Duke of Swabia
Encyclopedia
The following is a list of Dukes of Swabia
in southwest Germany.
Swabia was one of the five stem duchies
of the medieval German kingdom, and its dukes were thus among the most powerful magnates of Germany. The most notable family to hold Swabia were the Hohenstaufen
, who held it, with a brief interruption, from 1079 until 1268. For much of this period, the Hohenstaufen were also Holy Roman Emperor
s. With the death of Conradin
, the last Hohenstaufen duke, the duchy itself disintegrated, although King Rudolf I
attempted to revive it for his Habsburg
family in the late-13th century.
During the following century, several of these states were acquired by the County of Württemberg
or the Duchy of Austria, as marked above.
Duchy of Swabia
Swabia was one of the five stem duchies of the medieval German kingdom, and its dukes were thus among the most powerful magnates of Germany.-History:...
in southwest Germany.
Swabia was one of the five stem duchies
Stem duchy
Stem duchies were essentially the domains of the old German tribes of the area, associated with the Frankish Kingdom, especially the East, in the Early Middle Ages. These tribes were originally the Franks, the Saxons, the Alamanni, the Burgundians, the Thuringii, and the Rugii...
of the medieval German kingdom, and its dukes were thus among the most powerful magnates of Germany. The most notable family to hold Swabia were the Hohenstaufen
Hohenstaufen
The House of Hohenstaufen was a dynasty of German kings in the High Middle Ages, lasting from 1138 to 1254. Three of these kings were also crowned Holy Roman Emperor. In 1194 the Hohenstaufens also became Kings of Sicily...
, who held it, with a brief interruption, from 1079 until 1268. For much of this period, the Hohenstaufen were also Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor is a term used by historians to denote a medieval ruler who, as German King, had also received the title of "Emperor of the Romans" from the Pope...
s. With the death of Conradin
Conradin
Conrad , called the Younger or the Boy, but usually known by the diminutive Conradin , was the Duke of Swabia , King of Jerusalem , and King of Sicily .-Early childhood:Conradin was born in Wolfstein, Bavaria, to Conrad...
, the last Hohenstaufen duke, the duchy itself disintegrated, although King Rudolf I
Rudolph I of Germany
Rudolph I was King of the Romans from 1273 until his death. He played a vital role in raising the Habsburg dynasty to a leading position among the Imperial feudal dynasties...
attempted to revive it for his Habsburg
Habsburg
The House of Habsburg , also found as Hapsburg, and also known as House of Austria is one of the most important royal houses of Europe and is best known for being an origin of all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1438 and 1740, as well as rulers of the Austrian Empire and...
family in the late-13th century.
Merovingian dukes
- Butilin (539–554), with…
- Leuthari I (before 552–554), with…
- Haming (539–554), with…
- Lantachar (until 548, AvenchesAvenchesAvenches is a Swiss municipality in the canton of Vaud, located in the district of Broye-Vully.-History:The roots of Avenches go back to the Celts...
diocese) - Magnachar (565, Avenches diocese)
- Vaefar (573, Avenches diocese)
- TheodefridTheodefridTheodefrid was the Frankish duke of the Alemanni in the Diocese of Avenches until 573, when Marius became bishop and took over the secular affairs of the diocese. Marius in his Chronicon mentioned five dukes that ruled Avenches between 548 and 573. Theodefrid was the last and a successor of Vaefar...
- LeutfredLeutfredLeutfred, Leutfried, or Leudefredus was the Duke of Alemannia from 570. He was deposed from his ducal office in 587 by the Frankish king Childebert II and replaced by Uncilin.-Sources:...
(until 588) - Uncilin (588–607)
- GunzoGunzoGunzo was a 7th century duke of the Alamanni under Frankish sovereignty. His residence was at villa Iburninga at Lake Constance...
(613) - ChrodobertChrodobertChrodobert, Crodobert, or Crodebert was an Aleman dux of the early seventh century . He probably ruled in the south of the region later known as Swabia....
(630) - Leuthari IILeuthari IILeutharis, Leuthari, Leuthard, or Leutharius II was the Duke of Alamannia in the early seventh century.Leuthari murdered Otto, the mayor of the palace of Austrasia, in 643. By doing so he made Grimoald I the mayor of the palace for Sigebert III...
(642) - GotfridGotfridGotfrid, Gotefrid, or Gottfried was the Duke of Alemannia in the late seventh century and until his death. He was of the house of the Agilolfing, which was the dominant ruling family in Bavaria....
(until 709) - WillehariWillehariWillehari or Willihari was an Alemannic duke in the Ortenau in the early eighth century.According to the Vita Sancti Desiderii, Pepin of Heristal of the Franks, led two expeditions against Willehari in 709 and 712...
(709–712, in OrtenauOrtenauThe Ortenau is a historical territory in Baden-Württemberg, located on the right bank of the River Rhine. It covers approximately the same area as the Ortenaukreis, a present-day district....
) - LantfridLantfridLantfrid was duke of Alamannia under Frankish sovereignty from 709 until his death. He was the son of duke Gotfrid...
(709–730) - TheudebaldTheudebald, Duke of AlamanniaTheudebald or Theutbald was the Duke of Alamannia from 730 until his deposition. He was a son of Gotfrid and brother and co-ruler with Lantfrid from 709....
(709–744)
Miscellaneous houses
- ErchangerErchanger, Duke of SwabiaErchanger was the duke of Swabia from September 915 to his death. He was the son of Berthold I, count palatine of Swabia, who is sometimes called Erchanger as well, in which case the duke is Erchanger II...
(915–917, Ahalolfinger) - Burchard IIBurchard II, Duke of SwabiaBurchard II was the Hunfriding Duke of Swabia and Count of Raetia. He was the son of Burchard I and Liutgard of Saxony....
(917–926, Hunfriding) - Hermann I (926–949, Conradine)
- LiudolfLiudolf, Duke of SwabiaLiudolf was the duke of Swabia from 950 until 954. He was the only son of Otto I, king of Germany, from his wife Eadgyth, daughter of Edward the Elder, king of England....
(950–954, OttonianOttonianThe Ottonian dynasty was a dynasty of Germanic Kings , named after its first emperor but also known as the Saxon dynasty after the family's origin. The family itself is also sometimes known as the Liudolfings, after its earliest known member Liudolf and one of its primary leading-names...
) - Burchard IIIBurchard III, Duke of SwabiaBurchard III was the count of Thurgau and Zürichgau, perhaps of Rhaetia, and then Duke of Swabia from 954 to his death....
(954–973, Hunfriding) - Otto I (973–982, OttonianOttonianThe Ottonian dynasty was a dynasty of Germanic Kings , named after its first emperor but also known as the Saxon dynasty after the family's origin. The family itself is also sometimes known as the Liudolfings, after its earliest known member Liudolf and one of its primary leading-names...
)
Conradines
- Conrad IConrad I, Duke of SwabiaConrad I was Duke of Swabia from 983 until 997. His appointment as duke marked the return of Conradine rule over Swabia for the first time since 948....
(982–997) - Hermann II (997–1003)
- Hermann III (1003–12)
House of Babenberg
- Ernest IErnest I, Duke of SwabiaErnest I was Duke of Swabia . He was a younger son of Leopold I, the Babenberg Margrave of Austria....
(1012–15) - Ernest IIErnest II, Duke of SwabiaErnest II was Duke of Swabia from 1015 to 1030. A member of the Babenberg family, he was the son of Ernest I and Gisela of Swabia....
(1015–30) - Hermann IVHerman IV, Duke of SwabiaHerman IV was the Duke of Swabia . He was the second son of Ernest I and Gisela of Swabia. He was one of the Babenberg dukes of Swabia.Herman became duke in 1030 following the death of his older brother Ernest II...
(1030–38)
Miscellaneous houses
- Henry IHenry III, Holy Roman EmperorHenry III , called the Black or the Pious, was a member of the Salian Dynasty of Holy Roman Emperors...
(1038–45, SalianSalian dynastyThe Salian dynasty was a dynasty in the High Middle Ages of four German Kings , also known as the Frankish dynasty after the family's origin and role as dukes of Franconia...
), King of the RomansKing of the RomansKing of the Romans was the title used by the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire following his election to the office by the princes of the Kingdom of Germany...
from 1039 and Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman EmperorThe Holy Roman Emperor is a term used by historians to denote a medieval ruler who, as German King, had also received the title of "Emperor of the Romans" from the Pope...
from 1046 - Otto IIOtto II, Duke of SwabiaOtto II was Count Palatine of Lotharingia , then Duke of Swabia , and all the while Count in Deutz and Auelgau . He was the son of Ezzo and Matilda , and a member of the Ezzonian dynasty...
(1045–48, EzzonenEzzonenThe Ezzonids were a dynasty of Lotharingian stock dating back as far as the ninth century. They attained prominence only in the eleventh century, through marriage with the Ottonian dynasty of Holy Roman Emperors. Named after Ezzo, Count Palatine of Lotharingia from 1015 to 1034, they dominated the...
) - Otto IIIOtto III, Duke of SwabiaOtto III , called the White and known as Otto of Schweinfurt, was the margrave of the Nordgau and duke of Swabia . He was the son of Henry of Schweinfurt, margrave of the Nordgau, and Gerberga of Henneberg...
(1048–57, Schweinfurt) - Rudolf I (1057–79, Rheinfelden)
- Berthold IBerthold I, Duke of SwabiaBerthold I , better known as Berthold of Rheinfelden, was the Duke of Swabia from 1079 until his death. He was the only son of Rudolf of Rheinfelden, the German anti-king who opposed the Emperor Henry IV....
(1079–90, Rheinfelden) - Berthold IIBerthold II, Duke of SwabiaBerthold II was the Duke of Swabia from 1092 to 1098.Berthold was a son of Berthold II, Duke of Carinthia and initially supported Rudolf of Rheinfelden against King Henry IV. Both the Zähringer and Rheinfeldener were relieved of their titles and possessions by the king in 1077...
(1092–98, Zähringen)
House of Hohenstaufen
- Frederick IFrederick I, Duke of SwabiaFrederick I von Staufen was Duke of Swabia from 1079 to his death. He was the first ruler of Swabia from the House of Hohenstaufen, and was the builder of dynasty's ancestral Hohenstaufen Castle near Göppingen.-Parents:...
(1079–1105) - Frederick IIFrederick II, Duke of SwabiaFrederick II , called the One-Eyed, was the second Hohenstaufen duke of Swabia from 1105. He was the eldest son of Frederick I and Agnes....
(1105–47) - Frederick IIIFrederick I, Holy Roman EmperorFrederick I Barbarossa was a German Holy Roman Emperor. He was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned in Aachen on 9 March, crowned King of Italy in Pavia in 1155, and finally crowned Roman Emperor by Pope Adrian IV, on 18 June 1155, and two years later in 1157 the term...
(1147–52), King of the RomansKing of the RomansKing of the Romans was the title used by the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire following his election to the office by the princes of the Kingdom of Germany...
from 1152 and Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman EmperorThe Holy Roman Emperor is a term used by historians to denote a medieval ruler who, as German King, had also received the title of "Emperor of the Romans" from the Pope...
from 1155 - Frederick IVFrederick IV, Duke of SwabiaFrederick IV of Hohenstaufen was duke of Swabia, succeeding his cousin, Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1152.He was the son of Conrad III of Germany and his second wife Gertrude von Sulzbach and thus the direct heir of the crown, had there been true heredity...
(1152–67) - Frederick VFrederick V, Duke of SwabiaFrederick V of Hohenstaufen was duke of Swabia from 1167 to his death. He was the eldest son of Frederick III Barbarossa and Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy.-Ancestry:-See also:*Dukes of Swabia family tree...
(1167–70) - Frederick VIFrederick VI, Duke of SwabiaFrederick VI of Hohenstaufen was duke of Swabia from 1170 to his death at the siege of Acre. He was the third son of Frederick I Barbarossa and Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy and brother of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor...
(1170–91) - Conrad IIConrad II, Duke of SwabiaConrad II was duke of Swabia from 1191 to his death and Duke of Rothenburg . He was the fourth son of Frederick III Barbarossa and Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy, and brother of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor...
(1191–1196) - Philip IPhilip of SwabiaPhilip of Swabia was king of Germany and duke of Swabia, the rival of the emperor Otto IV.-Biography:Philip was the fifth and youngest son of Emperor Frederick I and Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy, daughter of Renaud III, count of Burgundy, and brother of the emperor Henry VI...
(1196–1208), King from 1198
House of Guelph
- Otto IVOtto IV, Holy Roman EmperorOtto IV of Brunswick was one of two rival kings of the Holy Roman Empire from 1198 on, sole king from 1208 on, and emperor from 1209 on. The only king of the Welf dynasty, he incurred the wrath of Pope Innocent III and was excommunicated in 1215.-Early life:Otto was the third son of Henry the...
(1208–12), King of the RomansKing of the RomansKing of the Romans was the title used by the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire following his election to the office by the princes of the Kingdom of Germany...
from 1208 and Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman EmperorThe Holy Roman Emperor is a term used by historians to denote a medieval ruler who, as German King, had also received the title of "Emperor of the Romans" from the Pope...
from 1209
Hohenstaufen restored
- Frederick VIIFrederick II, Holy Roman EmperorFrederick II , was one of the most powerful Holy Roman Emperors of the Middle Ages and head of the House of Hohenstaufen. His political and cultural ambitions, based in Sicily and stretching through Italy to Germany, and even to Jerusalem, were enormous...
(1212–16), King of the RomansKing of the RomansKing of the Romans was the title used by the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire following his election to the office by the princes of the Kingdom of Germany...
from 1212 and Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman EmperorThe Holy Roman Emperor is a term used by historians to denote a medieval ruler who, as German King, had also received the title of "Emperor of the Romans" from the Pope...
from 1220 - Henry IIHenry (VII) of GermanyHenry was King of Sicily from 1212, Duke of Swabia from 1216, and King of Germany from 1220. He was the son and co-king of Emperor Frederick II and elder brother of Conrad IV of Germany...
(1216–35), King from 1220 - Conrad IIIConrad IV of GermanyConrad IV was king of Jerusalem , of Germany , and of Sicily .-Biography:...
(1235–54), King from 1237 - Conrad IV (Conradin)ConradinConrad , called the Younger or the Boy, but usually known by the diminutive Conradin , was the Duke of Swabia , King of Jerusalem , and King of Sicily .-Early childhood:Conradin was born in Wolfstein, Bavaria, to Conrad...
(1254–68), also King of Sicily and Jerusalem
House of Habsburg (1289-1313)
- Rudolf II (1289–90)
- JohnJohn ParricidaJohn Parricida, or John the Parricide or Johann Parricida , also called John of Swabia from the House of Habsburg was a son of Rudolf II, former Duke of Austria and Agnes, daughter of King Ottokar II Přemysl of Bohemia...
(1290–1313)
Successor states
In the 13th century, the Duchy of Swabia disintegrated into numerous smaller states. Some of the more important immediate successor states were:
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Fürstenberg (state) Fürstenberg was a county of the Holy Roman Empire in Swabia, present-day southern Baden-Württemberg, Germany.-History:... Counts of Hohenberg (Swabia) The Counts of Hohenberg were an ancient swabian dynasty in the southwest of the present-day Germany, in the State of Baden-Württemberg. In the 13th century the dynasty of Hohenberg was one of the most prominent lineages in Southwestern Germany. In 1381 however, Rudolf III... (to Austria) County of Württemberg The County of Württemberg was a historical county with Stuttgart as its capital, consisting of the territory of the House of Württemberg in the 11th century and then raised to Duchy in 1495.-History:... |
During the following century, several of these states were acquired by the County of Württemberg
County of Württemberg
The County of Württemberg was a historical county with Stuttgart as its capital, consisting of the territory of the House of Württemberg in the 11th century and then raised to Duchy in 1495.-History:...
or the Duchy of Austria, as marked above.
See also
- Dukes of Swabia family treeDukes of Swabia family treeThis is a Family tree of the Dukes of Swabia, from 1012 to the end of the Hohenstaufen dominion over the duchy in 1268. Dukes previous to 1012 are not represented.-See also:*Holy Roman Emperor*Swabia*Other family trees...
- List of Swabian consorts
- Germanic SuebiSuebiThe Suebi or Suevi were a group of Germanic peoples who were first mentioned by Julius Caesar in connection with Ariovistus' campaign, c...