Fuerza Nueva
Encyclopedia
New Force was the name of a succession of far-right political parties in Spain
founded by Blas Piñar
, the son of one of the defenders of the Alcázar of Toledo
and director of the Institute of Hispanic Culture during the Francoist period. The common goal of all these organizations was to "keep alive the ideals of July 18th 1936 and to gather the national forces."
and to those in favor of hardening the repression.
After a spiritual retirement, Piñar, director of the magazine, organized and constituted in 1976 the only openly extreme right-wing party represented in the democracy. It was Piñar and other seven other nostalgic fascists, headed by the general and member of Opus Dei
Alvaro Lacalle Leloup. They pleaded for the continuation of Francoism in all its forms, without clarifying if its position was one of Falangism
, Carlism
, the Opus Dei technocracy that had dominated the later days of Francoist Spain, or all of them simultaneously. The only clear position was its rejection of Juan Carlos's constitutional monarchy and its defense of "organic democracy". Because of this, FN was an amalgam of Catholic
fundamentalists, technocrats, neoliberal-raised young people, fascists and ultranationalists, in which any rightist idea had relevance and that called itself a "national group of forces".
In 1977 it failed totally in the elections with the coalition 'National Alliance July 18
', an organization that included FN, FE-JONS (the Falange) and the Carlist Comunión Tradicionalista. In 1979, they repeated the previous coalition with the new name National Union
, and Piñar was elected as deputy of Madrid. The parliamentary interventions of Blas Piñar were centered in this period on his own party, most of the time talking about the actions against his group, trying to criminalize antifascist activity and even obtaining propaganda of the formation of these frequent denunciations, appearing as a victim like a group persecuted by the Department of the Interior.
According to other references of this period, they talked about the conjuncture
of the political course, the rest of the time suggesting dirty plots of the State and the autonomous governments.
Present in all the Spanish provinces during the transition to democracy
, its message was one of fear to a subversion against Spain organized by the "interests of the Judeo-Masonic and communist hydra". The work of FN in favor of anti-Marxist and racist propaganda began in 1970 with the publication in its own publishing house of the book What is Communism?, although several other books had to do with previous conferences on the matter where socialism was explained from the ultra-Catholic view as an ideology inspired by the devil. It did not have any revisions explaining the certain falseness of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion nor in the introducing part of the Literature of the Holocaust, and based all its propaganda on the defense of the National-Catholic values urging "A New Crusade by the Mother country".
FN, implicated in political aggression and attacks to bookstores, created a youthful pick up group called Fuerza Joven (Young Force
). Through it, they passed numerous leaders of later attempts of neofascist unification like Jose Luis Corral, leader of the Spanish Catholic Movement, or Ricardo Sáenz de Ynestrillas, founder and ex-leader of "Alliance for National Unity".
Years later, FN reappeared refounded as Forward Spain (ADES). Also directed by Blas Piñar, ADES maintained the same goals as the political project of FN, that is to say, the resurrection of the form of the authoritarian state dictatorship from 1939 to 1975.
As years passed for New Force, the new project of Blas Piñar was repudiated by most of the neo-Nazi groups, especially skinheads. Nevertheless, its calls to take the streets in the occasion of celebrations like the 20th of November (the anniversary of the death of Francisco Franco) generally are seconded by most militants of the extreme right, including during the 1980s and 1990s numerous skinheads as well as fascist supporters of the older generations.
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
founded by Blas Piñar
Blas Piñar
Blas Piñar is a Spanish politician. He has had connections with Catholic organizations; directed the Institute of Spanish Culture and served as deputy in the Cortes and a councillor of the Movimiento Nacional.In the 1960s, Blas Piñar was in charge of the Institute of Spanish Culture that was...
, the son of one of the defenders of the Alcázar of Toledo
Alcázar of Toledo
The Alcázar of Toledo is a stone fortification located in the highest part of Toledo, Spain. Once used as a Roman palace in the 3rd century, it was restored under Charles I and Philip II of Spain in the 1540's...
and director of the Institute of Hispanic Culture during the Francoist period. The common goal of all these organizations was to "keep alive the ideals of July 18th 1936 and to gather the national forces."
Founding
FN appeared as the collective leader in 1966 around Fuerza Nueva Editorial SA, a magazine of the same name beginning to be published in 1967. From the beginning, their public call was to the most nostalgic FalangistsFalange
The Spanish Phalanx of the Assemblies of the National Syndicalist Offensive , known simply as the Falange, is the name assigned to several political movements and parties dating from the 1930s, most particularly the original fascist movement in Spain. The word means phalanx formation in Spanish....
and to those in favor of hardening the repression.
After a spiritual retirement, Piñar, director of the magazine, organized and constituted in 1976 the only openly extreme right-wing party represented in the democracy. It was Piñar and other seven other nostalgic fascists, headed by the general and member of Opus Dei
Opus Dei
Opus Dei, formally known as The Prelature of the Holy Cross and Opus Dei , is an organization of the Catholic Church that teaches that everyone is called to holiness and that ordinary life is a path to sanctity. The majority of its membership are lay people, with secular priests under the...
Alvaro Lacalle Leloup. They pleaded for the continuation of Francoism in all its forms, without clarifying if its position was one of Falangism
Falangism
Falangism is the political ideology of the Spanish Falange as well as derivatives of it in other countries. In its original form, Falangism is widely associated as a fascist ideology, the Spanish Falange denied this, claiming it was not a copy of any foreign movement...
, Carlism
Carlism
Carlism is a traditionalist and legitimist political movement in Spain seeking the establishment of a separate line of the Bourbon family on the Spanish throne. This line descended from Infante Carlos, Count of Molina , and was founded due to dispute over the succession laws and widespread...
, the Opus Dei technocracy that had dominated the later days of Francoist Spain, or all of them simultaneously. The only clear position was its rejection of Juan Carlos's constitutional monarchy and its defense of "organic democracy". Because of this, FN was an amalgam of Catholic
Catholic
The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...
fundamentalists, technocrats, neoliberal-raised young people, fascists and ultranationalists, in which any rightist idea had relevance and that called itself a "national group of forces".
In 1977 it failed totally in the elections with the coalition 'National Alliance July 18
National Alliance July 18
National Alliance July 18 was a far-right nationalist electoral coalition in Spain, formed ahead of the 1977 elections by New Force of Blas Piñar, Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista and Carlist Traditionalist Communion.The alliance won 67336 votes and no seats.July...
', an organization that included FN, FE-JONS (the Falange) and the Carlist Comunión Tradicionalista. In 1979, they repeated the previous coalition with the new name National Union
National Union (Spain)
The National Union was a right-wing electoral coalition which contested the 1979 election. It linked Blas Piñar's Fuerza Nueva francoist party with the Carlists....
, and Piñar was elected as deputy of Madrid. The parliamentary interventions of Blas Piñar were centered in this period on his own party, most of the time talking about the actions against his group, trying to criminalize antifascist activity and even obtaining propaganda of the formation of these frequent denunciations, appearing as a victim like a group persecuted by the Department of the Interior.
According to other references of this period, they talked about the conjuncture
Conjuncture
In general, a conjuncture is a period marked by some watershed event which separates different epochs.In economics, conjuncture is a critical combination of events....
of the political course, the rest of the time suggesting dirty plots of the State and the autonomous governments.
From the 1980s till today
In any case, the defined political group best known as a last holdout of the regime disappeared officially as a party in 1982, becoming restricted by constant losses to only publishing. None of its leaders knew how to admit the loss of its parliamentary representation when it only obtained 0.13% of the vote (20,139 ballots), or why internal fights aggravated the FN crisis and sparked the appearance of a breakaway movement that culminated in the creation of Hispanic Union (UH). FN is since then only a testimonial extreme right-wing magazine of little influence directed by Luis Fernandez Villamea.Present in all the Spanish provinces during the transition to democracy
Spanish transition to democracy
The Spanish transition to democracy was the era when Spain moved from the dictatorship of Francisco Franco to a liberal democratic state. The transition is usually said to have begun with Franco’s death on 20 November 1975, while its completion has been variously said to be marked by the Spanish...
, its message was one of fear to a subversion against Spain organized by the "interests of the Judeo-Masonic and communist hydra". The work of FN in favor of anti-Marxist and racist propaganda began in 1970 with the publication in its own publishing house of the book What is Communism?, although several other books had to do with previous conferences on the matter where socialism was explained from the ultra-Catholic view as an ideology inspired by the devil. It did not have any revisions explaining the certain falseness of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion nor in the introducing part of the Literature of the Holocaust, and based all its propaganda on the defense of the National-Catholic values urging "A New Crusade by the Mother country".
FN, implicated in political aggression and attacks to bookstores, created a youthful pick up group called Fuerza Joven (Young Force
Young Force
Young Force was the youth wing of the Spanish far-right nationalist party New Force .Although the organization was short-lived, it had amongst its ranks several individuals who would later figure as leaders of other Spanish far-right organizations, like José Luis Corral, leader of the Spanish...
). Through it, they passed numerous leaders of later attempts of neofascist unification like Jose Luis Corral, leader of the Spanish Catholic Movement, or Ricardo Sáenz de Ynestrillas, founder and ex-leader of "Alliance for National Unity".
Years later, FN reappeared refounded as Forward Spain (ADES). Also directed by Blas Piñar, ADES maintained the same goals as the political project of FN, that is to say, the resurrection of the form of the authoritarian state dictatorship from 1939 to 1975.
As years passed for New Force, the new project of Blas Piñar was repudiated by most of the neo-Nazi groups, especially skinheads. Nevertheless, its calls to take the streets in the occasion of celebrations like the 20th of November (the anniversary of the death of Francisco Franco) generally are seconded by most militants of the extreme right, including during the 1980s and 1990s numerous skinheads as well as fascist supporters of the older generations.