This article is one of a series providing information about endemism

Endemic (ecology)

Endemism is the ecological state of being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation or other defined zone, or habitat type; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, all species of lemur are endemic to the...

 among birds in the World's various zoogeographic zones. For an overview of this subject see Endemism in birds

Endemism in birds

An endemic bird area is a region of the world that contains two or more restricted-range species, while a "secondary area" contains one or more restricted-range species. Both terms were devised by Birdlife International....

.

Patterns of endemism

This region is notable not just for the high number of endemic species, but for endemism in higher-level taxonomic groupings too.

Family-level endemism

The following three families

Family (biology)

In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

 are endemic to Madagascar:

• Mesite
  Mesite
  The mesites are a family of birds of uncertain affinities. They are smallish, near flightless birds endemic to Madagascar. Generally brownish with paler undersides, they are of somewhat pheasant-like appearance and were initially placed with the Galliformes...
  
  s, a family within the Gruiformes
  Gruiformes
  The Gruiformes are an order containing a considerable number of living and extinct bird families, with a widespread geographical diversity. Gruiform means "crane-like"....
  
  , containing three species
  Species
  In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
  
   in two genera
  Genus
  In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
  
  .
• Ground-roller
  Ground-roller
  The ground rollers are a small family of non-migratory near-passerine birds restricted to Madagascar.They are related to the kingfishers, bee-eaters and rollers...
  
  s, a family within the Coraciiformes
  Coraciiformes
  The Coraciiformes are a group of usually colorful near passerine birds including the kingfishers, the Hoopoe, the bee-eaters, the rollers, and the hornbills...
  
  , containing five species in three genera.
• Asities
  Asity
  The asities, are a family, the Philepittidae, of small suboscine passerine birds. The family consists of four species in two genera endemic to Madagascar. They were thought to have been related to the pittas, hence the scientific name of the family, but a 1993 study suggested that they are actually...
  
  , a family within the Old World suboscines, with four species in two genera

In addition, the ten species of Coua

Coua

Couas are large, mostly terrestrial birds of the cuckoo family, endemic to the island of Madagascar. Coua derives from koa, the Malagasy name for a cuckoo or coua, which is in turn an onomatopoeic of some species' call notes....

 (genus Coua, a subfamily of the cuckoo

Cuckoo

The cuckoos are a family, Cuculidae, of near passerine birds. The order Cuculiformes, in addition to the cuckoos, also includes the turacos . Some zoologists and taxonomists have also included the unique Hoatzin in the Cuculiformes, but its taxonomy remains in dispute...

s), are all Madagascan endemics.

Two other families are endemic to the wider region:

• The Vanga
  Vanga
  The vangas are a group of little-known small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to Madagascar and the Comoros. They are usually classified as the family Vangidae. There are about 22 species, depending on taxonomy...
  
  s, an Oscine passerine family, containing sixteen species in eleven genera are endemic to the region; all but one species are confined to Madagascar; the exception, Comoro Blue Vanga is restricted to Comores.

• The Cuckoo-roller
  Cuckoo-roller
  The Cuckoo Roller is the only bird in the family Leptosomatidae, which is usually considered to be within the order Coraciiformes, which also includes the kingfishers, bee-eaters and rollers. However, the position of this family is not very clear. Morphological evidence may suggest a placement...
  
  , a monotypic
  Monotypic
  In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group with only one biological type. The term's usage differs slightly between botany and zoology. The term monotypic has a separate use in conservation biology, monotypic habitat, regarding species habitat conversion eliminating biodiversity and...
  
   family in the Coraciiformes
  Coraciiformes
  The Coraciiformes are a group of usually colorful near passerine birds including the kingfishers, the Hoopoe, the bee-eaters, the rollers, and the hornbills...
  
   is endemic to the wider region, as its single species is present on both Madagascar and Comores.

The extinct Dodo

Dodo

The dodo was a flightless bird endemic to the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius. Related to pigeons and doves, it stood about a meter tall, weighing about , living on fruit, and nesting on the ground....

 and Rodrigues Solitaire

Rodrigues Solitaire

The Rodrigues Solitaire was a flightless member of the pigeon order endemic to Rodrigues, Mauritius. It was a close relative of the Dodo.-Discovery:...

 comprised a family, Raphidae, which was endemic to Mauritius

Mauritius

Mauritius , officially the Republic of Mauritius is an island nation off the southeast coast of the African continent in the southwest Indian Ocean, about east of Madagascar...

.

Genus-level endemism

In addition to genera in the families above, the following genera are endemic to the region (M indicating a genus endemic to Madagascar):

• the Jeries Neomixis (three species) and Hartertula (one species) M

In addition in the following genera, high proportions of the member species are endemic to Madagascar:

• the rock-thrushes, Monticola, in which three of the 13 species are endemic to Madagascar (these three are sometimes separated into their own genus, Pseudocossyphus.

Endemic Bird Areas

Birdlife International

BirdLife International

BirdLife International is a global Partnership of conservation organisations that strives to conserve birds, their habitats and global biodiversity, working with people towards sustainability in the use of natural resources...

 has defined a number of Endemic Bird Areas and Secondary Areas in Madagascar

Madagascar

The Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa...

 and the western Indian Ocean islands.

Species endemic to Madagascar

The following is a list of species endemic to Madagascar.

Non-passerines Bernier's Teal Bernier's Teal Bernier's Teal Anas bernieri is a duck species of the genus Anas. It is endemic to Madagascar, where it is found only along the west coast.... Meller's Duck Meller's Duck Meller's Duck is a species of the dabbling duck genus Anas. It is endemic to eastern Madagascar. Although a population was established on Mauritius in the mid-18th century, this is on the verge of extinction due to habitat loss and competition by feral domestic ducks... Madagascar Pochard Madagascar Pochard The Madagascar Pochard is an extremely rare diving duck of the genus Aythya, previously thought extinct. Prior to a rediscovery in 2006, the last confirmed sighting of the species was at Lake Alaotra on the Central Plateau of Madagascar in 1991... Madagascar Partridge Madagascar Partridge The Madagascar Partridge is a species of bird in the Phasianidae family. It is found only in Madagascar.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes....  * Alaotra Grebe Alaotra Grebe The Alaotra Grebe , also known as Delacour's Little Grebe or Rusty Grebe, was a grebe endemic to Lake Alaotra and surrounding lakes in Madagascar. The last sighting was in 1985 and the species was declared extinct in 2010... Madagascar Grebe Madagascar Grebe The Madagascar Grebe is a grebe found only in western and central Madagascar. It is classified as Vulnerable, with a population of less than 5,000. The most serious threat is, in the west, from reduction of habitat, especially by rice cultivation... Madagascar Pond Heron Humblot's Heron Madagascar Crested Ibis Madagascar Crested Ibis The Madagascar Ibis , also known as the Madagascar Crested Ibis, White-winged Ibis or Crested Wood Ibis, is a medium-sized , brown-plumaged ibis. It has bare red orbital skin, yellow bill, red legs, white wings and its head is partially bare with a dense crest of green or gloss blue and white... Madagascar Fish Eagle Madagascar Fish Eagle The Madagascar Fish Eagle or Madagascar Sea-eagle is a large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae which also includes many other diurnal raptors such as kites, buzzards and harriers. The range of this eagle is within the Madagascar dry deciduous forests... Madagascar Serpent Eagle Henst's Goshawk Henst's Goshawk Henst's Goshawk is a species of bird of prey in the Accipitridae family.It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and plantations.It is threatened by... Madagascar Harrier-hawk Madagascar Harrier-hawk The Madagascar Harrier-Hawk is a species of bird of prey in the Accipitridae family.It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on... Madagascar Buzzard Madagascar Buzzard The Madagascar Buzzard is a species of bird of prey in the Accipitridae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.... Madagascar Cuckoo-hawk Madagascar Sparrowhawk Madagascar Sparrowhawk The Madagascar Sparrowhawk is a species of bird of prey in the Accipitridae family.It is endemic to Madagascar... Frances's Sparrowhawk Frances's Sparrowhawk Frances' Goshawk is a small hawk. The nominate subspecies, A. f. francesiae, is endemic to Madagascar. The race from Anjouan, Accipiter francesiae pusillus is possibly extinct.... Banded Kestrel Banded Kestrel The Banded Kestrel is a bird of prey belonging to the falcon family Falconidae. It is endemic to Madagascar and is also known as the Madagascar Banded Kestrel, Barred Kestrel or Madagascar Barred Kestrel... Madagascar Kestrel Madagascar Kestrel The Madagascar Kestrel , also known as Malagasy Spotted Kestrel, Newton's Kestrel, Madagascar Spotted Kestrel, katiti or hitsikitsika , is a small bird of prey of the genus Falco. It is named after British ornithologist Edward Newton. It occurs in two subspecies on Madagascar and at Aldabra... Brown Mesite Brown Mesite The Brown Mesite, Mesitornis unicolor, is a ground-dwelling bird endemic to Madagascar. It is one of three species in the mesite family Mesitornithidae, and though vulnerable, it is the most widespread of the three.... White-breasted Mesite White-breasted Mesite The White-breasted Mesite, Mesitornis variegatus, is a ground-dwelling bird endemic to Madagascar. One of three species in the mesite family Mesitornithidae, it has a small population and is restricted to five sites in the north and west of the island.... Subdesert Mesite Subdesert Mesite The Subdesert Mesite is a ground-dwelling bird endemic to Madagascar. It is one of three species in the mesite family Mesitornithidae, and is restricted in distribution to a small low-land region in southwest Madagascar.... Madagascar Buttonquail Madagascar Buttonquail The Madagascar Buttonquail is a species of bird in the buttonquail family Turnicidae.It is endemic to Madagascar.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 24 July 2007....  * Slender-billed Flufftail Slender-billed Flufftail The Slender-billed Flufftail is a species of bird in the Rallidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitats are swamps and arable land.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:... Madagascar Flufftail Madagascar Flufftail The Madagascar Flufftail is a species of bird in the Rallidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:... Madagascar Wood-rail White-throated Rail White-throated Rail The White-throated Rail or Cuvier's Rail is a species of bird in the Rallidae family. It is found in Comoros, Madagascar, Mayotte, and Seychelles. A flightless subspecies, Dryolimnas cuvieri aldabranus , inhabits Aldabra, while another, D. c... Madagascar Rail Madagascar Rail The Madagascar Rail is a species of bird in the Rallidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montanes, and freshwater marshes.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:* BirdLife International... Sakalava Rail Sakalava Rail The Sakalava Rail is a species of bird in the Rallidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitats are rivers, swamps, freshwater lakes, and freshwater marshes.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:... Madagascar Snipe Madagascar Snipe The Madagascar Snipe, Gallinago macrodactyla, is a small stocky wader. It breeds only in the humid eastern half of Madagascar, from sea-level up to 2,700 m, being more common above 700 m. It is non-migratory.-Description:...

Madagascar Jacana Madagascar Jacana The Madagascar Jacana is a species of bird in the Jacanidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 28 July 2007.... Madagascar Plover Madagascar Plover The Madagascar Plover is a species of bird in the Charadriidae family. It is also called the Black-banded Plover.It is endemic to Madagascar.... Madagascar Sandgrouse Madagascar Sandgrouse The Madagascar Sandgrouse is a species of bird in the Pteroclididae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.... Madagascar Blue Pigeon Madagascar Green Pigeon Madagascar Turtle Dove * Grey-headed Lovebird Grey-headed Lovebird The Grey-headed Lovebird or Madagascar Lovebird is a small species of parrot of the lovebird genus. It is a mainly green parrot. The species is sexually dimorphic and only the adult male had a grey upper body. They are native on the island of Madagascar and are the only lovebird species which are...  * Red-capped Coua Red-capped Coua The Red-capped Coua is a species of cuckoo in the Cuculidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:... Running Coua Running Coua The Running Coua is a species of cuckoo in the Cuculidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 24 July 2007.... Giant Coua Giant Coua The Giant Coua is a bird species from the Cuckoo family that is endemic to the dry forests of western and southern Madagascar. It is suggested that Couas probably originated from a particular Asian ground-cuckoo . Genus Coua contains 10 species, more than any other genus in Madagascar... Coquerel's Coua Coquerel's Coua The Coquerel's Coua is a species of cuckoo in the Cuculidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.-References:... Red-breasted Coua Red-breasted Coua The Red-breasted Coua is a species of cuckoo in the Cuculidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 24 July 2007.... Red-fronted Coua Red-fronted Coua The Red-fronted Coua is a species of cuckoo in the Cuculidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:... Blue Coua Blue Coua The Blue Coua is a species of cuckoo in the Cuculidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, and subtropical or tropical moist montanes.The bird is a... Crested Coua Crested Coua The Crested Coua, Coua cristata, is a medium-sized, approximately 44cm long, greenish-grey coua with grey crest, blue bare orbital skin, rufous breast, brown iris, black bill and legs, white belly and long white-tipped purplish-blue tail feathers. They are very attractive birds.The Crested Coua is... Verreaux's Coua Verreaux's Coua Verreaux's Coua is a species of cuckoo in the Cuculidae family. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its name commemorates French ornithologist and collector Jules Verreaux.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.... Madagascar Long-eared Owl Madagascar Long-eared Owl The Madagascar Owl, Asio madagascariensis, also known as the Madagascar Long-eared Owl, is a medium sized owl endemic to the island of Madagascar. It is sometimes considered to be conspecific with the Long-eared Owl, Asio otus... Madagascar Red Owl Madagascar Red Owl The Madagascar Red Owl, Tyto soumagnei, is an owl in the barn owl family Tytonidae. It is also known as the Madagascar Grass-owl and Soumange's Owl. It is a rare resident of Madagascar that was virtually unknown from its discovery in 1878 to its rediscovery by researchers from the World Wide Fund... White-browed Hawk-owl White-browed Hawk-owl The White-browed Hawk-Owl is a species of owl in the Strigidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes.-References:... Malagasy Scops-owl Malagasy Scops-owl The Rainforest Scops Owl , also known as the Malagasy Scops Owl or Madagascar Scops Owl, is a species of owl in the Strigidae family. It is found in a large part of eastern Madagascar, but the exact distribution limits between it and the Torotoroka Scops Owl The Rainforest Scops Owl (Otus rutilus),... Collared Nightjar Collared Nightjar The Collared Nightjar is a species of nightjar in the Caprimulgidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests.... Madagascar Pygmy Kingfisher Scaly Ground-roller Scaly Ground-roller The Scaly Ground Roller is a species of bird in the Brachypteraciidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:... Short-legged Ground-roller Short-legged Ground-roller The Short-legged Ground Roller is a species of bird in the Brachypteraciidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.It is threatened by habitat loss.... Pitta-like Ground-roller Pitta-like Ground-roller The Pitta-like Ground Roller is a species of bird in the Brachypteraciidae family. It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes.... Rufous-headed Ground-roller Rufous-headed Ground-roller The Rufous-headed Ground Roller is a species of bird in the Brachypteraciidae family. It is endemic to Madagascar.-Source:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 19 September 2007.... Long-tailed Ground-roller Long-tailed Ground-roller The Long-tailed Ground Roller is a species of bird in the family Brachypteraciidae, and is placed in the monotypic genus Uratelornis. This bird is endemic to arid spiny forests near the coast in southwestern Madagascar. It occurs in extremely low population densities throughout its habitat...

Passerines Velvet Asity Velvet Asity The Velvet Asity, Philepitta castanea, is a species of bird in the Philepittidae family. It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:... Schlegel's Asity Schlegel's Asity The Schlegel's Asity is a species of bird in the Philepittidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.... Common Sunbird-asity Common Sunbird-asity The Common Sunbird-asity or Sunbird Asity, Neodrepanis coruscans, is a species of bird in the Philepittidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.- References :... Yellow-bellied Sunbird-asity Yellow-bellied Sunbird-asity The Yellow-bellied Sunbird-asity, Neodrepanis hypoxantha, is a small species of bird from the asity family. The species is endemic to montane forest above 1600 m on the island of Madagascar. The species is sometimes known simply as the Yellow-bellied Asity... Appert's Greenbul Grey-crowned Greenbul Dusky Greenbul Dusky Greenbul The Dusky Tetraka is a species of Old World warbler in the Bernieridae family. It is found only in Madagascar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.... Long-billed Greenbul Spectacled Greenbul Spectacled Greenbul The Spectacled Tetraka is a species of Malagasy warbler in the Bernieridae family. It is found only in Madagascar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:... Yellow-browed Oxylabes White-throated Oxylabes White-throated Oxylabes The White-throated Oxylabes is a species of passerine once thought to be a species of Old World warbler in the Sylviidae family. It is found only in Madagascar... Crossley's Babbler Crossley's Babbler The Crossley's Vanga , also known as Crossley's Babbler-vanga, Crossley's Babbler, or Madagascar Groundjumper, is a bird species in the family Vangidae. It is in the monotypic genus Mystacornis. The species was once placed in the Old World babbler family Timaliidae and its position with the vangas... Madagascar Magpie-robin Madagascar Magpie-robin The Madagascar Magpie-robin is a species of bird in the Muscicapidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.... Amber Mountain Rock-thrush Amber Mountain Rock-thrush The Amber Mountain Rock-thrush is a songbird in the family Muscicapidae, formerly placed in the Turdidae together with the other chats. It was for long included in the Forest Rock Thrush as a subspecies, but it is usually considered a separate species nowadays.It is endemic to Madagascar... Forest Rock-thrush Forest Rock-thrush The Forest Rock Thrush is a songbird in the family Muscicapidae, formerly placed in the Turdidae together with the other chats. It nowadays usually includes Benson's Rock Thrush as a subspecies M. s. bensoni, while the Amber Mountain Rock-thrush has been raised to distinct species status.It is... Littoral Rock-thrush Littoral Rock-thrush The Littoral Rock Thrush , previously classified as Pseudocossyphus imerinus, is a species of bird in the Muscicapidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.-Taxonomy:... Madagascar Wagtail Madagascar Wagtail The Madagascar Wagtail is a species of bird in the Motacillidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland and rivers.-References:... Ward's Flycatcher Ward's Flycatcher The Ward's Flycatcher , also known as Ward's Flycatcher-vanga is a species of bird in the Vangidae family. It is monotypic within the genus Pseudobias. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . ... Common Newtonia Common Newtonia The Common Newtonia is a species of bird in the Vangidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.... Dark Newtonia Dark Newtonia The Dark Newtonia is a species of bird in the Vangidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:... Archbold's Newtonia Archbold's Newtonia The Archbold's Newtonia is a species of bird in the Vangidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.-References:... Red-tailed Newtonia Red-tailed Newtonia The Red-tailed Newtonia is a species of bird in the Vangidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:... Madagascar Lark Madagascar Lark The Madagascar Lark is a species of lark endemic to Madagascar in the Alaudidae family.- Range and population :The range of the Madagascar Lark is large, with an estimated global Extent of Occurrence between 100,000 and 1,000,000 km2.- Habitat :Its natural habitats are dry savanna and... Madagascar Swamp-warbler Madagascar Swamp-warbler The Madagascar Swamp-warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the Acrocephalidae family.It is found only in Madagascar.Its natural habitat is swamps.-References:... Thamnornis Warbler Thamnornis Warbler The Thamnornis Warbler is a species of Malagasy warbler in the family Bernieridae.It is found only in Madagascar.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.... Lantz's Brush-warbler Lantz's Brush-warbler The Subdesert Brush Warbler , also known as Lantz's Brush-Warbler, is a species of Old World warbler in the Acrocephalidae family. It is found only in Madagascar.-References:... Grey Emu-tail Grey Emu-tail The Grey Emu-Tail , also known as the Madagascan Grassbird or Feather-tailed Warbler, is a species of Old World warbler in the Sylviidae family.It is found only in Madagascar.... Brown Emu-tail Brown Emu-tail The Brown Emu-Tail is a species of Old World warbler in the Megaluridae family.It is found only in Madagascar.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:... Common Jery Common Jery The Common Jery is a species of bird in the Cisticolidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:... Stripe-throated Jery Stripe-throated Jery The Stripe-throated Jery is a species of bird in the Cisticolidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests....

Green Jery Green Jery The Green Jery is a species of bird in the Cisticolidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:... Wedge-tailed Jery Wedge-tailed Jery The Wedge-tailed Jery is a small bird endemic to the east of Madagascar. The species has been the cause of some taxonomic confusion, it was originally placed with the jeries in the genus Neomixis before being placed in its own monotypic genus Hartertula, but still considered close to Neomixis... Rand's Warbler Rand's Warbler The Rand's Warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the Sylviidae family. It is found only in Madagascar.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.... Cryptic Warbler Cryptic Warbler The Cryptic Warbler is a species of Malagasy warbler in the Bernieriidae family. It was formerly placed in the Old world warbler family Sylviidae. It is endemic to Madagascar.-References:... Nuthatch Vanga Nuthatch Vanga The Nuthatch Vanga , also known as the Coral-billed Nuthatch-vanga and formerly as the Coral-billed Nuthatch, is a species of bird in the Vangidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.... White-headed Vanga White-headed Vanga The White-headed Vanga is a species of bird in the Vangidae family. It is monotypic within the genus Artamella. It is endemic to Madagascar.... Chabert's Vanga Chabert's Vanga The Chabert Vanga , also erroneously called "Chabert's Vanga", is a species of bird in the Vangidae family. It is monotypic within the genus Leptopterus. It is endemic to Madagascar... Blue Vanga Blue Vanga The Blue Vanga is a bird species in the family Vangidae. It is in the monotypic genus Cyanolanius. The taxon comorensis, by most authorities considered a subspecies of the Blue Vanga, has occasionally been considered a separate species, the Comoro Blue Vanga .It is found in Comoros, Madagascar, and... Helmet Vanga Helmet Vanga The Helmet VangaEuryceros prevostii is a distinctive-looking bird of the vanga family, Vangidae, and is classified in its own genus Euryceros. It is mainly blue-black in colour, with rufous wings and a huge arched blue bill. It is restricted to lowland and lower montane rainforests of northeastern... Sickle-billed Vanga Sickle-billed Vanga The Sickle-billed Vanga is a species of bird in the vanga family Vangidae. It is monotypic within the genus Falculea. It is endemic to Madagascar... Rufous Vanga Rufous Vanga The Rufous Vanga is a species of bird in the Vangidae family. It is monotypic within the genus Schetba. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . ... Bernier's Vanga Bernier's Vanga The Bernier's Vanga is a bird species in the family Vangidae. It is in the monotypic genus Oriolia. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 26... Red-shouldered Vanga Red-shouldered Vanga The Red-shouldered Vanga is a member of the vanga family endemic to south-west Madagascar.This species is notable for being the last species viewed by internationally renowned bird watcher Phoebe Snetsinger before her 1999 death in Madagascar.-Description:Like many of the vangas, this species is... Red-tailed Vanga Red-tailed Vanga The Red-tailed Vanga is a species of bird in the Vangidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:... Lafresnaye's Vanga Lafresnaye's Vanga The Lafresnaye's Vanga is a species of bird in the Vangidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.-References:... Hook-billed Vanga Hook-billed Vanga The Hook-billed Vanga is a species of bird in the Vangidae family. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. ... Pollen's Vanga Pollen's Vanga The Pollen's Vanga is a species of bird in the Vangidae family. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . ... Van Dam's Vanga Van Dam's Vanga The Van Dam's Vanga is a species of bird in the Vangidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:... Tylas Vanga Tylas Vanga The Tylas Vanga is a species of bird in the Vangidae family. It is monotypic within the genus Tylas. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . ... Ashy Cuckoo-shrike Ashy Cuckoo-shrike The Madagascar Cuckooshrike , also known as the Ashy Cuckooshrike, is a species of bird in the Campephagidae family... Madagascar Starling Madagascar Starling The Madagascar Starling is a species of starling in the Sturnidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . ... Forest Fody Forest Fody The Forest Fody is a species of bird in the Ploceidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 25 July 2007.... Madagascar Fody Madagascar Fody The Red Fody , sometimes known as the Red Cardinal Fody or Common Fody, is a small bird native to Madagascar....  * Sakalava Weaver Sakalava Weaver The Sakalava Weaver is a species of bird in the Ploceidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.-References:... Nelicourvi Weaver Nelicourvi Weaver The Nelicourvi Weaver is a species of bird in the Ploceidae family.It is endemic to Madagascar.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:... Madagascar Munia Madagascar Munia The Madagascar Mannikin Lonchura nana is a common species of estrildid finch native to Madagascar. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 100,000 to 1,000,000 km²....

Note that:

• Madagascar Partridge is endemic as a native species to Madagascar, but has been introduced on the Mascarenes
• Madagascar Buttonquail is endemic as a native species to Madagascar, but has been introduced on the Mascarenes
• Madagascar Turtle Dove is endemic as a native species to Madagascar, but is thought to be an introduced species on the other islands in the region
• Grey-headed Lovebird is endemic as a native species to Madagascar, but has been introduced to the Comoro Islands
• Madagascar Fody is endemic as a native species to Madagascar, but has been introduced to many of the other islands in the region

Species endemic to other islands or island groups in the region

The following is a list of species endemic to other islands.

Species endemic to the Mascarene group

• Mauritius Kestrel
  Mauritius Kestrel
  The Mauritius Kestrel is a bird of prey from the family Falconidae endemic to the forests of Mauritius, where it is restricted to the southwestern plateau's forests, cliffs, and ravines.It is the most distinct of the Indian Ocean kestrels...
  
  
• Pink Pigeon
  Pink Pigeon
  The Pink Pigeon, Columba mayeri, is a species of Columbidae endemic to Mauritius, and is now very rare. It was on the brink of extinction in 1991 when only 10 individuals remained, but its numbers have increased due to the efforts of the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust since 1977...
  
  
• Mauritius Parakeet
  Mauritius Parakeet
  The Mauritius Parakeet , also known as Echo Parakeet, is the sole survivor of the Psittacula species which inhabited the southern Indian ocean islands near Madagascar. Its local name is katover.-Taxonomy:...
  
  
• Mascarene Swiftlet
  Mascarene Swiftlet
  The Mascarene Swiftlet is a species of swift in the Apodidae family.It is found in Mauritius and Réunion.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, caves, arable land, and...
  
  
• Réunion Bulbul
  Réunion Bulbul
  The Réunion Bulbul , also known as Olivaceous Bulbul, is a passerine endemic to Réunion. Formerly, the Mauritius Bulbul was included here as subspecies olivaceus, but nowadays H. borbonicus is considered monotypic.-Description:It looks similar to the Mauritius Bulbul but with 22 cm it is...
  
  
• Mauritius Bulbul
  Mauritius Bulbul
  The Mauritius Bulbul , also known as Mauritius Black Bulbul, is a songbird endemic to Mauritius. Formerly, it was included in H. borbonicus as subspecies olivaceus....
  
  
• Réunion Stonechat
  Reunion Stonechat
  The Reunion Stonechat is a species of stonechat, endemic to the island of Réunion. This small passerine bird is common in clearings and open mountain bushlands there. Overall, the male is black above and white below, but also with a white supercilium , half-collar, and greater covert patch, and a...
  
  
• Mascarene Paradise Flycatcher
• Rodrigues Warbler
  Rodrigues Warbler
  The Rodrigues Warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the Acrocephalidae family.It is found only on Rodrigues, which belongs to Mauritius....
  
  
• Mauritius Olive White-eye
  Mauritius Olive White-eye
  The Mauritius Olive White-eye is a very rare passerine from the family of white-eyes . It is endemic to the island of Mauritius.-Description:...
  
  
• Réunion Olive White-eye
  Réunion Olive White-eye
  The Réunion Olive White-eye is a species of bird in the Zosteropidae family.It is found in Mauritius and Réunion.Its natural habitats are boreal forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland.-References:...
  
  
• Mauritius Grey White-eye
• Réunion Grey White-eye
• Mauritius Cuckoo-shrike
  Mauritius Cuckoo-shrike
  The Mauritius Cuckooshrike is a species of bird in the Campephagidae family.It is endemic to Mauritius.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.It is threatened by habitat loss.-External links:*...
  
  
• Réunion Cuckoo-shrike
  Reunion Cuckoo-shrike
  The Réunion Cuckoo-shrike, Coracina newtoni, is a critically endangered forest bird from the island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean. This species in the cuckoo-shrike family is restricted to two small patches of forest in the north of the island....
  
  
• Mauritius Fody
  Mauritius Fody
  The Mauritius Fody is a rare species of bird in the weaver family. It is endemic to the island of Mauritius. It is classified by BirdLife International as being endangered. It is also on the United States' Endangered Species List with an endangered status.This bird is 14 centimeters long...
  
  
• Rodrigues Fody
  Rodrigues Fody
  The Rodrigues Fody is a rare species of bird in the weaver family. It is endemic to Rodrigues, an island of Mauritius. It is classified by BirdLife International as being vulnerable. It is also on the United States' Endangered Species List with an endangered status.This bird is 12 to 13...
  
  

Species endemic to the Comoros

• Comoro Olive Pigeon
• Comoro Green Pigeon
• Karthala Scops-owl
• Anjouan Scops-owl
• Anjouan Cuckoo-roller
• Comoro Bulbul
  Comoro Bulbul
  The Comoro Bulbul is a species of songbird in the Pycnonotidae family.It is found in Comoros and Mayotte.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.-References:...
  
  
• Comoro Thrush
  Comoro Thrush
  The Comoro Thrush is a species of bird in the Turdidae family.It is found in Comoros and Mayotte.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:...
  
  
• Humblot's Flycatcher
  Humblot's Flycatcher
  Humblot's Flycatcher or the Grand Comoro Flycatcher is a small passerine bird belonging to the Old World flycatcher family. It is the only member of the its genus...
  
  
• Comoro Brush-warbler
• Benson's Brush-warbler
• Kirk's White-eye
• Karthala White-eye
• Mayotte White-eye
• Comoro Green Sunbird
• Humblot's Sunbird
  Humblot's Sunbird
  The Humblot's Sunbird is a species of bird in the Nectariniidae family.It is endemic to the islands of Grand Comoro and Mohéli in the Comoros....
  
  
• Anjouan Sunbird
  Anjouan Sunbird
  The Anjouan Sunbird is a species of bird in the Nectariniidae family.It is endemic to Anjouan island in the Comoros....
  
  
• Mayotte Sunbird
  Mayotte Sunbird
  The Mayotte Sunbird is a species of bird in the Nectariniidae family.It is endemic to Mayotte and surrounding islets in the southeastern Comoros.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests....
  
  
• Comoro Blue Vanga
• Comoro Cuckoo-shrike
• Mayotte Drongo
  Mayotte Drongo
  The Mayotte Drongo is a species of bird in the Dicruridae family.It is endemic to Mayotte.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, and plantations .It is threatened by habitat...
  
  
• Grande Comore Drongo
• Comoro Fody

Species endemic to central Seychelles

• Seychelles Kestrel
  Seychelles Kestrel
  The Seychelles Kestrel is a small bird of prey belonging to the genus Falco in the falcon family, Falconidae. It is endemic to the Seychelles Islands where it is the only breeding bird of prey...
  
  
• Seychelles Blue Pigeon
  Seychelles Blue Pigeon
  The Seychelles Blue Pigeon is a medium-sized pigeon which inhabits woodland areas of the granitic Seychelles archipelago....
  
  
• Seychelles Black Parrot
  Seychelles Black Parrot
  The Seychelles Black Parrot, Praslin Parrot or Kato Nwar is a sombre-coloured, medium-sized parrot endemic to the Seychelles. It is usually treated as a subspecies of the Lesser Vasa Parrot, though it is sometimes considered a full species...
  
  
• Seychelles Scops-owl
• Seychelles Swiftlet
  Seychelles Swiftlet
  The Seychelles Swiftlet is a small bird of the swift family. It is found only in the Seychelles Islands in the Indian Ocean....
  
  
• Seychelles Magpie-robin
• Seychelles Black Paradise Flycatcher
• Seychelles Warbler
  Seychelles Warbler
  The Seychelles Warbler , also known as Seychelles Brush-warbler, is a small songbird found on four granitic and corraline islands in the Seychelles. It is a greenish-brown bird with long legs and a long slender bill. It is primarily found in forested areas on the islands...
  
  
• Seychelles White-eye
  Seychelles White-eye
  The Seychelles White-eye is a rare warbler-like perching bird from the family of white-eyes . It is endemic to the Seychelles.-Description:...
  
  
• Seychelles Sunbird
  Seychelles Sunbird
  The Seychelles Sunbird is a small passerine from the family of sunbirds. It is named after the French explorer Jean-Jacques Dussumier. It is native to the Seychelles, where it is known as kolibri in Seychellois Creole. This bird is variously placed in the Cinnyris genus.- Description :It can reach...
  
  
• Seychelles Fody
  Seychelles Fody
  The Seychelles Fody Foudia sechellarum is a small yellowish songbird that lives in the Seychelles islands of Aride Island, Cousin Island, Cousine Island, Fregate Island, D'Arros Island and as of 2004 Denis Island. The IUCN has recently changed the status of the bird from "endangered" to "near...
  
  

Species endemic to the Aldabra islands

• Aldabra Rail
• Aldabra Brush-warbler
  Aldabra Brush Warbler
  The Aldabra Brush Warbler is an extinct bird in the acrocephalid warbler family. It was endemic to the atoll of Aldabra in the Seychelles.-Description:This bird reached a total length of 18-20 cm...
  
  
• Abbott's Sunbird
• Aldabra Drongo
  Aldabra Drongo
  The Aldabra Drongo is a species of bird in the drongo family Dicruridae.It is endemic to Seychelles, where it occurs only on the island of Aldabra. It has a small population of only around 1000 birds....
  
  
• Aldabra Fody

There are native Madagascar Turtle Doves in the Aldabra group (separate races from those found on Madagascar); they may represent a separate species.

Other species endemic to the region

The following is a list of species which are not endemic to a specific island (or island group) but are endemic to the region as a whole.

• Madagascar Sacred Ibis
  Madagascar Sacred Ibis
  The Malagasy Sacred Ibis is a species of bird in the Threskiornithidae family. It is found in Madagascar and Seychelles. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, estuarine waters, intertidal flats, and coastal saline lagoons. It is threatened by habitat...
  
   (Aldabra, western coast of Madagascar)
• Réunion Harrier
  Réunion Harrier
  The Réunion Harrier or Réunion Marsh Harrier is a bird of prey belonging to the marsh harrier group of harriers. It is now found only on the Indian Ocean island of Réunion where it is known locally as the papangue or pied jaune, although fossil material from Mauritius has been referred to this...
  
   (Madagascar, Comoros, Mascarenes)
• Frances's Sparrowhawk
  Frances's Sparrowhawk
  Frances' Goshawk is a small hawk. The nominate subspecies, A. f. francesiae, is endemic to Madagascar. The race from Anjouan, Accipiter francesiae pusillus is possibly extinct....
  
   (Madagascar, Comoros)
• Madagascar Kestrel
  Madagascar Kestrel
  The Madagascar Kestrel , also known as Malagasy Spotted Kestrel, Newton's Kestrel, Madagascar Spotted Kestrel, katiti or hitsikitsika , is a small bird of prey of the genus Falco. It is named after British ornithologist Edward Newton. It occurs in two subspecies on Madagascar and at Aldabra...
  
   (Madagascar, Aldabra)
• Comoro Blue Pigeon (Comoros, Aldabra)
• Greater Vasa Parrot
  Greater Vasa Parrot
  The Greater Vasa Parrot Coracopsis vasa is one of two species of vasa parrot, the other being the Lesser Vasa Parrot C. nigra. The Greater vasa parrot can be found throughout Madagascar and the Comoros...
  
   (Madagascar, Comoros)
• Lesser Vasa Parrot
  Lesser Vasa Parrot
  The Lesser Vasa Parrot or Black Parrot Coracopsis nigra is a black coloured parrot native to Comoros, Madagascar, Mayotte, and Seychelles. It is one of two species of vasa parrots, the other being the Greater Vasa Parrot C. vasa; although, the subspecies C. n...
  
   (Madagascar, Comoros)
• Madagascar Coucal
  Madagascar Coucal
  The Malagasy Coucal or Madagascar Coucal is a species of cuckoo in the Cuculidae family. It is found in Madagascar, the Comoros and the Seychelles where it occurs on Aldabra and formerly on Assumption Island and Cosmoledo...
  
   (Madagascar, Aldabra)
• Madagascar Scops Owl (Madagascar, Comoros)
• Madagascar Nightjar
  Madagascar Nightjar
  The Madagascar Nightjar is a species of nightjar in the Caprimulgidae family.It is found in Comoros, Madagascar, Mayotte, and Seychelles....
  
   (Madagascar, Aldabra)
• Madagascar Black Swift (Madagascar, Comoros)
• Madagascar Spine-tailed Swift (Madagascar, Comoros)
• Madagascar Kingfisher
  Madagascar Kingfisher
  The Malagasy Kingfisher or Madagascar Kingfisher is a species of bird in the Alcedinidae family.It is found in Madagascar, and Mayotte .Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical mangrove forests....
  
   (Madagascar, Comoros)
• Madagascar Bee-eater
  Madagascar Bee-eater
  The Olive Bee-eater, is a near passerine bee-eater species in the genus Merops.-References: Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern...
  
   (Madagascar, Comoros)
• Madagascar Cuckoo-roller (Madagascar, Comoros)
• Mascarene Martin
  Mascarene Martin
  The Mascarene Martin is a species of bird in the Hirundinidae family.It is found in Comoros, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Réunion, Seychelles, and Tanzania.-References:...
  
   (Madagascar, Mascarenes)
• Madagascar Bulbul
  Madagascar Bulbul
  The Malagasy Bulbul , also known as the Madagascar Bulbul, is a species of songbird in the Pycnonotidae family. It is found on the Comoros, Madagascar, Mayotte, and the Seychelles.-References:...
  
   (Madagascar, Comoros, Aldabra)
• Madagascar Paradise Flycatcher (Madagascar, Comoros)
• Madagascar Cisticola
  Madagascar Cisticola
  The Madagascar Cisticola is a species of bird in the cisticola family . It forms a superspecies with the closely related Zitting Cisticola and the Socotra Cisticola....
  
   (Madagascar, Aldabra group)
• Madagascar Brush-warbler
  Madagascar Brush-warbler
  The Malagasy Brush Warbler , also known as the Madagascar Brush-Warbler, is a species of Old World warbler in the Acrocephalidae family. It is found in Comoros and Madagascar...
  
   (Madagascar, Mohéli, Anjouan)
• Madagascar White-eye (Madagascar, various other islands)
• Madagascar Green Sunbird (Madagascar, Mohéli)
• Souimanga Sunbird
  Souimanga Sunbird
  The Souimanga Sunbird is a small passerine bird of the sunbird family, Nectariniidae. It is native to the islands of the western Indian Ocean where it occurs on Madagascar, the Aldabra Group and the Glorioso Islands....
  
   (Aldabra, Madagascar)
• Crested Drongo
  Crested Drongo
  The Crested Drongo is a species of bird in the Dicruridae family.It is found in Comoros, Madagascar, and Mayotte....
  
   (Madagascar, Anjouan)

Near-endemics

The following is a list of species endemic to the region as breeding species:

• Madagascar Squacco Heron (breeding endemic on Madagascar & Aldabra, migrates to East Africa
  East Africa
  East Africa or Eastern Africa is the easterly region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics. In the UN scheme of geographic regions, 19 territories constitute Eastern Africa:...
  
  )
• Madagascar Lesser Cuckoo (endemic to Madagascar in the breeding season, winters in East Africa).

Two Western Palearctic falcons winter entirely (Eleonora's Falcon

Eleonora's Falcon

Eleonora's Falcon is a medium-sized falcon. It belongs to the hobby group, a rather close-knit number of similar falcons often considered a subgenus Hypotriorchis. The Sooty Falcon is sometimes considered its closest relative, but while they certainly belong to the same lineage, they do not seem...

) or mainly (Sooty Falcon

Sooty Falcon

The Sooty Falcon is a medium-sized falcon breeding from northeastern Africa to the southern Persian Gulf region. It belongs to the hobby group, a rather close-knit number of similar falcons often considered a subgenus Hypotriorchis...

) on Madagascar.

The following restricted-range species are also found in the region:
The following seabirds are restricted to the region as breeders: