Frýdlant v Cechách
Encyclopedia
Frýdlant, sometimes cited also as Frýdlant v Čechách (ˈfriːdlant ˈf tʃɛxaːx; ) is a town in the Liberec District
of the Liberec Region
in the Czech Republic
. It has approximately 7,500 inhabitants and lies in the historic Bohemia
region on the outskirts of the Jizera Mountains
.
(Seidenberg) in Upper Lusatia
, held by the Bishops of Meissen
. The town was first mentioned in 1278, when the Bieberstein noble family was enfeoffed with Friedland-Seidenberg by King Ottokar II of Bohemia
and took their residence at Frýdlant Castle. Upon the extinction of the line in 1551, the lordship fell to the House of Redern.
Meanwhile the Kingdom of Bohemia
had become a part of the Habsburg Monarchy
. Christoph von Redern opposed Emperor Ferdinand II
during the Counter-Reformation
and after the Defenestration of Prague
was among the uprising Bohemian Protestant estates, who were defeated at the 1620 Battle of White Mountain
. Redern saved his life, but his lands were seized by the Emperor and given in reward to his General Albrecht von Wallenstein
, who titled himself "Duke of Friedland
" and took his residence at Jičín
. The nominal sovereignty of Friedland-Seidenberg was also revoked at this time.
In 1875, a railway line Liberec
- Frýdlant - Zawidów was put into operation. Lines to Mirsk
(Friedberg) and the Frýdlant–Heřmanice Railway to Zittau
followed soon. The new town hall was erected in 1893 according to plans by the Viennese
architect Franz Neumann.
castle with a high tower and a Renaissance
chateau. The castle had a museum as early as 1801 and today is one of the most visited in the Czech Republic
.
and NHL hockey player Ladislav Smid
.
, Germany Friedland, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany Friedland, Lower Saxony
, Germany Korfantów
(Friedland in Oberschlesien), Poland Mieroszów
(Friedland in Niederschlesien), Poland Pravdinsk
(Friedland in Ostpreußen), Russia
Liberec District
Liberec District is the district within the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. As its name implies, its administrative center is Liberec.-Complete list of towns and villages:Bílá -Bílý Kostel nad Nisou -Bílý Potok -...
of the Liberec Region
Liberec Region
Liberec Region is an administrative unit of the Czech Republic, located in the northernmost part of its historical region of Bohemia. Region borders with Saxony, and Poland...
in the Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
. It has approximately 7,500 inhabitants and lies in the historic Bohemia
Bohemia
Bohemia is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands. It is located in the contemporary Czech Republic with its capital in Prague...
region on the outskirts of the Jizera Mountains
Jizera Mountains
Jizera Mountains , or Izera Mountains, are part of the Western Sudetes on the border between the Czech Republic and Poland. The major part is formed from granite, with some areas formed from basalt. The mountains got their name from the Jizera River, which rises at the southern base of Smrk...
.
History
The area once belonged to the Lordship of ZawidówZawidów
Zawidów is a town in Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany...
(Seidenberg) in Upper Lusatia
Upper Lusatia
Upper Lusatia is a region a biggest part of which belongs to Saxony, a small eastern part belongs to Poland, the northern part to Brandenburg. In Saxony, Upper Lusatia comprises roughly the districts of Bautzen and Görlitz , in Brandenburg the southern part of district Oberspreewald-Lausitz...
, held by the Bishops of Meissen
Roman Catholic Diocese of Dresden-Meissen
The Diocese of Dresden-Meissen is a Diocese of Catholic Church in Germany. Founded as the Bishopric of Meissen in 968, it was dissolved in 1539 during the Protestant Reformation. The diocese was reestablished in 1921 and renamed Dresden-Meissen in 1980. The seat of the diocese is in Dresden and...
. The town was first mentioned in 1278, when the Bieberstein noble family was enfeoffed with Friedland-Seidenberg by King Ottokar II of Bohemia
Ottokar II of Bohemia
Ottokar II , called The Iron and Golden King, was the King of Bohemia from 1253 until 1278. He was the Duke of Austria , Styria , Carinthia and Carniola also....
and took their residence at Frýdlant Castle. Upon the extinction of the line in 1551, the lordship fell to the House of Redern.
Kingdom of Bohemia
The Kingdom of Bohemia was a country located in the region of Bohemia in Central Europe, most of whose territory is currently located in the modern-day Czech Republic. The King was Elector of Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, whereupon it became part of the Austrian Empire, and...
had become a part of the Habsburg Monarchy
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
. Christoph von Redern opposed Emperor Ferdinand II
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand II , a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor , King of Bohemia , and King of Hungary . His rule coincided with the Thirty Years' War.- Life :...
during the Counter-Reformation
Counter-Reformation
The Counter-Reformation was the period of Catholic revival beginning with the Council of Trent and ending at the close of the Thirty Years' War, 1648 as a response to the Protestant Reformation.The Counter-Reformation was a comprehensive effort, composed of four major elements:#Ecclesiastical or...
and after the Defenestration of Prague
Defenestrations of Prague
The Defenestrations of Prague were two incidents in the history of Bohemia. The first occurred in 1419 and the second in 1618, although the term "Defenestration of Prague" more commonly refers to the latter incident. Both helped to trigger prolonged conflict within Bohemia and beyond...
was among the uprising Bohemian Protestant estates, who were defeated at the 1620 Battle of White Mountain
Battle of White Mountain
The Battle of White Mountain, 8 November 1620 was an early battle in the Thirty Years' War in which an army of 30,000 Bohemians and mercenaries under Christian of Anhalt were routed by 27,000 men of the combined armies of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor under Charles Bonaventure de Longueval,...
. Redern saved his life, but his lands were seized by the Emperor and given in reward to his General Albrecht von Wallenstein
Albrecht von Wallenstein
Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von Wallenstein , actually von Waldstein, was a Bohemian soldier and politician, who offered his services, and an army of 30,000 to 100,000 men during the Danish period of the Thirty Years' War , to the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II...
, who titled himself "Duke of Friedland
Duchy of Friedland
Duchy of Friedland was a de-facto sovereign duchy in Bohemia. It was created in 1627 and disappeared in 1634, after death of the ruler, Albrecht von Wallenstein...
" and took his residence at Jičín
Jicín
Jičín is a town in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It lies approximately 85 km northeast of Prague in the scenic region of the Bohemian Paradise under the Prachov Rocks ....
. The nominal sovereignty of Friedland-Seidenberg was also revoked at this time.
In 1875, a railway line Liberec
Liberec
Liberec is a city in the Czech Republic. Located on the Lusatian Neisse and surrounded by the Jizera Mountains and Ještěd-Kozákov Ridge, it is the fifth-largest city in the Czech Republic....
- Frýdlant - Zawidów was put into operation. Lines to Mirsk
Mirsk
Mirsk is a town in Lwówek Śląski County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district called Gmina Mirsk, close to the Czech border...
(Friedberg) and the Frýdlant–Heřmanice Railway to Zittau
Zittau
Zittau is a city in the south east of the Free State of Saxony, Germany, close to the border tripoint of Germany, Poland, and the Czech Republic. , there are 28,638 people in the city. It is part of the Görlitz district....
followed soon. The new town hall was erected in 1893 according to plans by the Viennese
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
architect Franz Neumann.
Castle
In the 13th century the castle was held by the Ronovci House. It was first mentioned in 1278, when the Bohemian king Přemysl Otakar II removed the lordship from the Ronovci and gave it to Rulek of Bieberstein. The nowadays building consists of a GothicGothic architecture
Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture....
castle with a high tower and a Renaissance
Renaissance architecture
Renaissance architecture is the architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 17th centuries in different regions of Europe, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture. Stylistically, Renaissance...
chateau. The castle had a museum as early as 1801 and today is one of the most visited in the Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
.
Districts
Czech names, followed by German equivalents:- Albrechtice u Frýdlantu (Olbersdorf)
- Frýdlant (Friedland)
- Větrov (Ringenhain)
Notable people
Frýdlant is the birthplace of ski jumper Antonín HájekAntonín Hájek
Antonín Hájek is a ski jumper from the Czech Republic. His specialties include both individual ski jumping and ski flying.Hájek's best result in the World Cup is a 4th place in Tauplitz and Sapporo in 2010....
and NHL hockey player Ladislav Smid
Ladislav Smid
Ladislav "Laddy" Šmíd is a Czech professional ice hockey player currently playing for the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League .-Playing career:...
.
International relations
Frýdlant is part of the Friedliches Land (Peaceful Land) municipal association with: Frýdlant nad Ostravicí, Czech Republic Friedland, BrandenburgFriedland, Brandenburg
Friedland is a town in the Oder-Spree district, in Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated 8 km south of Beeskow, and 39 km north of Cottbus....
, Germany Friedland, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany Friedland, Lower Saxony
Friedland, Lower Saxony
Friedland is a municipality in the district of Göttingen, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Leine, approx. 13 km south of Göttingen. Its seat is in the village Groß Schneen.-References:...
, Germany Korfantów
Korfantów
Korfantów is a town in the Opole Voivodeship of Poland. It has a population of approximately 1,860 inhabitants. It is named after Wojciech Korfanty....
(Friedland in Oberschlesien), Poland Mieroszów
Mieroszów
Mieroszów is a town in Wałbrzych County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, near the border with the Czech Republic. It is the seat of the administrative district called Gmina Mieroszów. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany...
(Friedland in Niederschlesien), Poland Pravdinsk
Pravdinsk
Pravdinsk is a town and the administrative center of Pravdinsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Lava River, approximately east of Bagrationovsk...
(Friedland in Ostpreußen), Russia