Fasciolariidae
Encyclopedia
Fasciolariidae, common name
Common name
A common name of a taxon or organism is a name in general use within a community; it is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism...

 the "tulip snails and spindle snails", is a family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

 of small to large sea snail
Snail
Snail is a common name applied to most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have coiled shells in the adult stage. When the word is used in its most general sense, it includes sea snails, land snails and freshwater snails. The word snail without any qualifier is however more often...

s, marine
Marine (ocean)
Marine is an umbrella term. As an adjective it is usually applicable to things relating to the sea or ocean, such as marine biology, marine ecology and marine geology...

 gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Buccinoidea
Buccinoidea
Buccinoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of very small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks.This superfamily is in the clade Neogastropoda according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda...

.

The family Fasciolariidae probably appeared about 110 million years ago during the Cretaceous
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous , derived from the Latin "creta" , usually abbreviated K for its German translation Kreide , is a geologic period and system from circa to million years ago. In the geologic timescale, the Cretaceous follows the Jurassic period and is followed by the Paleogene period of the...

 

Description

The shells are usually reddish in color and have a moderate to large size, reaching a height between 1.0 cm and 60 cm. The shells are spindle-shaped and biconic. The spire
Spire (mollusc)
A spire is a descriptive term for part of the coiled shell of mollusks. The word is a convenient aid in describing shells, but it does not refer to a very precise part of shell anatomy: the spire consists of all of the whorls except for the body whorl...

 is elongate. The siphonal canal
Siphonal canal
Some sea marine gastropods have a soft tubular anterior extension of the mantle called a siphon through which water is drawn into the mantle cavity and over the gill and which serves as a chemoreceptor to locate food. In many carnivorous snails, where the siphon is particularly long, the structure...

 is well developed and is long to moderately long. The columella
Columella
Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella is the most important writer on agriculture of the Roman empire. Little is known of his life. He was probably born in Gades , possibly of Roman parents. After a career in the army , he took up farming...

 varies between a smooth appearance and showing spiral folds. The horny operculum
Operculum (gastropod)
The operculum, meaning little lid, is a corneous or calcareous anatomical structure which exists in many groups of sea snails and freshwater snails, and also in a few groups of land snails...

 has an oval shape. Their radula
Radula
The radula is an anatomical structure that is used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared rather inaccurately to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus...

 is characteristic with narrow central teeth with three cusps. The wide lateral teeth show numerous ctenoid (= comblike) cusps.

Snails in the family Fasciolariidae are carnivorous. They feed on other gastropods and on bivalves. Some also prey on worm
Worm
The term worm refers to an obsolete taxon used by Carolus Linnaeus and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck for all non-arthropod invertebrate animals, and stems from the Old English word wyrm. Currently it is used to describe many different distantly-related animals that typically have a long cylindrical...

s and barnacle
Barnacle
A barnacle is a type of arthropod belonging to infraclass Cirripedia in the subphylum Crustacea, and is hence related to crabs and lobsters. Barnacles are exclusively marine, and tend to live in shallow and tidal waters, typically in erosive settings. They are sessile suspension feeders, and have...

s.

The snails are gonochoristic
Gonochorism
In biology, gonochorism or unisexualism describes sexually reproducing species in which individuals have just one of at least two distinct sexes. The term is most often used with animals . The sex of an individual may change during its lifetime, this can for example be found in parrotfish...

, i.e. the individuals have just one sex. The female snails deposit their eggs in horny capsules either in a single form or in clusters arranged arranged around a hollow axis. The single forms have a flattened, disk-shaped or vase-shaped form. The clusters are hemispherical or cylindrical. Development is usually direct. The larva
Larva
A larva is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle...

e emerge from the capsules as free-swimming young or as crawling young.

Taxonomy

According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)
Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...

 the family Fasciolariidae consists of three subfamilies:
  • Fasciolariinae Gray, 1853
  • Fusininae Wrigley, 1927 - synonyms: Fusinae Swainson, 1840 (inv.); Cyrtulidae MacDonald, 1869; Streptochetinae Cossmann, 1901
  • Peristerniinae Tryon, 1880 - synonym: Latiridae Iredale, 1929

Genera

Genera in the family Fasciolariidae include (fossil genera are marked with a dagger):

subfamily Fasciolariinae
  • Fasciolaria Lamarck, 1799 - type genus
    Type genus
    In biological classification, a type genus is a representative genus, as with regard to a biological family. The term and concept is used much more often and much more formally in zoology than it is in botany, and the definition is dependent on the nomenclatural Code that applies:* In zoological...

    , the Tulip shell
    Tulip shell
    Tulip snail, or Tulip shell is the common name for two or three species of large, predatory, subtropical and tropical sea snails from the Western Atlantic. These species are in the genus Fasciolaria...

    s
  • Bellifusus Stephenson, 1941 †
  • Boltenella Wade, 1917 †
  • Brucia Cossmann, 1920 †
  • Calkota Squires & Saul, 2003
  • Conradconfusus Snyder, 2002 †
  • Cryptorhytis Meek, 1876 †
  • Drilliovoluta Cossmann, 1925 †
  • Drilluta Wade, 1916 †
  • Haplovoluta Wade, 1918 †
  • Hercorhyncus Conrad, 1869 †
  • Hylus Wade, 1917 †
  • Lirofusus Conrad, 1865 †
  • Mariafusus Petuch, 1988 †
  • Micasarcina Squires & Saul, 2003 †
  • Microcolus
    Microcolus
    Microcolus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Microcolus include:* Microcolus apiciliratus...

    Cotton & Godfrey, 1932
  • Mylecoma Squires & Saul, 2003 †
  • Odontofusus Whitfield, 1892 †
  • Paleopsephaea Wade, 1926 †
  • Parafusus Wade, 1918 †
  • Perse B.L. Clark, 1918 †
  • Piestochilus Meek, 1864 †
  • Plectocion Stewart, 1927 †
  • Pleia
    Pleia
    Pleia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Pleia include:...

    Finlay, 1930
  • Pleuroploca
    Pleuroploca
    Pleuroploca is a genus of very large predatory sea snails with an operculum, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, which includes the spindle shells, the tulip shells and other allied genera.-Species:...

    P. Fischer, 1884
  • Saginafusus
    Saginafusus
    Saginafusus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Saginafusus include:* Saginafusus pricei...

    Iredale, 1931
  • Scobina Wade, 1917 †
  • Serrifusus Meek, 1876 †
  • Skyles Saul & Popenoe, 1993 †
  • Terebraspira Conrad, 1862 †
  • Trichifusus Bandel, 2000 †
  • Triplofusus
    Triplofusus
    Triplofusus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Triplofusus include:* Triplofusus giganteus...

    Olsson & Harbison, 1953
  • Wadia Cossmann, 1920 †
  • Whitneyella Stewart, 1927 †
  • Woodsella Wade, 1926 †

subfamily Fusininae
  • Fusus
    Fusus (gastropod)
    Fusus is a genus of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails and tulip snails.The name Fusus as a name for a genus of gastropods has confusingly been used three times...

    Bruguière, 1789 : synonym of Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815

  • Africolithes Eames, 1957 †
  • Amiantofusus
    Amiantofusus
    Amiantofusus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Amiantofusus include: * Amiantofusus amiantus...

    Fraussen, Kantor & Hadorn, 2007
  • Austrolithes Finlay, 1931 †
  • Chiralithes Olsson, 1930 †
  • Chryseofusus
    Chryseofusus
    Chryseofusus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies....

    Hadorn & Fraussen, 2003
  • Clavellofusus Grabau, 1904 †
  • Clavilithes
    Clavilithes
    Clavilithes is an extinct genus of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the tulip snails and spindle snails.This genus lived from the Paleocene to Pliocene, in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America....

    Swainson, 1840 †
  • Cosmolithes Grabau, 1904 †
  • Cyrtulus
    Cyrtulus
    Cyrtulus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Cyrtulus include:...

    Hinds, 1843 - Cyrtulus serotinus
    Cyrtulus serotinus
    Cyrtulus serotinus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies....

    Hinds, 1843
  • Falsicolus Finlay, 1930
  • Falsifusus Grabau, 1904 †
  • Fredenia Cadée & Janssen, 1994 †
  • Fusinus
    Fusinus
    Fusinus is a genus of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails and tulip snaills.-Species:Species in the genus Fusinus include:...

    Rafinesque, 1815 - type genus of the subfamily Fusininae
  • Gemmocolus Maxwell, 1992 †
  • Granulifusus
    Granulifusus
    Granulifusus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Granulifusus include:...

    Kuroda & Habe, 1954
  • Harasewychia
    Harasewychia
    Harasewychia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Harasewychia include:...

    Petuch, 1987
  • Heilprinia Grabau, 1904 : synonym of Fusinus
    Fusinus
    Fusinus is a genus of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails and tulip snaills.-Species:Species in the genus Fusinus include:...

  • Helolithus Agassiz, 1846 †
  • Lepidocolus Maxwell, 1992 †
  • Liracolus Maxwell, 1992 †
  • Mancorus Olsson, 1931 †
  • Ollaphon
    Ollaphon
    Ollaphon is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.The family allocation of Ollaphon is uncertain; this genus is sometimes placed in the family Muricidae....

    Iredale, 1929
  • Perulithes Olsson, 1930 †
  • Priscofusus Conrad, 1865 †
  • Profusinus Bandel, 2000 †
  • Propefusus Iredale, 1924 : synonym of Fusinus
    Fusinus
    Fusinus is a genus of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails and tulip snaills.-Species:Species in the genus Fusinus include:...

  • Pseudaptyxis Petuch, 1988 †
  • Pullincola de Gregorio, 1894 †
  • Remera Stephenson, 1941 †
  • Rhopalithes Grabau, 1904 †
  • Simplicifusus
    Simplicifusus
    Simplicifusus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Simplicifusus include:...

    Kira, 1972
  • Solutofusus Pritchard, 1898 †
  • Spirilla Agassiz, 1842 †
  • Streptocarina Hinsch, 1977 †
  • Streptochetus Cossmann, 1889 †
  • Streptodictyon Tembrock, 1961 †
  • Streptolathyrus Cossmann, 1901 †
  • Tectifusus Tate, 1893 †
  • Trophonofusus
    Trophonofusus
    Trophonofusus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Trophonofusus include:...

    Kuroda & Habe, 1971
  • Turrispira Conrad, 1866 †

subfamily Peristerniinae
  • Peristernia
    Peristernia
    Peristernia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies. March-Species:Species within the genus Peristernia include:...

    Mörch, 1852 - type genus of the subfamily Peristerniinae
  • Aptycholathyrus Cossman & Pissarro, 1905 †
  • Ascolatirus Bellardi, 1884 †
  • Benimakia
    Benimakia
    Benimakia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Benimakia include:* Benimakia cloveri Snyder & Vermeij, 2008...

    Habe, 1958
  • Brocchitas Finlay, 1927 †
  • Bullockus
    Bullockus
    Bullockus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Bullockus include:* Bullockus guesti Lyons & Snyder, 2008...

    Lyons & Snyder, 2008
  • Dennantia Tate, 1888 †
  • Dentifusus
    Dentifusus
    Dentifusus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Dentifusus include:...

    Vermeij & Rosenberg, 2003
  • Dolicholatirus
    Dolicholatirus
    Dolicholatirus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Dolicholatirus include:...

    Bellardi, 1886
  • Eolatirus Bellardi, 1884 †
  • Exilifusus Conrad, 1865 †
  • Fractolatirus
    Fractolatirus
    Fractolatirus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Fractolatirus include:...

    Iredale, 1936
  • Fusolatirus
    Fusolatirus
    Fusolatirus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:...

    Kuroda & Habe, 1971
  • Hemipolygona
    Hemipolygona
    Hemipolygona is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Hemipolygona include:...

    Rovereto, 1899
  • Lathyropsis Oostingh, 1939 †
  • Latirofusus Cossmann, 1889
  • Latirogona Laws, 1944 †
  • Latirolagena
    Latirolagena
    Latirolagena is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Latirolagena include:...

    Harris, 1897
  • Latirulus
    Latirulus
    Latirulus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Latirulus include:...

    Cossmann, 1889
  • Latirus
    Latirus
    Latirus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Latirus include:* Latirus abnormis G.B...

    Montfort, 1810
  • Leucozonia
    Leucozonia
    Leucozonia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Leucozonia include: * Leucozonia cerata...

    Gray, 1847
  • Lightbournus
    Lightbournus
    Lightbournus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Lightbournus include:...

    Lyons & Snyder, 2008
  • Liochlamys Dall, 1889 †
  • Mazzalina Conrad, 1960 †
  • Neolatirus Bellardi, 1884 †
  • Nodopelagia
    Nodopelagia
    Nodopelagia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Nodopelagia include:* Nodopelagia brazieri...

    Hedley, 1915
  • Opeatostoma
    Opeatostoma
    Opeatostoma is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Opeatostoma include:* Opeatostoma pseudodon...

    Berry, 1958
  • Plesiolatirus Bellardi, 1884 †
  • Plicatella Swainson, 1840
  • Polygona
    Polygona
    Polygona is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Polygona include: * Polygona abbotti...

    Schumacher, 1817
  • Psammostoma Vermeij & Snyder, 2002 †
  • Pseudolatirus
    Pseudolatirus
    Pseudolatirus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Peristernia include:...

    Bellardi, 1884
  • Pustulatirus
    Pustulatirus
    Pustulatirus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Pustulatirus include:...

    Vermeij & Snyder, 2006
  • Ruscula Casey, 1904 †
  • Streptopelma Cossmann, 1901 †
  • Taron
    Taron (gastropod)
    Taron is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Taron include: * Taron albocostus Ponder, 1968...

    Hutton, 1883
  • Teralatirus
    Teralatirus
    Teralatirus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Teralatirus include:...

    Coomans, 1965
  • Turrilatirus
    Turrilatirus
    Turrilatirus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.-Species:Species within the genus Turrilatirus include:...

    Vermeij & M.A. Snyder, 2006
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