Ferenc A. Váli
Encyclopedia
Ferenc A. Váli was a Hungarian lawyer, author, and political analyst specialising in International Law
. He was born in 1905 in Budapest
, Hungary
. He received his Doctorate
at the University of Budapest in 1927, and his Ph.D.
in political science
at the University of London
in 1932. From 1935 he was a member of the Law Faculty at the University of Budapest. Váli published several books in Hungarian, German
and English
.
During World War II
the Hungarian government sent him to Istanbul
, Turkey
, on a confidential mission to make contact with the Allied powers. During 1943 to 1946 he lectured at the University of Istanbul on International Law.
Returning to Hungary after the war, he was international law adviser to the Hungarian Ministry of Finance, and continued teaching at the University of Budapest until he was banned from the faculty and from the ministry by the Communists early in 1949. In 1951, Váli's western connections led to his arrest. His wife was also arrested. She remained in prison for three years. He was provisionally released on October 18, 1956. Five days later the Hungarian Revolution
broke out and he was recalled to the university and participated in an effort to reorganize the Hungarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. After the Revolution was crushed, Váli and his wife escaped from Hungary into Austria
.
With a fellowship from the Rockefeller Foundation
, he did research in London, Paris
and The Hague
, and after December 1957, in New York
and Washington
. From 1958 to 1961, Váli was a Research Associate at the Harvard Center for International Affairs. In September 1961 he joined the government department at the University of Massachusetts Amherst
and stayed there until his retirement in 1975. Váli died on 19 November, 1984 in Massachusetts
, U.S.A.
International law
Public international law concerns the structure and conduct of sovereign states; analogous entities, such as the Holy See; and intergovernmental organizations. To a lesser degree, international law also may affect multinational corporations and individuals, an impact increasingly evolving beyond...
. He was born in 1905 in Budapest
Budapest
Budapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2011, Budapest had 1,733,685 inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2,113,645 due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter...
, Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
. He received his Doctorate
Doctorate
A doctorate is an academic degree or professional degree that in most countries refers to a class of degrees which qualify the holder to teach in a specific field, A doctorate is an academic degree or professional degree that in most countries refers to a class of degrees which qualify the holder...
at the University of Budapest in 1927, and his Ph.D.
Ph.D.
A Ph.D. is a Doctor of Philosophy, an academic degree.Ph.D. may also refer to:* Ph.D. , a 1980s British group*Piled Higher and Deeper, a web comic strip*PhD: Phantasy Degree, a Korean comic series* PhD Docbook renderer, an XML renderer...
in political science
Political science
Political Science is a social science discipline concerned with the study of the state, government and politics. Aristotle defined it as the study of the state. It deals extensively with the theory and practice of politics, and the analysis of political systems and political behavior...
at the University of London
University of London
-20th century:Shortly after 6 Burlington Gardens was vacated, the University went through a period of rapid expansion. Bedford College, Royal Holloway and the London School of Economics all joined in 1900, Regent's Park College, which had affiliated in 1841 became an official divinity school of the...
in 1932. From 1935 he was a member of the Law Faculty at the University of Budapest. Váli published several books in Hungarian, German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
and English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
.
During World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
the Hungarian government sent him to Istanbul
Istanbul
Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...
, Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
, on a confidential mission to make contact with the Allied powers. During 1943 to 1946 he lectured at the University of Istanbul on International Law.
Returning to Hungary after the war, he was international law adviser to the Hungarian Ministry of Finance, and continued teaching at the University of Budapest until he was banned from the faculty and from the ministry by the Communists early in 1949. In 1951, Váli's western connections led to his arrest. His wife was also arrested. She remained in prison for three years. He was provisionally released on October 18, 1956. Five days later the Hungarian Revolution
1956 Hungarian Revolution
The Hungarian Revolution or Uprising of 1956 was a spontaneous nationwide revolt against the government of the People's Republic of Hungary and its Soviet-imposed policies, lasting from 23 October until 10 November 1956....
broke out and he was recalled to the university and participated in an effort to reorganize the Hungarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. After the Revolution was crushed, Váli and his wife escaped from Hungary into Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
.
With a fellowship from the Rockefeller Foundation
Rockefeller Foundation
The Rockefeller Foundation is a prominent philanthropic organization and private foundation based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The preeminent institution established by the six-generation Rockefeller family, it was founded by John D. Rockefeller , along with his son John D. Rockefeller, Jr...
, he did research in London, Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
and The Hague
The Hague
The Hague is the capital city of the province of South Holland in the Netherlands. With a population of 500,000 inhabitants , it is the third largest city of the Netherlands, after Amsterdam and Rotterdam...
, and after December 1957, in New York
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
and Washington
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
. From 1958 to 1961, Váli was a Research Associate at the Harvard Center for International Affairs. In September 1961 he joined the government department at the University of Massachusetts Amherst
University of Massachusetts Amherst
The University of Massachusetts Amherst is a public research and land-grant university in Amherst, Massachusetts, United States and the flagship of the University of Massachusetts system...
and stayed there until his retirement in 1975. Váli died on 19 November, 1984 in Massachusetts
Massachusetts
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2010...
, U.S.A.
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
Books of Váli
- Servitudes of International Law (London)
- Rift and Revolt in Hungary (Harvard University PressHarvard University PressHarvard University Press is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing. In 2005, it published 220 new titles. It is a member of the Association of American University Presses. Its current director is William P...
, 1961) - The Future of Germany, (Germany, 1967).
- Politics of the Indian OceanIndian OceanThe Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded on the north by the Indian Subcontinent and Arabian Peninsula ; on the west by eastern Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and...
Region: The Balances of Power (New York, 1976) - Bridge across the Bosporus, (The Johns Hopkins Press, 1971)