Enolase superfamily
Encyclopedia
The reactions
catalyzed by enzymes in the enolase superfamily share the core chemical step of an abstraction of a proton
from a carbon
adjacent to a carboxylic acid
and a requirement of a divalent
metal ion. In contrast to many recognized families of enzymes whose members catalyze similar reactions on different substrate
s, the enolase superfamily includes enzymes catalyzing a wide variety of reactions and performing diverse roles in metabolism
.
The primary sequences of MR and MLE, approximately 25% identical
, are related but significantly different; whereas their three-dimensional structures are similar. The enzyme enolase has a more distant, but nevertheless clear, relationship to MLE and MR.
Chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Chemical reactions can be either spontaneous, requiring no input of energy, or non-spontaneous, typically following the input of some type of energy, such as heat, light or electricity...
catalyzed by enzymes in the enolase superfamily share the core chemical step of an abstraction of a proton
Proton
The proton is a subatomic particle with the symbol or and a positive electric charge of 1 elementary charge. One or more protons are present in the nucleus of each atom, along with neutrons. The number of protons in each atom is its atomic number....
from a carbon
Carbon
Carbon is the chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds...
adjacent to a carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of at least one carboxyl group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is R-COOH, where R is some monovalent functional group...
and a requirement of a divalent
Divalent
In chemistry, a divalent ion or molecule has a valence of two and thus can form two bonds with other ions or molecules. An older term for divalent is bivalent....
metal ion. In contrast to many recognized families of enzymes whose members catalyze similar reactions on different substrate
Substrate (biochemistry)
In biochemistry, a substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts. Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions involving the substrate. In the case of a single substrate, the substrate binds with the enzyme active site, and an enzyme-substrate complex is formed. The substrate is transformed into one or...
s, the enolase superfamily includes enzymes catalyzing a wide variety of reactions and performing diverse roles in metabolism
Metabolism
Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that happen in the cells of living organisms to sustain life. These processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. Metabolism is usually divided into two categories...
.
Members
- enolaseEnolaseEnolase, also known as phosphopyruvate dehydratase, is a metalloenzyme responsible for the catalysis of the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate , the ninth and penultimate step of glycolysis. Enolase belongs to the class Lyase. Enolase can also catalyze the reverse reaction,...
- mandelate racemaseMandelate racemaseMandelate racemase is a bacterial enzyme which catalyzes the interconversion of the enantiomers of mandelate via an enol intermediate.It is a member of the enolase superfamily of enzymes, along with muconate lactonizing enzyme and enolase....
(MR) - muconate lactonizing enzymeMuconate lactonizing enzymeMuconate lactonizing enzymes are involved in the breakdown of lignin-derived aromatics, catechol and protocatechuate, to citric acid cycle intermediates as a part of the β-ketoadipate pathway in soil microbes. Some bacterial species are also capable of dehalogenating chloroaromatic compounds by...
(MLE)
The primary sequences of MR and MLE, approximately 25% identical
Identical particles
Identical particles, or indistinguishable particles, are particles that cannot be distinguished from one another, even in principle. Species of identical particles include elementary particles such as electrons, and, with some clauses, composite particles such as atoms and molecules.There are two...
, are related but significantly different; whereas their three-dimensional structures are similar. The enzyme enolase has a more distant, but nevertheless clear, relationship to MLE and MR.