Espionage

Espionage

Espionage or spying involves an individual obtaining information that is considered secret or confidential without the permission of the holder of the information. Espionage is inherently clandestine, lest the legitimate holder of the information change plans or take other countermeasures once it...

 is a subset of human intelligence

HUMINT

HUMINT, a syllabic abbreviation of the words HUMan INTelligence, refers to intelligence gathering by means of interpersonal contact, as opposed to the more technical intelligence gathering disciplines such as SIGINT, IMINT and MASINT...

, one of many intelligence collection methods, which are organized by intelligence collection management

Intelligence collection management

Intelligence Collection Management is the process of managing and organizing the collection of intelligence information from various sources. The collection department of an intelligence organization may attempt basic validation of that which it collects, but is not intended to analyze its...

.

This lists is restricted to organizations that operate clandestine

Clandestine operation

A clandestine operation is an intelligence or military operation carried out in such a way that the operation goes unnoticed.The United States Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms defines "clandestine operation" as "An operation sponsored or conducted by governmental...

 human sources in foreign countries and non-national groups. It does not include police organizations with domestic informers, or, on an international basis, human sources that do counterintelligence work alone.

Country	Espionage organizations and agencies
Argentina	Secretariat of Intelligence Secretaría de Inteligencia Secretaría de Inteligencia is the premier intelligence agency of the Argentine Republic and head of its National Intelligence System.... , National Directorate of Criminal Intelligence Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia Criminal Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia Criminal it is an Argentine intelligence agency part of the National Intelligence System... , National Directorate of Strategic Military Intelligence Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia Estratégica Militar Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia Estratégica Militar is an Argentine intelligence agency part of the National Intelligence System, created by the 2001 It is structurally dependent of the Ministry of Defense.-Function:Its main mission is to produce strategic military intelligence and analysis...
Australia	Australian Secret Intelligence Service Australian Secret Intelligence Service The Australian Secret Intelligence Service is the Australian government intelligence agency responsible for collecting foreign intelligence, undertaking counter-intelligence activities and cooperation with other intelligence agencies overseas...
Cuba	General Intelligence Directorate General Intelligence Directorate The Intelligence Directorate is the main state intelligence agency of the government of Cuba. The DI, under the big umbrella of the MININT, was founded in late 1961 by Cuba's Ministry of the Interior shortly after the Cuban Revolution...  (DGI)
Czech Republic	Security Information Service
Early Modern France	General Directorate of External Security Direction générale de la sécurité extérieure The General Directorate for External Security is France's external intelligence agency. Operating under the direction of the French ministry of defence, the agency works alongside the DCRI in providing intelligence and national security, notably by performing paramilitary and counterintelligence... , Central Directorate of General Intelligence Direction centrale des renseignements généraux The Direction Centrale des Renseignements Généraux , often called Renseignements Généraux , was the intelligence service of the French police, answerable to the Direction Générale de la Police Nationale , and, ultimately, the Ministry of the Interior... ,
Germany	Federal Intelligence Service Bundesnachrichtendienst The Bundesnachrichtendienst [ˌbʊndəsˈnaːχʁɪçtnˌdiːnst] is the foreign intelligence agency of Germany, directly subordinated to the Chancellor's Office. Its headquarters are in Pullach near Munich, and Berlin . The BND has 300 locations in Germany and foreign countries...
India	Research and Analysis Wing Research and Analysis Wing The Research and Analysis Wing is India's external intelligence agency. It was formed in September 1968 after the poor performance of the Intelligence Bureau in the Sino-Indian war of 1962 and the India-Pakistani war of 1965 convinced the then government of India that a specialized, independent... , Intelligence Bureau Intelligence Bureau Intelligence Bureau was the main internal intelligence agency of British India. It can also refer to:* Intelligence Bureau , the domestic intelligence organization of India...
Iran	Ministry of Intelligence (Iran) Ministry of Intelligence (Iran) The Ministry of Intelligence and National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the secret police and primary intelligence agency of the Islamic Republic of Iran...
Israel	Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations Mossad The Mossad , short for HaMossad leModi'in uleTafkidim Meyuchadim , is the national intelligence agency of Israel....
Italy	Democratic Intelligence and Security Service SISDE Servizio per le Informazioni e la Sicurezza Democratica , was the domestic intelligence agency of Italy.With the reform of the Italian Intelligence Services approved on 1 August 2007, SISDE was replaced by AISI.... , Military Intelligence and Security Service SISMI Servizio per le Informazioni e la Sicurezza Militare was the military intelligence agency of Italy from 1977-2007....
Mexico	National Security and Investigation Center Centro de Investigación y Seguridad Nacional Centro de Investigación y Seguridad Nacional is a Mexican intelligence agency controlled by the Office of Coordination of the Presidency. CISEN was established in 1989 after its predecessors ceased to operate...
Pakistan	Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence Inter-Services Intelligence The Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence , is Pakistan's premier intelligence agency, responsible for providing critical national security intelligence assessment to the Government of Pakistan...
Netherlands	General Intelligence and Security Service General Intelligence and Security Service Algemene Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdienst , formerly known as the BVD is the General Intelligence and Security Service or The Secret service of the Netherlands. The office is in Zoetermeer...
New Zealand	New Zealand Security Intelligence Service New Zealand Security Intelligence Service The New Zealand Security Intelligence Service is an intelligence agency of the New Zealand government.-Purpose:As a civilian organisation, the Security Intelligence Service takes no part in the enforcement of security...
Russia	Federal Security Service FSB (Russia) The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation is the main domestic security agency of the Russian Federation and the main successor agency of the Soviet Committee of State Security . Its main responsibilities are counter-intelligence, internal and border security, counter-terrorism, and... , Foreign Intelligence Service Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia) The Russian Foreign Intelligence Service is Russia's primary external intelligence agency. The SVR is the successor of the First Chief Directorate of the KGB since December 1991... , Main Intelligence Directorate GRU GRU or Glavnoye Razvedyvatel'noye Upravleniye is the foreign military intelligence directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation...
South Africa	National Intelligence Agency, South African Secret Service South African Secret Service The South African Secret Service is a South African intelligence agency. It is responsible for all non-military foreign intelligence and for counterintelligence within the Service itself. It is also responsible for gathering, correlating, evaluating and analyzing this intelligence... , South African National Defence Force Intelligence Division South African National Defence Force Intelligence Division South African National Defence Force Intelligence Division is the primary military intelligence agency of South Africa which came into being on April 27, 1994...
Spain	National Intelligence Centre Centro Nacional de Inteligencia The National Intelligence Center is the Spanish official intelligence agency. Its headquarters are located in the A-6 motorway near Madrid. The CNI is the successor of the Centro Superior de Información de la Defensa, Higher Centre for Defense Intelligence. Its main target areas are North Africa...
United Kingdom	Secret Intelligence Service Secret Intelligence Service The Secret Intelligence Service is responsible for supplying the British Government with foreign intelligence. Alongside the internal Security Service , the Government Communications Headquarters and the Defence Intelligence , it operates under the formal direction of the Joint Intelligence...
United States	Central Intelligence Agency Central Intelligence Agency The Central Intelligence Agency is a civilian intelligence agency of the United States government. It is an executive agency and reports directly to the Director of National Intelligence, responsible for providing national security intelligence assessment to senior United States policymakers...  National Clandestine Service National Clandestine Service The National Clandestine Service is one of the four main components of the Central Intelligence Agency...