Elaenia
Encyclopedia
Elaenia is a genus of passerine
bird
s in the tyrant flycatcher
family which occur in Central
and South America
. Except by voice, specific identification is often difficult since many species are very similar.
Elaenia flycatchers are typically brownish, greyish or olive above, and off-white and/or pale yellow on the belly, with a white or pale yellowish eye-ring of variable strength and two or three wing bars. Some species show a crest; often with a semi-concealed white patch/streak.
Passerine
A passerine is a bird of the order Passeriformes, which includes more than half of all bird species. Sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds, the passerines form one of the most diverse terrestrial vertebrate orders: with over 5,000 identified species, it has roughly...
bird
Bird
Birds are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic , egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species and 188 families makes them the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from...
s in the tyrant flycatcher
Tyrant flycatcher
The tyrant flycatchers are a family of passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They are considered the largest family of birds on Earth, with more than 400 species. They are the most diverse avian family in every country in the Americas, except for the United States and...
family which occur in Central
Central America
Central America is the central geographic region of the Americas. It is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with South America on the southeast. When considered part of the unified continental model, it is considered a subcontinent...
and South America
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
. Except by voice, specific identification is often difficult since many species are very similar.
Elaenia flycatchers are typically brownish, greyish or olive above, and off-white and/or pale yellow on the belly, with a white or pale yellowish eye-ring of variable strength and two or three wing bars. Some species show a crest; often with a semi-concealed white patch/streak.
Species
- White-crested ElaeniaWhite-crested ElaeniaThe White-crested Elaenia is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family, the tyrant flycatchers. It has several subspecies breeding across southern and western parts of South America...
, Elaenia albiceps - Lesser ElaeniaLesser ElaeniaThe Lesser Elaenia is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family, the tyrant flycatchers.It is found in Argentina, Aruba, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Netherlands Antilles, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela...
, Elaenia chiriquensis - Plain-crested ElaeniaPlain-crested ElaeniaThe Plain-crested Elaenia is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela....
, Elaenia cristata - Great ElaeniaGreat ElaeniaThe Great Elaenia is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family, the tyrant flycatchers. It is endemic and restricted mostly to the higher altitude plateau-Tepuis of Venezuela and far northern Brazil, and may also occur in Guyana....
, Elaenia dayi - Greater Antillean ElaeniaGreater Antillean ElaeniaThe Greater Antillean Elaenia is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family. It is found in the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Jamaica....
, Elaenia fallax - Yellow-bellied ElaeniaYellow-bellied ElaeniaThe Yellow-bellied Elaenia, Elaenia flavogaster, is a small bird of the tyrant flycatcher family. It breeds from southern Mexico and the Yucatán Peninsula through Central and South America as far as northern Argentina, and on Trinidad and Tobago....
, Elaenia flavogaster - Mountain ElaeniaMountain ElaeniaThe Mountain Elaenia, Elaenia frantzii, is a small passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family. It breeds in highlands from Guatemala to Colombia and western Venezuela. The scientific name celebrates the German physician and naturalist, Alexander von Frantzius.This tyrant flycatcher is 14-15...
, Elaenia frantzii - Mottle-backed ElaeniaMottle-backed ElaeniaThe Mottle-backed Elaenia is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist shrubland and heavily degraded former forest....
, Elaenia gigas - Caribbean ElaeniaCaribbean ElaeniaThe Caribbean Elaenia is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family.It is found in Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Barbados, Belize, Cayman Islands, Colombia , Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mexico , Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint...
, Elaenia martinica - Olivaceous ElaeniaOlivaceous ElaeniaThe Olivaceous Elaenia is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family.It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay....
, Elaenia mesoleuca - Highland ElaeniaHighland ElaeniaThe Highland Elaenia is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family, the tyrant flycatchers.It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay....
, Elaenia obscura - Sierran ElaeniaSierran ElaeniaThe Sierran Elaenia is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family.-Distribution and habitat:It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and heavily degraded former forest.-References:* BirdLife...
, Elaenia pallatangae - Small-billed ElaeniaSmall-billed ElaeniaThe Small-billed Elaenia is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family.It is found in Argentina, Aruba, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Netherlands Antilles, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela...
, Elaenia parvirostris - Brownish ElaeniaBrownish ElaeniaThe Brownish Elaenia is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family, the tyrant flycatchers.It is found along the Amazon Basin rivers of Brazil; also northern Peru and the adjacent border of Colombia; also Bolivia...
, Elaenia pelzelni - Noronha ElaeniaNoronha ElaeniaThe Noronha Elaenia is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family.It is endemic to Fernando de Noronha, Brazil. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the Large Elaenia....
, Elaenia ridleyana - Rufous-crowned ElaeniaRufous-crowned ElaeniaThe Rufous-crowned Elaenia is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family.It is found in Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela....
, Elaenia ruficeps - Large ElaeniaLarge ElaeniaThe Large Elaenia is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family.It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay....
, Elaenia spectabilis - Slaty ElaeniaSlaty ElaeniaThe Slaty Elaenia is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family.It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.-References:...
, Elaenia strepera