzenricht to Přeštice
Preštice
Přeštice is a town in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It lies on the Úhlava River, some to the south from the region capital of Pilsen....
substation was realized. Its conductors, which are of the same type as that used for the line to Hradec, are between Etzenricht and Straz installed on the same pylons. For overvoltage protection the whole powerline is equipped with two ground conductors, which are installed on a separate crossbar on the top of the pylons. One conductor contains a fiber optic cable for data transmission.
The link from Etzenricht to Hradec has a maximum power transmission capacity of 1639 MW at an operating voltage of 380 kV. However it is limited by substation equipment to 1316 MW. On the German section of the line the conductors are bundles of four ropes consisting of steel and aluminum. Each conductor has a cross section of 340 mm² aluminum and 30 mm² steel. Between Weiden
Weiden
- Places :In Austria* Weiden am See in the district of Neusiedl am See in Burgenland* Weiden bei Rechnitz in the district of Oberwart in the Burgenland* Weiden an der March in the district of Gänserndorf in Lower AustriaIn Germany...
and Etzenricht this line is installed on 14 pylons of the "Danube type". One of these pylons was built after the shutdown of the GKK, in order to run the line directly - past the static inverter hall - into the switchyard of the Etzenricht substation. By this the length of the German section of the line grow by 180 metres to 33.8 kilometres. Except of the first pylon, these pylons were used before 1992 for the 110 kV-powerline from Etzenricht to Weiden. In 1992 this line was rebuilt on pylons running parallel to the old 110 kV-powerline to Weiden, whose pylons were equipped with a third crossbar for the ground conductors and with the 380 kV-conductors for the line to Czech.
The section between Weiden/Oberpfalz and Eslarn
Eslarn
Eslarn is a municipality in the district of Neustadt in Bavaria in Germany....
consists of 60 pylons with a fourth crossbar under the crossbars for the 380 kV conductors in order to carry the two 110 kV circuits of the powerline Weiden/Oberpfalz - Vohenstrauss and the two 30 kV-circuits for the powerline between Vohenstrauss and Eslarn. This was necessary because, due to environmental protection, only one right of way was available. Therefore the circuits of these lines, which existed in 1992 already since several years, had to be installed on the pylons of the powerline with the 380 kV-circuits to the Czech Republic. In Vohenstrauss the 110 kV-circuits run to the local substation, which is situated close to the right of way of the powerline to the Czech Republic.
Behind Vohenstrauss on the lowest crossbar the circuits of the 30 kV-line Vohenstrauss-Eslarn are installed. For a future upgrade of this line to 110 kV, the conductors of this line are mounted on insulators for 110 kV on the pylons. Near Riedlhof this line leaves the track of the line to Czech and runs on concrete pylons to Eslarn substation. From Riedlhof the 380 kV-line to the Czech Republic runs on 15 pylons of "Danube type" to the border between Germany and the Czech Republic. The border is crossed close north of the border crossing of the motorway A6 near Furth in Forest
Furth im Wald
Furth im Wald is a town in the District of Cham, in Bavaria, Germany, near the Czech border. It is situated in the Bavarian Forest, 16 km northeast of Cham, and 17 km southwest of Domažlice....
.
After the border the construction type of pylon does not change, but their design and the type of conductors. In the Czech Republic the line uses conductors, which are bundles of 3 conductors with a cross section of 450 mm² aluminum and 50 mm² steel. 31.5 kilometers behind the frontier near Straz
Stráž
Stráž may refer to several places in Czech Republic and Slovakia. The word stráž means guard, watch or patrol in Czech language.Municipalities* Stráž * Stráž * Stráž nad Ohří* Stráž nad Nežárkou* Stráž nad Nisou...
the line splits off in two 380kV-lines with a single circuit. One of these lines is the 97.5 kilometres (60.6 mi) long line section to Hradec in Northern Bohemia and the other is the line to Přeštice, which was built in 1997. Both lines are installed on Delta type pylons.
Directional Radio Tower
Natural gas compressor station
Southwest of the facility at 49°37'29" N and 12°7'33" E there is a compressor station for natural gas owned by MEGAL.External links
- Google Maps: Substation with former HVDC converter
- https://www.energy-portal.siemens.com/static/hq/de/products_solutions/11075_97271_1993%20etzenricht.html