For Brazil to keep on changing
Encyclopedia
For Brazil to keep on changing is the name of an electoral coalition formed around the democratic socialist Workers' Party
(PT) in Brazil
for the 2010 presidential election
. It comprised ten parties from the left and center spectrums
: PT, PMDB, PCdoB
, PDT
, PRB
, PR
, PSB
, PSC
, PTC
and PTN
. On October 14, they were unofficially joined by PP
. Its presidential candidate was Dilma Rousseff
from PT and the vice-presidential candidate was Michel Temer
from PMDB. They were finally elected on October 31, 2010.
On October 3, Rousseff received the plurality of votes at the presidential election. Achieving over 47 million votes, she became the top voted female in the Americas. However, according to Brazilian law, she had to face a run-off against the second top voted candidate – José Serra
from PSDB – on October 31, once she was not able to get more than 50% of the unspoilt votes, therefore the majority
of votes.
At the parliamentary election
held that same day, the For Brazil to keep on changing coalition gained control of 352 out of the 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies
, as well as 54 out of the 81 seats in the Federal Senate
. This will grant Rousseff a broad majority in both houses which the latter PT administration, led by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
, never had. The coalition was also able to elect 11 out of the 18 governor seats defined in the first round. It gained control of five further governorships on October 31 among the ten states which had a run-off voting.
The same election also saw a major decrease in the number of seats controlled by the centre-right opposition, which gathered around the Brazil can do more
coalition, led by former São Paulo
Governor José Serra. It shrank from 133 to 111 deputies and from 38 to 27 Senators. It elected 7 out of the 18 governor seats defined on October 3, gaining control of four more on October 31. On the other hand, the left-wing opposition, formed by PSOL
, a dissidence of PT, retained control of its three seats in the Chamber and gained one in the Senate.
On the second round, the For Brazil to keep on changing coalition received the support of PP, which had remained neutral in the first round, although most
of its directories had already supported Rousseff. PSOL instructed its members not to give any votes to Serra. While its presidential candidate Plínio de Arruda Sampaio
advocated the null voting, the party's Congressmen advocated the "critical vote" on Rousseff.
until August 2011:
However, with the dismissal of Nelson Jobim
, former Minister of Defense
, on August 4, 2011, the PT presence in the Dilma cabinet increased to almost 45%, while the PMDB presence was reduced to 13.5%. This happened because Rousseff named Celso Amorim
, a PT member, to replace Jobim.
, which was pressured and ended up resigning on July 6, PR announced that it would no longer be part of the ruling coalition. In addition to that, the Green Party
(PV), which launched the candidacy of Marina Silva
for President in 2010, announced its adhesion to the coalition on the following day. Silva had left PV on July 2011.
Workers' Party (Brazil)
The Workers' Party is a democratic socialist political party in Brazil. Launched in 1980, it is recognized as one of the largest and most important left-wing movements of Latin America. It governs at the federal level in a coalition government with several other parties since January 1, 2003...
(PT) in Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
for the 2010 presidential election
Brazilian presidential election, 2010
The Brazilian presidential election was held in 2010 with two rounds of balloting. The first round was held on October 3 along with other elections as part of the 2010 general election...
. It comprised ten parties from the left and center spectrums
Centrism
In politics, centrism is the ideal or the practice of promoting policies that lie different from the standard political left and political right. Most commonly, this is visualized as part of the one-dimensional political spectrum of left-right politics, with centrism landing in the middle between...
: PT, PMDB, PCdoB
Communist Party of Brazil
The Communist Party of Brazil is a political party in Brazil. It has national reach and deep penetration in the trade union and students movements. PCdoB dispute with the Brazilian Communist Party the title of "oldest political party in Brazil"...
, PDT
Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)
The Democratic Labour Party is a populist, democratic socialist political party of Brazil. It was founded in 1979 by left-wing leader Leonel Brizola as an attempt to reorganize the Brazilian leftist forces during the end of the Brazilian military dictatorship...
, PRB
Brazilian Republican Party
The Brazilian Republican Party is a Brazilian political party. Its electoral number is 10 and it became a registered political party on August 25, 2005. The Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus uses the party to elect its bishops in Brazilian elections...
, PR
Republic Party
The Republic Party is a centrist Brazilian political party.It was founded on December 21, 2006 by the merge of the Liberal Party and the Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order .It is likely that in the future two other parties, the Social Christian Party The Republic Party (Partido da...
, PSB
Brazilian Socialist Party
The Brazilian Socialist Party , is a political party in Brazil. It was founded in 1947, before being abolished by the military regime in 1965 and re-organized in 1985 with the re-democratization of Brazil. It elected six Governors in 2010, becoming the second largest party in number of state...
, PSC
Social Christian Party (Brazil)
The Social Christian Party is a Christian-democratic political party in Brazil.At the legislative elections, 6 October 2002, the party won 1 out of 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and no seats in the Senate. At the legislative elections of October 1, 2006, the party won 9 seats in the...
, PTC
Christian Labour Party
The Christian Labour Party is a christian-conservative political party in Brazil.The party was founded in 1985 as Youth Party by Daniel Tourinho, a brazilian lawyer...
and PTN
National Labour Party (Brazil)
The National Labour Party is a tiny populist-centrist Brazilian political party originally founded in 1945.It was founded by dissidents from the Brazilian Labor Party in 1945, and supported the winning candidacy of Jânio Quadros in 1960. It was abolished by the military regime in 1965.It was...
. On October 14, they were unofficially joined by PP
Progressive Party (Brazil)
The Progressive party is a centre-right Brazilian political party embracing conservatism and elements of populism and liberalism....
. Its presidential candidate was Dilma Rousseff
Dilma Rousseff
Dilma Vana Rousseff is the 36th and current President of Brazil. She is the first woman to hold the office. Prior to that, in 2005, she was also the first woman to become Chief of Staff of Brazil, appointed by then President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva....
from PT and the vice-presidential candidate was Michel Temer
Michel Temer
Michel Miguel Elias Temer Lulia , better known as Michel Temer, is a Brazilian lawyer and politician, and currently the Vice-President of Brazil after winning on the ticket of Workers' Party candidate Dilma Rousseff...
from PMDB. They were finally elected on October 31, 2010.
On October 3, Rousseff received the plurality of votes at the presidential election. Achieving over 47 million votes, she became the top voted female in the Americas. However, according to Brazilian law, she had to face a run-off against the second top voted candidate – José Serra
José Serra
José Serra is a Brazilian politician, former secretary of state, congressman, senator, minister of Planning and Minister of Health, mayor of São Paulo and Governor of São Paulo state.-Background:...
from PSDB – on October 31, once she was not able to get more than 50% of the unspoilt votes, therefore the majority
Majority
A majority is a subset of a group consisting of more than half of its members. This can be compared to a plurality, which is a subset larger than any other subset; i.e. a plurality is not necessarily a majority as the largest subset may consist of less than half the group's population...
of votes.
At the parliamentary election
Brazilian parliamentary election, 2010
The 2010 Brazilian parliamentary election was held on Sunday, October 3, as part of the country's general election. In the date, 54 of the 81 seats in the Federal Senate and all 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies were up for election....
held that same day, the For Brazil to keep on changing coalition gained control of 352 out of the 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies
Chamber of Deputies of Brazil
The Chamber of Deputies of Brazil is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. As of 2006, the chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms...
, as well as 54 out of the 81 seats in the Federal Senate
Senate of Brazil
The Federal Senate of Brazil is the upper house of the National Congress of Brazil. Created by the first Constitution of the Brazilian Empire in 1824, it was inspired by the United Kingdom's House of Lords, but with the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889 it became closer to the United States...
. This will grant Rousseff a broad majority in both houses which the latter PT administration, led by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva , known popularly as Lula, served as the 35th President of Brazil from 2003 to 2010.A founding member of the Workers' Party , he ran for President three times unsuccessfully, first in the 1989 election. Lula achieved victory in the 2002 election, and was inaugurated as...
, never had. The coalition was also able to elect 11 out of the 18 governor seats defined in the first round. It gained control of five further governorships on October 31 among the ten states which had a run-off voting.
The same election also saw a major decrease in the number of seats controlled by the centre-right opposition, which gathered around the Brazil can do more
Brazil can do more
Brazil can do more is the name of a centre-right electoral coalition in Brazil formed around the Third Way Brazilian Social Democratic Party for the 2010 presidential election. It is formed by six parties: PSDB, DEM, PTB, PPS, PMN and PTdoB...
coalition, led by former São Paulo
São Paulo (state)
São Paulo is a state in Brazil. It is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the Brazilian economy. Named after Saint Paul, São Paulo has the largest population, industrial complex, and economic production in the country. It is the richest state in Brazil...
Governor José Serra. It shrank from 133 to 111 deputies and from 38 to 27 Senators. It elected 7 out of the 18 governor seats defined on October 3, gaining control of four more on October 31. On the other hand, the left-wing opposition, formed by PSOL
Socialism and Freedom Party
The Socialism and Freedom Party is a Brazilian political party . Among the party leaders are Heloísa Helena , federal deputies Luciana Genro and Babá , and a number of well-known Brazilian left-wing leaders and intellectuals, such as Milton Temer, Carlos Nelson Coutinho, Ricardo Antunes,...
, a dissidence of PT, retained control of its three seats in the Chamber and gained one in the Senate.
On the second round, the For Brazil to keep on changing coalition received the support of PP, which had remained neutral in the first round, although most
of its directories had already supported Rousseff. PSOL instructed its members not to give any votes to Serra. While its presidential candidate Plínio de Arruda Sampaio
Plínio de Arruda Sampaio
Plínio Soares de Arruda Sampaio is an intellectual and Brazilian political activist, currently affiliated to Partido Socialismo e Liberdade and candidate for the presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil in 2010....
advocated the null voting, the party's Congressmen advocated the "critical vote" on Rousseff.
Election results
| Presidential election Brazilian presidential election, 2010 The Brazilian presidential election was held in 2010 with two rounds of balloting. The first round was held on October 3 along with other elections as part of the 2010 general election... |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Round | Candidate | Running mate | Votes | % |
| 1st | Dilma Dilma Rousseff Dilma Vana Rousseff is the 36th and current President of Brazil. She is the first woman to hold the office. Prior to that, in 2005, she was also the first woman to become Chief of Staff of Brazil, appointed by then President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.... |
Michel Temer Michel Temer Michel Miguel Elias Temer Lulia , better known as Michel Temer, is a Brazilian lawyer and politician, and currently the Vice-President of Brazil after winning on the ticket of Workers' Party candidate Dilma Rousseff... |
47,651,434 | 46.9% |
| 2nd | 55,752,483 | 56.0% |
| Parliamentary election Brazilian parliamentary election, 2010 The 2010 Brazilian parliamentary election was held on Sunday, October 3, as part of the country's general election. In the date, 54 of the 81 seats in the Federal Senate and all 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies were up for election.... * |
|
|---|---|
| Seats in the Chamber Chamber of Deputies of Brazil The Chamber of Deputies of Brazil is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. As of 2006, the chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms... : |
|
| Seats in the Senate Senate of Brazil The Federal Senate of Brazil is the upper house of the National Congress of Brazil. Created by the first Constitution of the Brazilian Empire in 1824, it was inspired by the United Kingdom's House of Lords, but with the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889 it became closer to the United States... : |
|
| (*) Considering PP's results | |
| Gubernatiorial elections Brazilian gubernatorial elections, 2010 The Brazilian gubernatorial elections, 2010 will be held on Sunday, October 3, as part of the country's general election. In these elections, all 26 Brazilian states and the Federal District governorships will be up for election. If none of the candidates receives more than a half of the valid... |
|---|
Dilma cabinet
On December 22, 2010, Rousseff appointed all 38 members of her cabinet. She handed out offices to six out of the ten political parties that formed the For Brazil to keep on changing coalition, in addition to PP. The composition of the Dilma cabinet had the following party representation from her inaugurationInauguration of Dilma Rousseff
The inauguration of Dilma Rousseff as the 36th President of Brazil took place on Saturday, January 1, 2011. This inauguration marked the commencement of the four-year term of Dilma Rousseff as President and Michel Temer as Vice President. The event had been awaited with some expectation, since...
until August 2011:
| Party | Number of offices | Proportion |
|---|---|---|
| PT | 16 | 42.1% |
| Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do... s |
10 | 26.3% |
| PMDB | 6 | 15.8% |
| PSB | 2 | 5.3% |
| PCdoB | 1 | 2.6% |
| PDT | 1 | 2.6% |
| PP | 1 | 2.6% |
| PR | 1 | 2.6% |
However, with the dismissal of Nelson Jobim
Nelson Jobim
Nelson Azevedo Jobim is a Brazilian jurist and politician. He served as the Minister of Defense of Brazil from 2007-2011. He is a distant relative of musician Antonio Carlos Jobim.-Early life:...
, former Minister of Defense
Ministry of Defence (Brazil)
The Ministry of Defence of Brazil, is the civilian cabinet organization responsible for managing the Military of Brazil. It is headed by the Minister of Defence....
, on August 4, 2011, the PT presence in the Dilma cabinet increased to almost 45%, while the PMDB presence was reduced to 13.5%. This happened because Rousseff named Celso Amorim
Celso Amorim
Celso Luiz Nunes Amorim is a Brazilian diplomat who has been Minister of Defence since August 2011. Amorim was the Minister of Foreign Relations from 1993 to 1995 under President Itamar Franco and again from 2003 to 2011 under President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.Before his appointment by Lula,...
, a PT member, to replace Jobim.
Departure of PR
On August 16, 2011, after a series of anti-corruption purges conducted by Rousseff on the PR-controlled Ministry of Transportation, including the dismissal of Minister Alfredo NascimentoAlfredo Nascimento
Alfredo Nascimento is Brazil's minister of Transport. He is a member of the Republic Party. He has occasionally been at odds with environmental minister Carlos Minc over projects in Amazonas and Rondônia.- References :...
, which was pressured and ended up resigning on July 6, PR announced that it would no longer be part of the ruling coalition. In addition to that, the Green Party
Green Party (Brazil)
The Brazilian Green Party was constituted after the military dictatorship period and, like other Green Parties around the world, is committed to establishing a set of policies on ensuring social-democracy and sustainable development...
(PV), which launched the candidacy of Marina Silva
Marina Silva
Maria Osmarina Marina Silva Vaz de Lima is a Brazilian environmentalist and politician. Ms. Silva was a colleague of Chico Mendes, who was assassinated for defending the Amazon environment. She was a member of the Partido dos Trabalhadores until August 19, 2009 and served as a senator before...
for President in 2010, announced its adhesion to the coalition on the following day. Silva had left PV on July 2011.