Fourth Aliyah
Encyclopedia
The Fourth Aliyah refers to the fourth wave of the Jewish immigration to Israel
from Europe
and Asia
who came based on Zionist motives between the years 1924 and 1928.
A big immigration wave that began in 1924 and continued during two years, brought a rapid urban development mainly in Tel Aviv
which absorbed a considerable amount of the immigrants. But during the years 1926 - 1927 an economic crisis occurred in the country, from the toughest which the Jewish settlement had during the period of the British mandate, and in spite of the economic comeback between the years 1928 - 1929, the crisis was identified with all of the period of the Fourth immigration. In the period of the crisis about 23,000 immigrants decided to leave the country.
In the fourth Aliyah about 80,000 immigrantscame to the Land of Israel, mainly from the countries of eastern Europe
, half of the immigrants from Poland
and the rest from USSR, Romania
and Lithuania
. In addition to that 12% of all immigrants were from Asia
, mainly Yemen
and Iraq
. From the rest of Europe and America there were only a few immigrants. Due to the 10,000 immigrants who left the Land of Israel during those years, the contribution of the immigrants who stayed in the Jewish settlement in those years was very important and decisive.
throughout Europe
. The restrictive immigration quota
s and laws of the United States
kept Jews out. This group contained many middle class
families that moved to the growing cities, establishing small businesses and light industry.
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
from Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
and Asia
Asia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
who came based on Zionist motives between the years 1924 and 1928.
The character of the Fourth Aliyah
Since 1924 the character and the composition of the immigration to the Land of Israel changed, and even though this immigration wave was very close to the previous immigration wave, it has been categorized as separate.A big immigration wave that began in 1924 and continued during two years, brought a rapid urban development mainly in Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv , officially Tel Aviv-Yafo , is the second most populous city in Israel, with a population of 404,400 on a land area of . The city is located on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline in west-central Israel. It is the largest and most populous city in the metropolitan area of Gush Dan, with...
which absorbed a considerable amount of the immigrants. But during the years 1926 - 1927 an economic crisis occurred in the country, from the toughest which the Jewish settlement had during the period of the British mandate, and in spite of the economic comeback between the years 1928 - 1929, the crisis was identified with all of the period of the Fourth immigration. In the period of the crisis about 23,000 immigrants decided to leave the country.
In the fourth Aliyah about 80,000 immigrantscame to the Land of Israel, mainly from the countries of eastern Europe
Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is the eastern part of Europe. The term has widely disparate geopolitical, geographical, cultural and socioeconomic readings, which makes it highly context-dependent and even volatile, and there are "almost as many definitions of Eastern Europe as there are scholars of the region"...
, half of the immigrants from Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
and the rest from USSR, Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
and Lithuania
Lithuania
Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
. In addition to that 12% of all immigrants were from Asia
Asia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
, mainly Yemen
Yemen
The Republic of Yemen , commonly known as Yemen , is a country located in the Middle East, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east....
and Iraq
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
. From the rest of Europe and America there were only a few immigrants. Due to the 10,000 immigrants who left the Land of Israel during those years, the contribution of the immigrants who stayed in the Jewish settlement in those years was very important and decisive.
The causes for the Immigration
Many of the new Jewish immigrants whom arrived during this period, came as a result of increasing Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism
Antisemitism is suspicion of, hatred toward, or discrimination against Jews for reasons connected to their Jewish heritage. According to a 2005 U.S...
throughout Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
. The restrictive immigration quota
Emergency Quota Act
The Emergency Quota Act, also known as the Emergency Immigration Act of 1921, the Immigration Restriction Act of 1921, the Per Centum Law, and the Johnson Quota Act restricted immigration into the United States...
s and laws of the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
kept Jews out. This group contained many middle class
Middle class
The middle class is any class of people in the middle of a societal hierarchy. In Weberian socio-economic terms, the middle class is the broad group of people in contemporary society who fall socio-economically between the working class and upper class....
families that moved to the growing cities, establishing small businesses and light industry.