Dutch jazz
Encyclopedia
Dutch jazz refers to the jazz
music of the Netherlands
. The Dutch traditionally have a vibrant jazz scene as shown by the North Sea Jazz Festival
as well as other venues.
among others. Later Cab Calloway
and Duke Ellington
would perform in the nation sparking further interest.
Still there was some discomfort with the jazz clubs and fear the musicians would be corrupting on Dutch women. In addition to that the staffs were often Suriname
se and racial aspects came into play at times. The clubs also had Surinamese musicians like Teddy Cotton.
's occupation. In 1940 the US was not yet at war with Germany so the music was given a degree of freedom. Still restrictions on Jewish musicians had some effect and caused the Ramblers to fire several musicians. In some cases though Dutch jazz musicians aided Nazi propaganda at this point.
The situation began to change in 1941 as the war with the Soviet Union
and then the United States
led to restrictions. At first this limited them to performing in theatres and prohibited English-language names for bands. In time groups were forbidden to use the word "jazz" and restrictions grew severe. In some cases musicians adjusted by switching to Polynesian music, but in the case of Jewish musicians life became perilous. Later there would also be repressions of the Surinamese jazz musicians for being "Non-Aryan"
, Amsterdam
, and government funding. Since then many jazz musicians choose the Netherlands
as a place to study or settle. Examples of this include Sean Bergin
, Cab Kaye
, Wilbur Little
, and Michael Moore
, .
has been significant in the last few decades. In addition to that trad jazz
and smooth jazz
, the latter perhaps exemplified by Candy Dulfer
, also has many adherents. The Netherlands is also home to Stochelo Rosenberg
, one of the leading living figures in Gypsy jazz
.
The VPRO/Boy Edgar Award
is a jazz award from the Netherlands. This price is given to an individual that must have made significant contributions to the Dutch jazz scene over a significant period of time. In 2008 the price was given to Pierre Courbois
.
Jazz
Jazz is a musical style that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States. It was born out of a mix of African and European music traditions. From its early development until the present, jazz has incorporated music from 19th and 20th...
music of the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
. The Dutch traditionally have a vibrant jazz scene as shown by the North Sea Jazz Festival
North Sea Jazz Festival
The North Sea Jazz Festival is an annual jazz festival held each second weekend of July in the Netherlands at the Ahoy venue. It used to be in The Hague but since 2006 it has been held in Rotterdam...
as well as other venues.
Early period
In the Netherlands jazz began around 1919 to 1921. By the late 1920s the Dutch jazz group The Ramblers performed with Coleman HawkinsColeman Hawkins
Coleman Randolph Hawkins was an American jazz tenor saxophonist. Hawkins was one of the first prominent jazz musicians on his instrument. As Joachim E. Berendt explained, "there were some tenor players before him, but the instrument was not an acknowledged jazz horn"...
among others. Later Cab Calloway
Cab Calloway
Cabell "Cab" Calloway III was an American jazz singer and bandleader. He was strongly associated with the Cotton Club in Harlem, New York City where he was a regular performer....
and Duke Ellington
Duke Ellington
Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington was an American composer, pianist, and big band leader. Ellington wrote over 1,000 compositions...
would perform in the nation sparking further interest.
Still there was some discomfort with the jazz clubs and fear the musicians would be corrupting on Dutch women. In addition to that the staffs were often Suriname
Suriname
Suriname , officially the Republic of Suriname , is a country in northern South America. It borders French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west, Brazil to the south, and on the north by the Atlantic Ocean. Suriname was a former colony of the British and of the Dutch, and was previously known as...
se and racial aspects came into play at times. The clubs also had Surinamese musicians like Teddy Cotton.
The occupation and WWII
At least at first jazz in the Netherlands was not curtailed by Nazi GermanyNazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
's occupation. In 1940 the US was not yet at war with Germany so the music was given a degree of freedom. Still restrictions on Jewish musicians had some effect and caused the Ramblers to fire several musicians. In some cases though Dutch jazz musicians aided Nazi propaganda at this point.
The situation began to change in 1941 as the war with the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
and then the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
led to restrictions. At first this limited them to performing in theatres and prohibited English-language names for bands. In time groups were forbidden to use the word "jazz" and restrictions grew severe. In some cases musicians adjusted by switching to Polynesian music, but in the case of Jewish musicians life became perilous. Later there would also be repressions of the Surinamese jazz musicians for being "Non-Aryan"
Post-war
Dutch jazz musicians had reflected Americans before the war and this continued to varying degrees until the late 1950s. In the 1970s jazz gained acceptance in RotterdamRotterdam
Rotterdam is the second-largest city in the Netherlands and one of the largest ports in the world. Starting as a dam on the Rotte river, Rotterdam has grown into a major international commercial centre...
, Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam is the largest city and the capital of the Netherlands. The current position of Amsterdam as capital city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands is governed by the constitution of August 24, 1815 and its successors. Amsterdam has a population of 783,364 within city limits, an urban population...
, and government funding. Since then many jazz musicians choose the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
as a place to study or settle. Examples of this include Sean Bergin
Sean Bergin
Sean Bergin is an avant-garde jazz saxophonist and flautist originally from South AfricaBergin was born in Durban on June 29, 1948. He is saxophonist, flautist, composer, educator and bandleader....
, Cab Kaye
Cab Kaye
Nii-lante Augustus Kwamlah Quaye, better known as Cab Kaye was an English-Ghanaian-Dutch jazz musician, bandleader, entertainer, drummer, guitarist, pianist, songwriter and singer. His singing was influenced by Billie Holiday and he often accompanied himself on piano with a graceful, rhythmic style...
, Wilbur Little
Wilbur Little
Wilbur Little was an African American jazz bassist known for Hard bop and Post-bop. He originally played piano, but switched to bass after serving in the military. In 1949 he moved to Washington, DC where he worked with "Sir" Charles Thompson among others. After that he was in J. J...
, and Michael Moore
Michael Moore (saxophonist and clarinetist)
Michael Moore is an American-born jazz musician and composer who has resided in the Netherlands since 1982.- Background and career:...
, .
Styles
Dutch jazz includes various styles although avant garde and European free jazzEuropean free jazz
European free jazz is a part of the global free jazz scene with its own development and characteristics. It is hard to establish who are the founders of European free jazz because of the different developments in different European countries...
has been significant in the last few decades. In addition to that trad jazz
Trad jazz
Trad jazz - short for "traditional jazz" - refers to the Dixieland and Ragtime jazz styles of the early 20th century in contrast to any more modern style....
and smooth jazz
Smooth jazz
Smooth jazz is a genre of music that grew out of jazz fusion and is influenced by R&B, funk, rock, and pop music styles ....
, the latter perhaps exemplified by Candy Dulfer
Candy Dulfer
Candy Dulfer is a Dutch smooth jazz alto saxophonist who began playing at the age of six. She founded her band, Funky Stuff, when she was fourteen years old. Her debut album Saxuality received a Grammy Award nomination. Dulfer has released nine studio albums, two live albums, and one compilation...
, also has many adherents. The Netherlands is also home to Stochelo Rosenberg
Stochelo Rosenberg
Stochelo Rosenberg is a Sinti-Gypsy jazz guitarist who plays in the Jazz manouche style of Django Reinhardt and leads the Rosenberg Trio.-With The Rosenberg Trio: -Solo Albums:...
, one of the leading living figures in Gypsy jazz
Gypsy jazz
Gypsy jazz is an idiom often said to have been started by guitarist Jean "Django" Reinhardt in the 1930s. Because its origins are largely in France it is often called by the French name, "Jazz manouche," or alternatively, "manouche jazz," even in English language sources...
.
The VPRO/Boy Edgar Award
VPRO/Boy Edgar Award
The VPRO/Boy Edgar Award, is an annual award given to a Dutch jazz musician, composer, or bandleader. The individual must have made significant contributions to the Dutch jazz scene over a significant period of time. The award is a sculpture by Dutch fine artist Jan Wolkers, and a cash prize of...
is a jazz award from the Netherlands. This price is given to an individual that must have made significant contributions to the Dutch jazz scene over a significant period of time. In 2008 the price was given to Pierre Courbois
Pierre Courbois
Sir Pierre Courbois is a Dutch jazz-drummer, bandleader and composer.After studying percussion at the Hogeschool der Kunsten in Arnhem, Courbois left for Paris, the center of Jazz in Europe in the early 1960s...
.
Musicians
- Peter BeetsPeter BeetsPeter Beets is a Dutch jazz pianist. He has shared the stage with jazz greats like Chick Corea, Wynton Marsalis, Dee Dee Bridgewater, George Coleman, Johnny Griffin, Chris Potter and John Clayton...
- pianist - Han BenninkHan BenninkHan Bennink is a Dutch jazz drummer and percussionist. On occasion his recordings have featured his playing on clarinet, violin, banjo and piano....
- Percussionist - Bert BoerenBert BoerenBert Boeren is a Dutch jazz trombonist and educator.Boeren was born in Vught, Netherlands, 11 March 1962. He took up the trombone at the age of sixteen, and in 1981 he went to study classical music at the Conservatory in Utrecht, in 1983 moving to the Conservatory in Hilversum in order to study...
- Trombonist - Michiel BorstlapMichiel BorstlapMichiel Borstlap is a Dutch jazz pianist and composer.Borstlap started playing piano at the age of 5 years....
- Pianist and composer - Michiel BraamMichiel BraamMichiel Braam is a Dutch Jazz-Pianist and Composer.- Activities :He studied at the ArtEZ School of Music in Arnhem, where he currently is head of the Jazz & Pop dept...
- Pianist and bandleader - Willem BreukerWillem BreukerWillem Breuker was a Dutch jazz bandleader, composer, arranger, saxophonist, and bass clarinetist....
- Bandleader and saxophonist - Bert van den Brink (nl)- Pianist and composer/arranger
- Glenn CorneilleGlenn CorneilleGlenn Corneille was a Dutch jazz pianist. He studied at the Conservatory of Maastricht graduating in 1995 as a teacher...
- Pianist - Pierre CourboisPierre CourboisSir Pierre Courbois is a Dutch jazz-drummer, bandleader and composer.After studying percussion at the Hogeschool der Kunsten in Arnhem, Courbois left for Paris, the center of Jazz in Europe in the early 1960s...
- Drummer - Hans DulferHans DulferHans Dulfer is a Dutch jazz musician who plays tenor saxophone.Hans Dulfer was born on 28 May 1940 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. He began at age 17 and has been referred to as "Big boy" because of his album of the same name. At the end of the sixties he and Herbert Noord founded a quartet that...
- Saxophonist - Candy DulferCandy DulferCandy Dulfer is a Dutch smooth jazz alto saxophonist who began playing at the age of six. She founded her band, Funky Stuff, when she was fourteen years old. Her debut album Saxuality received a Grammy Award nomination. Dulfer has released nine studio albums, two live albums, and one compilation...
- Saxophonist (Hans Dulfer's daughter) - Harry Emmery (nl) - Double bassist
- Max GeldrayMax GeldrayMax Geldray was a jazz harmonica player, usually credited as being the first such.Born Max van Gelder to Jewish parents in Amsterdam, Netherlands, he was best known for his playing and occasional acting on the BBC comedy radio series, The Goon Show before emigrating to the United States...
- Harmonica, comedy - Hein van de GeynHein Van de GeynHein Van de Geyn is a jazz bassist, composer and band leader from the Netherlands. He is a critically acclaimed artist and performer, as both as a sideman and solo. Van de Geyn won a North Sea Jazz award in 1998. He was also voted "Best European Acoustic Bass Player" in this year by a referendum...
- Double Bassist - Maarten van der Grinten (de) - Guitarist
- Richard HallebeekRichard HallebeekRichard Hallebeek is a Dutch jazz fusion guitarist.-Discography:Further contributions of Richard Hallebeek on the albums The Alchemists , Perception Of The Beholder from Isotope, and Attitude from Salvatore Vecchio & Simone Damiani.-External links:*...
- Jazz-fusion - Benjamin Herman (Saxophonist) (de)
- Jasper van 't HofJasper van 't HofJasper van 't Hof is a Dutch jazz pianist and keyboard-player.Van 't Hof was born in Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands, and began studying piano at the age of five. He was playing in jazz bands in school, and by the age of 19 was playing at jazz festivals with drummer Pierre Courbois...
- Pianist and bandleader - John HondorpJohn HondorpJohn Hondorp is a professor at the Enschede Conservatory. He was the first to teach hammond organ as a fully autonome jazz major....
- Organist - Ilse HuizingaIlse HuizingaIlse Huizinga is a Dutch jazz singer. She performs throughout Europe.-History:Ilse Huizinga was born in Beverwijk, the Netherlands in October 1966 and grew up in Nijmegen. It was an old piano given to her family at the age of six, which first drew Huizinga to music...
- Singer - Wessel Ilcken (de) (nl) - Drummer
- Greetje KauffeldGreetje KauffeldGreetje Kauffeld is a Dutch jazz singer and Schlager musician who represented the Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 1961. She led her own trio starting in 1986 and has lived in Germany for years.-External links:...
- Singer - Tim KliphuisTim KliphuisTim Kliphuis is a Dutch violinist.He first became known in 1999 when he joined Belgian gypsy guitarist, Fapy Lafertin...
- Violinist - Frits LandesbergenFrits LandesbergenFrits Landesbergen is a Dutch jazz drummer and vibraphonist.Landesbergen has released six albums under his own name. All are out of print. Alone Together and Melange are his best sold albums....
- Drummer - Erik van der LuijtErik van der LuijtErik van der Luijt is a Dutch jazz pianist / keyboard player, arranger, composer, producer and band leader.-History:Erik van der Luijt started playing the piano at the age of four...
- Pianist - Rob Madna (nl) - Pianist and composer/arranger
- Willem van Manen (de) (nl)- Trombonist, composer, Big Band leader
- Johnny MeijerJohnny MeijerJohnny Meijer was an accordionist who played classical, folk, and swing. For a time he was known as a jazz accordionist and his 75th birthday was celebrated at the North Sea Jazz Festival. He was also the subject of a film. He is the grandfather of pop singer Eva Simons.-External links:*...
- Accordionist (folk and jazz) - Misha MengelbergMisha MengelbergMisha Mengelberg is a Dutch jazz pianist and composer. He won the Gaudeamus International Composers Award in 1961.-Biography:...
- Pianist and composer - Piet Noordijk (de) (nl) - Saxophonist
- Wim OvergaauwWim OvergaauwWim Overgaauw was a Dutch Jazz guitarist.One of the most important Dutch jazz guitarist of his generation...
(de) - Guitarist - Tony Overwater (de) - Bassist.
- Lodewijk ParisiusLodewijk ParisiusLodewijk Rudolf Arthur Parisius was a Surinamese/Dutch tenor saxophonist commonly known as "Kid Dynamite." He was noted for mixing jazz with Surinamese kaseko....
- Dutch/Surinamese tenor saxophonist - Rita ReysRita ReysRita Reys is a jazz singer from the Netherlands.At the 1960 jazz festival of Juan Les Pins , she received the title 'Europe’s first lady of jazz'.-Early career:...
- Singer - Ernst ReijsegerErnst ReijsegerERNST REIJSEGER Cellist and composer Ernst Reijseger plays the cello from the age of seven and began as a performing cellist and improviser in 1969. From that time on he developed his own musical vocabulary...
- Cellist - Han Reiziger (nl) - Pianist
- Marc van RoonMarc van RoonMarc van Roon is a Dutch jazz pianist. He combines music performance with his work as a creative facilitator for leaders, groups and organizations in change and learning processes applying the art of improvisation as the main source of inspiration...
- Pianist - Toon Roos (de) - Saxophonist
- Stochelo RosenbergStochelo RosenbergStochelo Rosenberg is a Sinti-Gypsy jazz guitarist who plays in the Jazz manouche style of Django Reinhardt and leads the Rosenberg Trio.-With The Rosenberg Trio: -Solo Albums:...
- Guitarist - Jesse van Ruller (de) (nl)- Guitarist
- Cees Slinger (de) - Pianist
- Jelle van TongerenJelle van TongerenJelle van Tongeren is a Dutch jazz violinist born in Haarlem, Netherlands. He plays both bebop and swing style. He is a member of Hot club de Frank which is one of the best known bands in the Gypsy jazz style today....
- Violinist - Eric VloeimansEric VloeimansEric Vloeimans is a Dutch jazz trumpeter.Vloeimans initially studied classical music at the Rotterdam Academy of Music...
- Trumpeter - Wolter WierbosWolter WierbosWolter Wierbos is a Dutch jazz trombonist.Wierbos has played throughout Europe, Canada, USA and Asia...
- Trombonist - Joe Vanenkhuizen - Accordeonist saxophonist and composer.
Bands
- Amsterdam Jazz Quintet - Modern Jazz.
- Bik Bent Braam - Experimental big band
- Dutch Swing College BandDutch Swing College BandThe Dutch Swing College Band "DSCB" is a traditional dixieland band founded on May 5, 1945 by bandleader and clarinetist/saxophonist Peter Schilperoort....
- DixielandDixielandDixieland music, sometimes referred to as Hot jazz, Early Jazz or New Orleans jazz, is a style of jazz music which developed in New Orleans at the start of the 20th century, and was spread to Chicago and New York City by New Orleans bands in the 1910s.Well-known jazz standard songs from the...
revival. - New Cool Collective (nl) - Edison Award winners.http://www.edisonaward.nl/Jazz/
- The Ploctones (nl)
- The Ramblers (nl) - Early Dutch jazz band and the longest surviving big band according to the Guinness World Records.
- Rosenberg TrioRosenberg TrioThe Rosenberg Trio are two guitarists and one bassist—Stochelo Rosenberg , Nous'che Rosenberg and Nonnie Rosenberg from the Netherlands. Their inspiration is Django Reinhardt, the legendary gypsy guitarist of the 1930s...
- The Skymasters (nl) - 1940s Big bandBig bandA big band is a type of musical ensemble associated with jazz and the Swing Era typically consisting of rhythm, brass, and woodwind instruments totaling approximately twelve to twenty-five musicians...
. - Tzigane Swing - Student Jazz Orchestra