The Dipsacales are an order

Order (biology)

In scientific classification used in biology, the order is# a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, and species, with order fitting in between class and family...

 of flowering plant

Flowering plant

The flowering plants , also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants like the gymnosperms and can be distinguished from the gymnosperms by a series of synapomorphies...

s, included within the asterid group of dicotyledon

Dicotyledon

The dicotyledons, also known as dicots, are a group of flowering plants whose seed typically has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. There are around 199,350 species within this group...

s.

Under the Cronquist system

Cronquist system

The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in his texts An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants and The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants .Cronquist's system places flowering plants into two...

, the order included Adoxaceae

Adoxaceae

The Adoxaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Dipsacales, as now constituted comprising four genera and about 150-200 species. It is characterised by opposite toothed leaves, small five- or, more rarely, four-petalled flowers in cymose inflorescences, and the fruit being a drupe...

, Caprifoliaceae

Caprifoliaceae

The Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family is a clade consisting of about 800 dicotyledonous flowering plants, with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution; centres of diversity are found in eastern North America and eastern Asia, while they are absent in tropical and southern Africa.They are mostly...

, Dipsacaceae

Dipsacaceae

The Dipsacaceae, or teasel family, of the order Dipsacales contains 350 species of perennial or biennial herbs and shrubs in eleven genera. Native to most temperate climates, they are found in Europe, Asia and Africa...

, and Valerianaceae

Valerianaceae

The Valerianaceae, or valerian family, of the order Dipsacales contains about 350 species in 7 genera. Plants are generally herbaceous and foliage often has a strong, disagreeable odor. They are found native in most regions of the world except for Australia...

. Under the more recent Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, or APG, refers to an informal international group of systematic botanists who came together to try to establish a consensus on the taxonomy of flowering plants that would reflect new knowledge about plant relationships discovered through phylogenetic studies., three...

 (APG II) system, the circumscription of the order is much the same but the families are circumscribed differently. APG includes Adoxaceae and a broadly circumscribed Caprifoliaceae, the latter including the alternatively acceptable families Diervillaceae, Dipsacaceae, Linnaeaceae, Morinaceae

Morinaceae

Morinaceae is a family of plants in the order Dipsacales. The Genus Morina has also been included in family Dipsacaceae. Currently three genera are listed in this family:* Acanthocalyx* Cryptothladia* Morina-References:...

, and Valerianaceae.

Under the APG II definition some well-known members of Dipsacales are honeysuckle

Honeysuckle

Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the family Caprifoliaceae, native to the Northern Hemisphere. There are about 180 species of honeysuckle, 100 of which occur in China; Europe, India and North America have only about 20 native species each...

, elder

Elderberry

Sambucus is a genus of between 5 and 30 species of shrubs or small trees in the moschatel family, Adoxaceae. It was formerly placed in the honeysuckle family, Caprifoliaceae, but was reclassified due to genetic evidence...

, viburnum

Viburnum

Viburnum is a genus of about 150–175 species of shrubs or small trees in the moschatel family, Adoxaceae. Its current classification is based on molecular phylogeny...

, and valerian

Valerian (herb)

Valerian is a hardy perennial flowering plant, with heads of sweetly scented pink or white flowers which bloom in the summer months. Valerian flower extracts were used as a perfume in the sixteenth century....

.

A few other families may also belong near this order. These include the Columelliaceae

Columelliaceae

Columelliaceae is a family of trees and shrubs native to the Andes of South America.In the APG II taxonomy they are placed in the order Lamiales, but a 2008 study suggested that they are sister to the Bruniaceae, and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website proposes incorporating this finding by placing...

, Paracryphiaceae, and Sphenostemon

Sphenostemon

Sphenostemon is the genus of small evergreen trees or shrubs native to New Guinea, Queensland and New Caledonia.-Taxonomy:The APG II system places it alone in family Sphenostemonaceae, which is in turn left unplaced as to order in the euasterids II clade .Since the release of the APG II system,...

aceae.

The evolutionary taxonomy of Dipsacales:

Diervillaceae

• Diervilla (Bush Honeysuckle): 3 species
• Weigela
  Weigela
  Weigela is a small genus of about 12 species of deciduous shrubs in the family Caprifoliaceae, growing to 1-5 m tall. All are natives of eastern Asia. The genus is named after the German scientist Christian Ehrenfried Weigel....
  
  : 10 species.

Caprifoliaceae

• Heptacodium
  Heptacodium
  Heptacodium is a genus of plant in family Caprifoliaceae, comprising just the one species found in China:* Heptacodium miconioides, Rehder...
  
  (Seven-son Flower): 1 species
• Lonicera, etc.
  • Leycesteria
    Leycesteria
    Leycesteria is a genus of flowering plants in the honeysuckle family Caprifoliaceae, native to temperate Asia in the Himalaya and southwestern China.It contains six or seven species of shrubs with short-lived stems with soft wood, growing to 1-2.5 m tall...
    
    : 6 species
  • Lonicera (Honeysuckle): 180 species
  • Symphoricarpos
    Symphoricarpos
    Symphoricarpos, with common names in English of Snowberry, Waxberry or Ghostberry, is a small genus of about 15 species of deciduous shrubs in the honeysuckle family, Caprifoliaceae. All species are natives of North and Central America, except one native to western China...
    
    (Snowberry): 17 species
  • Triosteum
    Triosteum
    Triosteum, commonly known as horse gentian or, less commonly, feverwort, is a genus of flowering plant which includes six species. It is in the Caprifoliaceae family. A genus of six species total, it has three species native to North America, and three more in China and Japan.These are perennial,...
    
    (Horsegentian): 6 species

Linnaeaceae

• Abelia
  Abelia
  Abelia is a genus of about 15-30 species and many hybrids in the honeysuckle family Caprifoliaceae Some authors, including the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, considers Abelia and related genera to belong instead in the segregate family Linnaeaceae, also including such genera as Linnaea, Abelia,...
  
  : 30 species
• Dipelta: 4 species
• Kolkwitzia (Beautybush): 1 species
• Linnaea (Twinflower): 1 species

Morinaceae

• Cryptothladia 
• Morina
  Morina
  ----Morina is a genus of the angiosperm family Morinaceae. It is the provincial flower of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Morina is named in honor of Louis-Pierre Morin , a french physician and botanist....
  
  

Dipsacaceae

• Dipsacus, etc.
  • Acanthocalyx
    Acanthocalyx
    Acanthocalyx is a genus of about three species of vegetation in the family Dipsacaceae, sometimes included in Morinaceae, native to Sino-HimalayanRegion.Species*Acanthocalyx alba M.J.Cannon...
    
    
  • Pterocephalus
    Pterocephalus
    Pterocephalus is a genus in the Dipsacaceae family of herbs and shrubs, comprising 25 species ranging from the Mediterranean, to central Asia, the Himalayas, western China, and tropical Africa.-Species:*P. arabicus*P. bretschneideri...
    
    
  • Dipsacus
    Dipsacus
    Dipsacus is a genus of flowering plant in the family Dipsacaceae. The members of this genus are known as teasel or teazel or teazle. The genus includes about 15 species of tall herbaceous biennial plants growing to tall...
    
     
  • Scabiosa
    Scabiosa
    Scabiosa is a genus in the teasel Family Dipsacaceae of flowering plants. Many of the species in this genus have common names that include the word scabious; however some plants commonly known as scabious are currently classified in related genera such as Knautia and Succisa; at least some of...
    
    
• Triplostegia

Valerianaceae

• Patrina
• Nardostachys 
• Centranthus
  Centranthus
  Centranthus is a flowering plant genus comprising herbs and subshrubs native to Southern Europe. It is in the Caprifoliaceae family. There are about twelve species in the genus...
  
  
• Plectritis
  Plectritis
  Plectritis is a genus of plants in the valerian family. There are only three to five species. They are known generally as seablushes, and they are native to western North America. These are unassuming annual plants with thin, erect stems with few leaves and bearing a terminal inflorescence of flowers...
  
  
• Valeriana
  Valeriana
  Valeriana is a genus of flowering plants in the family Valerianaceae. It includes a number of species of which the best known is the garden valerian Valeriana officinalis...
  
  
• Valerianella
  Valerianella
  Valerianella is a genus of plant in family Valerianaceae. Many plants of this genus are known by the common name corn salad, although that name most often refers to Valerianella locusta.Here is an incomplete list of its species:...
  
   
• Fedia

External links

• Dipsacales at Tree of Life
• Phylogeny of the Asteridae s. str. based on rbcL sequences, with particular reference to the Dipsacales (link to abstract)