Emiliano Chamorro Vargas
Encyclopedia
Emiliano Chamorro Vargas (11 May 1871 Acoyapa
26 February 1966 Managua
) was the President
of Nicaragua
from 1 January 1917 to 1 January 1921 and again from 14 March 1926 to 11 November 1926.
He was the son of Salvador Chamorro Oreamuno and wife Gregoria Vargas Báez, paternal grandson of Dionisio Chamorro Alfaro and wife Mercedes Oreamuno ..., grand-nephew of Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Alfaro, 39th President of Nicaragua, and Fernando Chamorro Alfaro
and half-grand-nephew of Fruto Chamorro Pérez, 30th and 31st President of Nicaragua.
Chamorro's
first foray into politics came in 1893, when he participated in the failed revolution to topple President José Santos Zelaya
. When Zelaya was finally removed in a 1909 coup led by Juan José Estrada
, Chamorro became Chairman of the Constituent Assembly and leader of the country's Conservative Party
.
In reward for his assistance in defeating the revolt against President Adolfo Díaz
, Chamorro was appointed Nicaragua's Minister to the United States
. In 1914, he negotiated the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty
with the United States, by which Nicaragua agreed to allow the construction of a canal across the country, linking the Caribbean
with the Pacific Ocean
(a canal which has not been constructed).
He returned to Nicaragua in 1916, and was elected president. During his term in office he made a concentrated effort to pay off the country's creditors. Running again for office in 1923, he was defeated by Carlos José Solórzano
. In 1926, he led a successful coup to overthrow Solórzano, but his new government failed to win American support, and he eventually resigned in favor of Adolfo Díaz
.
In the following years, Chamorro served as Nicaragua's minister to several European states. Originally opposed to the dictatorship of Anastasio Somoza García
, he eventually reached a compromise in 1950 (The Pact of the Generalshttp://sshl.ucsd.edu/collections/las/nicaragua/1937.html), whereby the Conservative Party was granted a number of seats in the Congress. This, however, cost him the support of many radical members of the Conservative Party.
Acoyapa
Acoyapa is a municipality in the Chontales department of Nicaragua....
26 February 1966 Managua
Managua
Managua is the capital city of Nicaragua as well as the department and municipality by the same name. It is the largest city in Nicaragua in terms of population and geographic size. Located on the southwestern shore of Lake Xolotlán or Lake Managua, the city was declared the national capital in...
) was the President
President of Nicaragua
The position of President of Nicaragua was created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1838 the title of the position was known as Head of State and from 1838 to 1854 as Supreme Director .-Heads of State of Nicaragua within the Federal Republic of Central America...
of Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua is the largest country in the Central American American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean...
from 1 January 1917 to 1 January 1921 and again from 14 March 1926 to 11 November 1926.
He was the son of Salvador Chamorro Oreamuno and wife Gregoria Vargas Báez, paternal grandson of Dionisio Chamorro Alfaro and wife Mercedes Oreamuno ..., grand-nephew of Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Alfaro, 39th President of Nicaragua, and Fernando Chamorro Alfaro
Fernando Chamorro Alfaro
Fernando Chamorro Alfaro was a General and member of the governing junta of Nicaragua .Fernando Chamorro was a firm supporter of the Conservative Party, which was dominated during his youth by his half-brother and guardian, Fruto Chamorro...
and half-grand-nephew of Fruto Chamorro Pérez, 30th and 31st President of Nicaragua.
Chamorro's
Chamorro (family)
The Chamorro family has its origin in Spain. A branch of the family became prominent in Nicaragua in the 18th century and its influence continues to the present. Historically, the Chamorros have been closely associated with the Conservatives, but the Sandinista Revolution has divided their...
first foray into politics came in 1893, when he participated in the failed revolution to topple President José Santos Zelaya
José Santos Zelaya
José Santos Zelaya López was the President of Nicaragua from 25 July 1893 to 21 December 1909.-Early life:He was a son of José María Zelaya Irigoyen, born in Nicaragua, and mistress Juana López Ramírez...
. When Zelaya was finally removed in a 1909 coup led by Juan José Estrada
Juan José Estrada
Juan José Estrada Morales was the President of Nicaragua from 30 August 1910 to 9 May 1911.-Biography:He was a member of the Conservative Party of Nicaragua. He began a rebellion against the liberal government of José Santos Zelaya in 1909. Zelaya soon resigned, and in August 1910 the unstable...
, Chamorro became Chairman of the Constituent Assembly and leader of the country's Conservative Party
Conservative Party of Nicaragua
The Conservative Party is a conservative political party in Nicaragua.The party's colour is green and its emblem is a torch of freedom in a circle. Its slogan is “Dios, Orden, Justicia” , often depicted on the three sides of a triangle.-History:The conservative party is the oldest currently...
.
In reward for his assistance in defeating the revolt against President Adolfo Díaz
Adolfo Díaz
Adolfo Díaz Recinos was the President of Nicaragua between 9 May 1911 and 1 January 1917 and between 14 November 1926 and 1 January 1929...
, Chamorro was appointed Nicaragua's Minister to the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. In 1914, he negotiated the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty
Bryan-Chamorro Treaty
The Bryan-Chamorro Treaty was signed on August 5, 1914 under the approval of the Taft administration. The Wilson administration changed the treaty by adding a provision similar in language to that of the Platt Amendment, which would have authorized U.S. military intervention in Nicaragua...
with the United States, by which Nicaragua agreed to allow the construction of a canal across the country, linking the Caribbean
Caribbean
The Caribbean is a crescent-shaped group of islands more than 2,000 miles long separating the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, to the west and south, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and north...
with the Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.At 165.2 million square kilometres in area, this largest division of the World...
(a canal which has not been constructed).
He returned to Nicaragua in 1916, and was elected president. During his term in office he made a concentrated effort to pay off the country's creditors. Running again for office in 1923, he was defeated by Carlos José Solórzano
Carlos José Solórzano
Carlos José Solórzano Gutiérrez was the President of Nicaragua between 1 January 1925 and 14 March 1926.-Biography:...
. In 1926, he led a successful coup to overthrow Solórzano, but his new government failed to win American support, and he eventually resigned in favor of Adolfo Díaz
Adolfo Díaz
Adolfo Díaz Recinos was the President of Nicaragua between 9 May 1911 and 1 January 1917 and between 14 November 1926 and 1 January 1929...
.
In the following years, Chamorro served as Nicaragua's minister to several European states. Originally opposed to the dictatorship of Anastasio Somoza García
Anastasio Somoza García
Anastasio Somoza García was officially the President of Nicaragua from 1 January 1937 to 1 May 1947 and from 21 May 1950 to 29 September 1956, but ruled effectively as dictator from 1936 until his assassination.-Biography:Somoza was born in San Marcos, Carazo Department in Nicaragua, the son of...
, he eventually reached a compromise in 1950 (The Pact of the Generalshttp://sshl.ucsd.edu/collections/las/nicaragua/1937.html), whereby the Conservative Party was granted a number of seats in the Congress. This, however, cost him the support of many radical members of the Conservative Party.