Etibar Mammadov
Encyclopedia
Etibar Mammadov Salidar oglu (born April 2, 1955 in Baku
) is an Azerbaijan
i politician and founder and leader of Azerbaijan National Independence Party
(Azərbaycan Milli İstiqlal Partiyası), an opposition party in Azerbaijan. Mammadov is also the Vice-Chairman of International Democrat Union
(IDU).
Mammadov has graduated with a Bachelor's degree in History
from Baku State University
and starting from 1981 worked as a professor at the same institution. In 1987, he received his Ph.D. from Baku State University. He is claimed to have been Abulfaz Elchibey's protégé and was expelled from the university for his involvement in secret political activities in 1974-75. In 1988, Mammadov was one of the activists in Azerbaijani national democratic movement and was one of the co-founders of Interim Initiative Center of Popular Front of Azerbaijan.
In 1989, he led protest movement
. After the 1990 Black January
events in Baku, he travelled to Moscow
for a press conference but was arrested by KGB
and imprisoned at Lefortovo
prison for 9 months. He was pardoned after a public petition with 1.5 million signatures. In December 1991, Mammadov was elected to the Supreme Soviet
of Azerbaijan SSR
.
In October 1991, Mammadov split with Popular Front and formed Azerbaijan National Independence Party being elected the Chairman of the party in its first official session. 1992–93 is considered the peak of the party activity with many intellectuals, businessmen, public activists joining the organization with overall numbers reaching several thousand. During the stand-off of Popular Front with Heydar Aliyev
in 1993, Mammadov openly supported the latter. Mammadov refused the offer to be the Minister of Foreign Affairs
once the office of the President was taken by Heydar Aliyev.
In 1998 and 2003, Etibar Mammadov was a Presidential candidate, receiving 12% and 2.9%, respectively, thus losing both elections. On April 12, 2005, Mammadov co-founded a new opposition bloc called New Politics (Yeni Siyasət - YeS).
Mammadov is married and has 3 children.
Baku
Baku , sometimes spelled as Baki or Bakou, is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. It is located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, which projects into the Caspian Sea. The city consists of two principal...
) is an Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to...
i politician and founder and leader of Azerbaijan National Independence Party
Azerbaijan National Independence Party
The Azerbaijan National Independence Party is a political party in Azerbaijan.At the last elections , the party won 3.9 % of the popular vote and 2 out of 125 seats. Its candidate Ehtibar Mammadov won 2.6 % of the popular vote in the 15 October 2003 presidential elections.The party suffered a...
(Azərbaycan Milli İstiqlal Partiyası), an opposition party in Azerbaijan. Mammadov is also the Vice-Chairman of International Democrat Union
International Democrat Union
The International Democrat Union, abbreviated to IDU, is a centre-right international alliance of conservative and liberal-conservative political parties. Headquartered in Oslo, Norway, the IDU comprises 45 full or associate members...
(IDU).
Mammadov has graduated with a Bachelor's degree in History
History
History is the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about past events. History can also mean the period of time after writing was invented. Scholars who write about history are called historians...
from Baku State University
Baku State University
Baku State University is a public university located in Baku, Azerbaijan. Established in 1919 by the Parliament of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, the University started with faculties of history and philology; physics and mathematics; law and medicine with an initial enrollment of 1094...
and starting from 1981 worked as a professor at the same institution. In 1987, he received his Ph.D. from Baku State University. He is claimed to have been Abulfaz Elchibey's protégé and was expelled from the university for his involvement in secret political activities in 1974-75. In 1988, Mammadov was one of the activists in Azerbaijani national democratic movement and was one of the co-founders of Interim Initiative Center of Popular Front of Azerbaijan.
In 1989, he led protest movement
Nonviolent resistance
Nonviolent resistance is the practice of achieving goals through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, and other methods, without using violence. It is largely synonymous with civil resistance...
. After the 1990 Black January
Black January
Black January , also known as Black Saturday or the January Massacre, was a violent crackdown of the Azerbaijani independence movement in Baku on January 19–20, 1990, pursuant to a state of emergency during the dissolution of the Soviet Union....
events in Baku, he travelled to Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
for a press conference but was arrested by KGB
KGB
The KGB was the commonly used acronym for the . It was the national security agency of the Soviet Union from 1954 until 1991, and was the premier internal security, intelligence, and secret police organization during that time.The State Security Agency of the Republic of Belarus currently uses the...
and imprisoned at Lefortovo
Lefortovo prison
Lefortovo prison is a prison in Moscow, Russia, which, since 2005, has been under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. It was built in 1881...
prison for 9 months. He was pardoned after a public petition with 1.5 million signatures. In December 1991, Mammadov was elected to the Supreme Soviet
Supreme Soviet
The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union was the Supreme Soviet in the Soviet Union and the only one with the power to pass constitutional amendments...
of Azerbaijan SSR
Azerbaijan SSR
The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Azerbaijan SSR for short, was one of the republics that made up the former Soviet Union....
.
In October 1991, Mammadov split with Popular Front and formed Azerbaijan National Independence Party being elected the Chairman of the party in its first official session. 1992–93 is considered the peak of the party activity with many intellectuals, businessmen, public activists joining the organization with overall numbers reaching several thousand. During the stand-off of Popular Front with Heydar Aliyev
Heydar Aliyev
Heydar Alirza oglu Aliyev , also spelled as Heidar Aliev, Geidar Aliev, Haydar Aliyev, Geydar Aliyev was the third President of Azerbaijan for the New Azerbaijan Party from June 1993 to October 2003, when his son Ilham Aliyev succeeded him.From 1969 till 1982, Aliyev was also the leader of Soviet...
in 1993, Mammadov openly supported the latter. Mammadov refused the offer to be the Minister of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Azerbaijan)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan is a Cabinet-level governmental agency in Azerbaijan Republic in charge of conducting and designing Azerbaijani Foreign policy.- History :...
once the office of the President was taken by Heydar Aliyev.
In 1998 and 2003, Etibar Mammadov was a Presidential candidate, receiving 12% and 2.9%, respectively, thus losing both elections. On April 12, 2005, Mammadov co-founded a new opposition bloc called New Politics (Yeni Siyasət - YeS).
Mammadov is married and has 3 children.
See also
- Politics of AzerbaijanPolitics of AzerbaijanThe Politics of Azerbaijan take place in a framework of a presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan as head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and...
- National Assembly of AzerbaijanNational Assembly of AzerbaijanThe National Assembly , also transliterated as Milli Majlis is the legislative branch of government in Azerbaijan. The unicameral National Assembly has 125 deputies: previously 100 members were elected for five-year terms in single-seat constituencies and 25 were members elected by proportional...
- List of political parties in Azerbaijan