Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 10th Duke of Alburquerque
Encyclopedia
Francisco V Fernández de la Cueva y Fernández de la Cueva, (Genoa
, Italy
, 17 November 1666 - Madrid
, Spain
, 28 June 1724) was 10th Duke of Alburquerque
, Grandee of Spain, a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece
since 1707, and viceroy of New Spain, Viceroy of Mexico, from 27 November 1702 to 14 January 1711.
He was the nephew of Francisco IV Fernández de la Cueva y Enríquez de Cabrera - Colonna, (* Barcelona
, 1618/1619 - † Madrid
, (Palacio Real) 27 March 1676), 8th Duque de Alburquerque and many other lesser titles, also a Viceroy of New Spain, (1653–1660), and Viceroy of Sicily, (1667–1670), and the son of the 9th Duke of Albuquerque, and many other lesser titles, the cadet brother of the 8th Duke, and inheritor of the titles, Melchor Fernández de la Cueva y Enríquez de Ribera-Colonna, (* Madrid, 2 March 1625 - † Madrid 12 October 1686).
His father, Melchor, the 9th Duke, had married in 1665 his niece Ana Rosolea Fernández de la Cueva y Díaz de Aux, , the 3rd marquise of Cadreita
, Navarre
, daughter of the 8th Duke of Albuquerque Francisco IV Fernández de la Cueva and Juana Francisca Díez de Aux y Armendáriz, herself daughter of Lope Díez de Armendáriz, Viceroy of Mexico (1635–1640).
This Spanish - Equatorian, Francisco Fernández de La Cueva y Fernandez de la Cueva, 10th Duke, was thus family connected through paternal and maternal links with 2 former Viceroys of New Spain, Viceroys of México, his uncle Francisco IV, the 8th Duke of Albuquerque and Lope Díez de Armendáriz.
He was captain general of the Kingdom of Granada
and captain general of the coast of Andalusia
.
he was informed of the establishment there of a French trading post dealing in black slaves. The French had received a concession of ten years. The new viceroy gave his approval.
He arrived in Chapultepec
in November, 1702 and made his formal entry into Mexico City
on December 8, 1702. He was a fervent support of the Bourbon monarchy and of King Philip V of Spain
, and he worked in New Spain to suppress any kind of discontent that could result in support for the Habsburg party.
This viceroy's administration was known for its luxury and magnificence. On January 6, 1703 the palace guards in the viceregal palace appeared in uniforms of the French mode for the first time, three-cornered hats and all. This attracted much attention, and fashions at the court and beyond quickly followed along the same lines. This was a fashion of luxury, starkly contrasted with the poverty of the majority of the people.
, 6 February 1684, 18 year old Juana de la Cerda y de Aragón-Moncada, (* Puerto de Santa María, 27 March 1664 - † Madrid
28] June 1724, a daughter of Juan Francisco II Tomás Lorenzo de la Cerda 8th Duke of Medinaceli
, 8 Duke of Alcalá de los Gazules
, a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece
, and many other lesser titles.
Their first son, inheritor of the titles, was named Francisco VI Fernández de la Cueva y de las Cerda, (* Madrid
28 September 1692 - † Hortaleza
, 23. June 1757), 11th Duke of Alburquerque and many other lesser titles , who married in 1734 Agustina Ramona de Silva y de los Ríos , a.k.a. María Agustina de Silva y Mendoza, deceased 10 years later, a daughter of Juan de Dios de Silva y Mendoza,(1672–1737), 10th Duque del Infantado, and Maria Teresa, a daughter of Francisco Domingo Gutiérrez de los Ríos, from Cordoba and Ambassador in France.
He also worked hard to provide financial aid to the Bourbons in the Spanish War of Succession. He demanded that the clergy turn over one tenth of their rents to the government. The archbishop strongly objected. When Fernández de La Cueva's term in office was extended, in gratitude he remitted two million pesos to the Crown. To raise this money, he resorted to shady methods, such as selling government positions. His remissions to Spain were so large that the government found itself unable to pay many police and other employees, and they were laid off. The streets and highways became infested with brigands.
In 1704 the viceroy suppressed a rebellion of the Pima
Indians in Nueva Vizcaya
, using bloody methods. The Indians were terrorized and submitted, but in the long run this was a bad result for the Spanish. The Indians became distrustful and resisted evangelization and integration into the society of the viceroyalty.
) was founded. Also in 1709 the Church of Santa María de Guadalupe was established.
In spite of his faults, Fernández de La Cueva had a reputation as an affable, moderate and capable governor who maintained tranquility and security in the viceroyalty. He turned over the government around January 1711 to his successor till around August 1716, Fernando de Alencastre Noroña y Silva, duque de Linares, marqués de Valdefuentes (c. 1641, Spain—June 3, 1717, Mexico City) wa He also served as viceroy of New Spain, from January 15, 1711 to August 15, 1716.
Afterwards, he returned to Spain during 1711, dying in Madrid
in June 1724, aged 57.
"Acordada, La," Enciclopedia de México, v. 1. Mexico City, 1988. "Fernández de La Cueva Enríquez, Francisco," Enciclopedia de México, v. 5. Mexico City, 1988.
Genoa
Genoa |Ligurian]] Zena ; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria....
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, 17 November 1666 - Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
, 28 June 1724) was 10th Duke of Alburquerque
Duke of Alburquerque
For the Portuguese title: see Duke of Albuquerque .For the Spanish title: Duke of Alburquerque may refer to:*Beltrán de la Cueva, 1st Duke of Alburquerque*Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 2nd Duke of Alburquerque...
, Grandee of Spain, a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece
Order of the Golden Fleece
The Order of the Golden Fleece is an order of chivalry founded in Bruges by Philip III, Duke of Burgundy in 1430, to celebrate his marriage to the Portuguese princess Infanta Isabella of Portugal, daughter of King John I of Portugal. It evolved as one of the most prestigious orders in Europe...
since 1707, and viceroy of New Spain, Viceroy of Mexico, from 27 November 1702 to 14 January 1711.
He was the nephew of Francisco IV Fernández de la Cueva y Enríquez de Cabrera - Colonna, (* Barcelona
Barcelona
Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...
, 1618/1619 - † Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, (Palacio Real) 27 March 1676), 8th Duque de Alburquerque and many other lesser titles, also a Viceroy of New Spain, (1653–1660), and Viceroy of Sicily, (1667–1670), and the son of the 9th Duke of Albuquerque, and many other lesser titles, the cadet brother of the 8th Duke, and inheritor of the titles, Melchor Fernández de la Cueva y Enríquez de Ribera-Colonna, (* Madrid, 2 March 1625 - † Madrid 12 October 1686).
His father, Melchor, the 9th Duke, had married in 1665 his niece Ana Rosolea Fernández de la Cueva y Díaz de Aux, , the 3rd marquise of Cadreita
Cadreita
Cadreita is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.-External links:*...
, Navarre
Navarre
Navarre , officially the Chartered Community of Navarre is an autonomous community in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Country, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and Aquitaine in France...
, daughter of the 8th Duke of Albuquerque Francisco IV Fernández de la Cueva and Juana Francisca Díez de Aux y Armendáriz, herself daughter of Lope Díez de Armendáriz, Viceroy of Mexico (1635–1640).
This Spanish - Equatorian, Francisco Fernández de La Cueva y Fernandez de la Cueva, 10th Duke, was thus family connected through paternal and maternal links with 2 former Viceroys of New Spain, Viceroys of México, his uncle Francisco IV, the 8th Duke of Albuquerque and Lope Díez de Armendáriz.
He was captain general of the Kingdom of Granada
Granada
Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains, at the confluence of three rivers, the Beiro, the Darro and the Genil. It sits at an elevation of 738 metres above sea...
and captain general of the coast of Andalusia
Andalusia
Andalusia is the most populous and the second largest in area of the autonomous communities of Spain. The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a nationality of Spain. The territory is divided into eight provinces: Huelva, Seville, Cádiz, Córdoba, Málaga, Jaén, Granada and...
.
His administration
Upon his arrival in VeracruzVeracruz
Veracruz, formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave , is one of the 31 states that, along with the Federal District, comprise the 32 federative entities of Mexico. It is divided in 212 municipalities and its capital city is...
he was informed of the establishment there of a French trading post dealing in black slaves. The French had received a concession of ten years. The new viceroy gave his approval.
He arrived in Chapultepec
Chapultepec
Chapultepec Park, more commonly called the "Bosque de Chapultepec" in Mexico City, is the largest city park in Latin America, measuring in total just over 686 hectares. Centered on a rock formation called Chapultepec Hill, one of the park's main functions is to be an ecological space in the vast...
in November, 1702 and made his formal entry into Mexico City
Mexico City
Mexico City is the Federal District , capital of Mexico and seat of the federal powers of the Mexican Union. It is a federal entity within Mexico which is not part of any one of the 31 Mexican states but belongs to the federation as a whole...
on December 8, 1702. He was a fervent support of the Bourbon monarchy and of King Philip V of Spain
Philip V of Spain
Philip V was King of Spain from 15 November 1700 to 15 January 1724, when he abdicated in favor of his son Louis, and from 6 September 1724, when he assumed the throne again upon his son's death, to his death.Before his reign, Philip occupied an exalted place in the royal family of France as a...
, and he worked in New Spain to suppress any kind of discontent that could result in support for the Habsburg party.
This viceroy's administration was known for its luxury and magnificence. On January 6, 1703 the palace guards in the viceregal palace appeared in uniforms of the French mode for the first time, three-cornered hats and all. This attracted much attention, and fashions at the court and beyond quickly followed along the same lines. This was a fashion of luxury, starkly contrasted with the poverty of the majority of the people.
Marriage
He married in MadridMadrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, 6 February 1684, 18 year old Juana de la Cerda y de Aragón-Moncada, (* Puerto de Santa María, 27 March 1664 - † Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
28] June 1724, a daughter of Juan Francisco II Tomás Lorenzo de la Cerda 8th Duke of Medinaceli
Medinaceli
Medinaceli is a municipality and town in the province of Soria . Its name derives from the Arabic toponym madīnat sālim . The town is named after one Salim bin Waral, head of a Masmuda Berber family which settled there in the 8th century....
, 8 Duke of Alcalá de los Gazules
Alcalá de los Gazules
Alcalá de los Gazules is a city located in the province of Cádiz, Spain. According to the 2006 census, the town has a population of 5,633 inhabitants...
, a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece
Order of the Golden Fleece
The Order of the Golden Fleece is an order of chivalry founded in Bruges by Philip III, Duke of Burgundy in 1430, to celebrate his marriage to the Portuguese princess Infanta Isabella of Portugal, daughter of King John I of Portugal. It evolved as one of the most prestigious orders in Europe...
, and many other lesser titles.
Their first son, inheritor of the titles, was named Francisco VI Fernández de la Cueva y de las Cerda, (* Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
28 September 1692 - † Hortaleza
Hortaleza
Hortaleza is one of the 21 districts of the city of Madrid, Spain.-Subdivision:The district is administratively divided into 6 wards :*Apóstol Santiago*Canillas*Palomas*Pinar del Rey*Piovera*Valdefuentes...
, 23. June 1757), 11th Duke of Alburquerque and many other lesser titles , who married in 1734 Agustina Ramona de Silva y de los Ríos , a.k.a. María Agustina de Silva y Mendoza, deceased 10 years later, a daughter of Juan de Dios de Silva y Mendoza,(1672–1737), 10th Duque del Infantado, and Maria Teresa, a daughter of Francisco Domingo Gutiérrez de los Ríos, from Cordoba and Ambassador in France.
Military affairs
Fernández de La Cueva repaired and expanded the armada of Barlovento (coast guard) so that it could attack pirates. He devoted much of the armed forces to dislodging the English and Dutch from the coast of the Seno Mexicano (Gulf coast). He sent reinforcements and supplies to Saint Augustine, Florida, which was besieged by the English. He confiscated the property of the English and Dutch, and used the proceeds to fend off their incursions. He worked to protect the newly established Jesuit missions in California.He also worked hard to provide financial aid to the Bourbons in the Spanish War of Succession. He demanded that the clergy turn over one tenth of their rents to the government. The archbishop strongly objected. When Fernández de La Cueva's term in office was extended, in gratitude he remitted two million pesos to the Crown. To raise this money, he resorted to shady methods, such as selling government positions. His remissions to Spain were so large that the government found itself unable to pay many police and other employees, and they were laid off. The streets and highways became infested with brigands.
Crime and rebellion
In 1701 the Tribunal de la Acordada (literally, Court of Agreement) was founded. It received this name as the result of a proposal agreed to by the Audiencia. It was an organization of volunteers intended to capture and quickly try bandits. From its creation to the beginning of the Mexican War of Independence in 1810, the Acordada delivered 57,500 verdicts to 62,850 accused. Of those, 35,058 were freed, 888 were hung, 1,729 were whipped; 19,410 were sentenced to prison for one or two years and 263 to labor on public works; 777 were banished to camps in the north, and the remainder were sent on to regular judges. Three hundred forty died in hospitals and 1,280 in prison.In 1704 the viceroy suppressed a rebellion of the Pima
Pima
The Pima are a group of American Indians living in an area consisting of what is now central and southern Arizona. The long name, "Akimel O'odham", means "river people". They are closely related to the Tohono O'odham and the Hia C-ed O'odham...
Indians in Nueva Vizcaya
Nueva Vizcaya
Nueva Vizcaya is a province of the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital is Bayombong. It is bordered by, clockwise from the north, Ifugao, Isabela, Quirino, Aurora, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, and Benguet.-History, people and culture:The name was derived from the...
, using bloody methods. The Indians were terrorized and submitted, but in the long run this was a bad result for the Spanish. The Indians became distrustful and resisted evangelization and integration into the society of the viceroyalty.
Reputation
On October 12, 1709 San Francisco de Cuéllar (now the city of ChihuahuaChihuahua, Chihuahua
The city of Chihuahua is the state capital of the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It has a population of about 825,327. The predominant activity is industry, including domestic heavy, light industries, consumer goods production, and to a smaller extent maquiladoras.-History:It has been said that the...
) was founded. Also in 1709 the Church of Santa María de Guadalupe was established.
In spite of his faults, Fernández de La Cueva had a reputation as an affable, moderate and capable governor who maintained tranquility and security in the viceroyalty. He turned over the government around January 1711 to his successor till around August 1716, Fernando de Alencastre Noroña y Silva, duque de Linares, marqués de Valdefuentes (c. 1641, Spain—June 3, 1717, Mexico City) wa He also served as viceroy of New Spain, from January 15, 1711 to August 15, 1716.
Afterwards, he returned to Spain during 1711, dying in Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
in June 1724, aged 57.
Sources
- Rosenmüller, Christoph. Patrons, Partisans, and Palace Intrigues: The Court Society of Colonial Mexico, 1702–1710.Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 2008.
"Acordada, La," Enciclopedia de México, v. 1. Mexico City, 1988. "Fernández de La Cueva Enríquez, Francisco," Enciclopedia de México, v. 5. Mexico City, 1988.