Filipp Makharadze
Encyclopedia
Filipp Makaradze (1868–1941)
was a Bolshevik revolutionary and government official.
, Georgia
), he studied at the Theological Seminary in Tbilisi
and later graduated from the Veterinary Institute of Warsaw
(Poland). He joined the Social Democratic movement in 1891 and participated in activities in Georgia and Azerbaijan
. In 1903, he joined the Caucasian Joint Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
and played an active role in the 1905 Revolution in the Caucasus; he was allegedly involved in the assassination of the prominent Georgian public figure Ilia Chavchavadze in 1907. In 1907-1915, he led various Bolshevik
groups in Transcaucasia and, after the February Revolution, he co-founded the Tbilisi Soviet of Workers’ Deputies. In April 1917, he was elected as a delegate to the 7th RSDRP(B) Conference and served in the Bolshevik Caucasian Region Committee. In 1919-1920, he led Bolshevik groups resisting the Menshevik
government of independent Georgia
. After the Soviet takeover of Georgia, he became chairman of the Georgian Revolutionary Committee in February 1921 and then directed the Georgian Central Executive Committee. In 1922, Makharadze was involved in the Georgian Affair
and opposed Sergo Ordzhonikidze’s designs in respect to Georgia.
Over the next decade, Makharadze headed the Transcaucasian SFSR
Gosplan, the Georgian Council of People’s Commissars and the Transcaucasian SFSR Central Executive Committee. In 1938, he became the Chairman of the Presidium of Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR and later rose to the position of deputy presidium
chairman of the USSR Supreme Soviet. He attended the 12-18th Congresses of the Communist Party and directed the Institute of Marxism-Leninism. During his political career, Makharadze also authored a number of works, including monographs on Alexander Pushkin and Maxim Gorky
, and books on history of the Bolshevik revolutionary movement in Transcaucasia (1927), on the Soviets and the struggle for Soviet power in Georgia (1928), on history of Georgia in the 19th Century (1932), and history of the workers’ and peasants’ movement in Georgia (1932).
was a Bolshevik revolutionary and government official.
Life
Born in the village of Shemokmedi (GuriaGuria
Guria is a region in Georgia, in the western part of the country, bordered by the eastern end of the Black Sea. The region has a population of 143,357 and Ozurgeti is a regional capital.-Geography:...
, Georgia
Georgia (country)
Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...
), he studied at the Theological Seminary in Tbilisi
Tbilisi
Tbilisi is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari River. The name is derived from an early Georgian form T'pilisi and it was officially known as Tiflis until 1936...
and later graduated from the Veterinary Institute of Warsaw
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
(Poland). He joined the Social Democratic movement in 1891 and participated in activities in Georgia and Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to...
. In 1903, he joined the Caucasian Joint Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party , also known as Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party or Russian Social Democratic Party, was a revolutionary socialist Russian political party formed in 1898 in Minsk to unite the various revolutionary organizations into one party...
and played an active role in the 1905 Revolution in the Caucasus; he was allegedly involved in the assassination of the prominent Georgian public figure Ilia Chavchavadze in 1907. In 1907-1915, he led various Bolshevik
Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists , derived from bol'shinstvo, "majority") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903....
groups in Transcaucasia and, after the February Revolution, he co-founded the Tbilisi Soviet of Workers’ Deputies. In April 1917, he was elected as a delegate to the 7th RSDRP(B) Conference and served in the Bolshevik Caucasian Region Committee. In 1919-1920, he led Bolshevik groups resisting the Menshevik
Menshevik
The Mensheviks were a faction of the Russian revolutionary movement that emerged in 1904 after a dispute between Vladimir Lenin and Julius Martov, both members of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party. The dispute originated at the Second Congress of that party, ostensibly over minor issues...
government of independent Georgia
Democratic Republic of Georgia
The Democratic Republic of Georgia , 1918–1921, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of Georgia.The DRG was created after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917...
. After the Soviet takeover of Georgia, he became chairman of the Georgian Revolutionary Committee in February 1921 and then directed the Georgian Central Executive Committee. In 1922, Makharadze was involved in the Georgian Affair
Georgian Affair
The Georgian Affair of 1922 was a political conflict within the Soviet leadership about the way in which social and political transformation was to be achieved in the Georgian SSR...
and opposed Sergo Ordzhonikidze’s designs in respect to Georgia.
Over the next decade, Makharadze headed the Transcaucasian SFSR
Transcaucasian SFSR
The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic , also known as the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Transcaucasian SFSR and the TSFSR for short, was a short-lived republic of the Soviet Union, lasting from 1922 to 1936...
Gosplan, the Georgian Council of People’s Commissars and the Transcaucasian SFSR Central Executive Committee. In 1938, he became the Chairman of the Presidium of Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR and later rose to the position of deputy presidium
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was a Soviet governmental institution – a permanent body of the Supreme Soviets . This body was of the all-Union level , as well as in all Soviet republics and autonomous republics...
chairman of the USSR Supreme Soviet. He attended the 12-18th Congresses of the Communist Party and directed the Institute of Marxism-Leninism. During his political career, Makharadze also authored a number of works, including monographs on Alexander Pushkin and Maxim Gorky
Maxim Gorky
Alexei Maximovich Peshkov , primarily known as Maxim Gorky , was a Russian and Soviet author, a founder of the Socialist Realism literary method and a political activist.-Early years:...
, and books on history of the Bolshevik revolutionary movement in Transcaucasia (1927), on the Soviets and the struggle for Soviet power in Georgia (1928), on history of Georgia in the 19th Century (1932), and history of the workers’ and peasants’ movement in Georgia (1932).