Ethnic conflict in Nagaland
Encyclopedia
The ethnic conflict in Nagaland
, in northeastern
India
, is an ongoing conflict, since 1993, fought between the Nagas
and the Kukis
.
Initially it started in Manipur
between the Thankhuls
, (who wanted to overthrow/drive away the Kukis living in Ukhrul district of Manipur) and Kukis in Manipur. The various groups involved in this conflict include, among others, several rebel groups, the "National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Isak-Muivah)" aiming for a Christian religious state based on Maoism
, the "National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Khaplang)", aiming to establish an independent "greater Nagaland", and the "Naga National Council (Adino)".
The first insurgencies occurred in the early 1950s. They subsided gradually or were repressed in the early 1980s. In 1993, violence erupted again between the Nagas and the Kukis
Nagaland
Nagaland is a state in the far north-eastern part of India. It borders the state of Assam to the west, Arunachal Pradesh and part of Assam to the north, Burma to the east and Manipur to the south. The state capital is Kohima, and the largest city is Dimapur...
, in northeastern
North-East India
Northeast India refers to the easternmost region of India consisting of the contiguous Seven Sister States, Sikkim, and parts of North Bengal...
India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, is an ongoing conflict, since 1993, fought between the Nagas
Naga people
The term Naga people refers to a conglomeration of several tribes inhabiting the North Eastern part of India and north-western Burma. The tribes have similar cultures and traditions, and form the majority ethnic group in the Indian state of Nagaland...
and the Kukis
Kuki people
The Kukis are an ethnic group that spread throughout the Northeastern region of India, Northwest Burma and Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh. In Northeast India they are present in all the states except Arunachal Pradesh. This dispersal across international borders is mainly attributed to the...
.
Initially it started in Manipur
Manipur
Manipur is a state in northeastern India, with the city of Imphal as its capital. Manipur is bounded by the Indian states of Nagaland to the north, Mizoram to the south and Assam to the west; it also borders Burma to the east. It covers an area of...
between the Thankhuls
Tangkhul
Tangkhul is a Naga tribe living in the Indo-Burma border area occupying the Ukhrul district in Manipur, India and the Somra Tangkhul hills in Upper Burma. Despite this international border, the Tangkhul have continued to regard themselves as one nation...
, (who wanted to overthrow/drive away the Kukis living in Ukhrul district of Manipur) and Kukis in Manipur. The various groups involved in this conflict include, among others, several rebel groups, the "National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Isak-Muivah)" aiming for a Christian religious state based on Maoism
Maoism
Maoism, also known as the Mao Zedong Thought , is claimed by Maoists as an anti-Revisionist form of Marxist communist theory, derived from the teachings of the Chinese political leader Mao Zedong . Developed during the 1950s and 1960s, it was widely applied as the political and military guiding...
, the "National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Khaplang)", aiming to establish an independent "greater Nagaland", and the "Naga National Council (Adino)".
The first insurgencies occurred in the early 1950s. They subsided gradually or were repressed in the early 1980s. In 1993, violence erupted again between the Nagas and the Kukis
Nagaland Rebels
There are several rebel groups operating in Nagaland. These include- Naga National CouncilNaga National CouncilThe Naga National Council was a political organization of Naga people, active from the late 1940s to the early 1950s. Under the leadership of Angami Zapu Phizo in the 1940s, it unsuccessfully campaigned for the secession of the Naga territory from India and creation for a sovereign Naga...
, a political organization active in late 1940s and early 1950s, that became separatist under Angami Zapu PhizoAngami Zapu PhizoAngami Zapu Phizo was a Naga leader from India. Under his influence, the Naga National Council inclined towards seeking secession from India. The Naga secessionist groups regard him as the "Father of the Nagas".-Biography:...
. - 'National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Isak-Muivah)': formed on January 31, 1980 by Isak Chishi Swu, Thuingaleng Muivah and S.S. Khaplang http://adamant.typepad.com/seitz/madrassic_park/index.html. They aim to establish a ‘Greater Nagaland’ (‘Nagalim’ or the People’s Republic of Nagaland) based on Mao Tse TungMao ZedongMao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung , and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao , was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, Marxist political philosopher, and leader of the Chinese Revolution...
’s approach. ’ - 'National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Khaplang)': formed on April 30, 1988 because of differences among the Naga tribes. Its objective is to establish a ‘greater Nagaland’ comprising the Naga dominated areas within India, and contiguous areas in Myanmar.
- Naga National Council (Adino) – NNC (Adino): the oldest political Naga organisation, now led by the daughter of Naga rebel A.Z. Phizo.
- Naga Federal Government separatist movement active in Nagaland during 1970's. After its leader was captured and headquarters destroyed NFG's activities decreased http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1412804698&id=NgDks1hUjhMC&pg=PA572&lpg=PA572&dq=Naga+Federal+Army&sig=XLY9JmKZMKuTtSwH4f5TshONJUY
- Naga Federal Army separatist guerrilla organization active in 1970's. Several hundred members of NFA, reportedly, have received training in China http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1412804698&id=NgDks1hUjhMC&pg=PA572&lpg=PA572&dq=Naga+Federal+Army&sig=XLY9JmKZMKuTtSwH4f5TshONJUY
See also
- National Liberation Front of TripuraNational Liberation Front of TripuraThe National Liberation Front of Tripura is a Tripuri nationalist militant organization based in Tripura, India.The NLFT seeks to secede from India and establish an independent Tripuri state, and has actively participated in the Tripura Rebellion...
- Terrorist front organizationTerrorist front organizationA terrorist front organization is created to conceal activities or provide logistical or financial support to the illegal activities.-See also:...
s - Asymmetric warfareAsymmetric warfareAsymmetric warfare is war between belligerents whose relative military power differs significantly, or whose strategy or tactics differ significantly....
- People's war
Links
- Baptist Agenda for Peace in Nagalim, India
- A remote land of jungle, Jesus - and religious war, Daily Herald, May 5, 2003
- Peace talks an insult to Nagas, The Week, Feb 9, 2003.
- Religious Fervor May Dominate Emerging Indian State of Nagalim, The Washington Diplomat, Oct, 2003
- 06.
- http://inThe most Baptist state in the world—Nagaland—is vying to become a powerhouse for cross-cultural missions] Christianity Today, February 20.christiantoday.com/news/nat_422.htm We want penetrate China, Cambodia, Burma, Vietnam and Laos and Nepal with the Gospel, Christian Today (India), Aug 29, 2003.
- Nagas want solution, not election Baptist Peace Fellowship of North America
- Church Backs Terrorism in the North-East
- Role of the Church – Charity or...? Vanvasi Kalyan Parishad