Dhond Abbasi
Encyclopedia
The Dhund Abbasi are a tribe of northern Pakistan
. The tribe claims descent from Dhond Khan (a nickname of Shah Wali Khan) and ‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib and hence are known as Dhund Abbasi. The tribe speak the Dhundi-Kairali dialect. The tribe is spread throughout Circle Bakote, Poonch District, Bagh, Kashmir, and the Murree Hills area.
from Egypt
, as traders and merchants in commodities like fabrics, perfumes and diamonds. Envoys and traders of the Abbasid
s came to Taxila
, ancient Pakistan
, where they constructed a mosque and started preaching Islam by the order of Caliph Harun al-Rashid
around 844 CE. An Abbasi scholar, Abu Fadhal, taught a Kashmiri King Onti Vermon in 882, and he translated the Quran into Hindi. This was the first translation of the Quran into an Indian language. In 1025 CE, Raja Mall of Jhelum, embraced Islam by Mahmud Ghazni and constructed a fort at Malot, Malpur near Islamabad
in present day Pakistan administered Kashmir. He died in Jhelum.
They established a colony near Delhi
in 1232. Sardar Tolak Khan, who came to Kashmir during the reign of King Zain-ul-Abidin
(1423 to 1474), settled in the Poonch area (now the Bagh District
of Azad Kashmir
).
Although the tribe traces its roots back to Abbas, it is more likely that the Dhund Abbasi people are descended from the Abbasid dynasty. The descendants of Abbas displaced the Umayyad
rulers and were known as the Abbasid
s. This dynasty governed for 500 years from Baghdad
, Iraq
. The rule of the Abbasi extended eastwards across Afghanistan
into the South Asian subcontinent, covering the eastern part of modern-day Pakistan.
The Dhund Abbasi claim descent from the Abbasids. An Abbasid general, Zurrab Khan, was given the task to subjugate the king of Kashmir who refused to pay tribute to Afghanistan. He invaded Kashmir and overthrew the king and married the daughter of the new king. He remained as an ambassador to the state and lived at Darab Kot at Kahuta
. His son, Akbar Ghae Khan, is the forefather of all Abbasi tribes, including the Dhond in Murree
, Hazara division and Kashmir. Most of the tribe live in the North-West Frontier Province
, Murree, Islamabad
.
In 1021, the mountains were governed by Gakhars
who the Dhond Abbasi in the Delhi Area. The Dhond Abbasis had settled in the area since an ancestor Poro Khan arrived in 880 CE. Noh Khan was his son born in 900 CE. In 968, Karlal
chief, Galler Khan, came to Circle Bakote from south Afghanistan
. Dhond Chief Sardar Taeq or Taif Khan met with Sabuktagin, the father of Mehmood Ghaznawi
at Kabul in 975 CE and joined his army. This alliance continued.
“ the Dhúnd with the Satti and Ketwal occupy nearly the whole of Murree and Hazára Hills on the right bank of the Jhelum in the Házara and Ráwalpindi districts. Of the three the Dhúnd are the most northern, being found in the Abbottábád tahsil of Házara and in the northern tracts of Ráwalpindi, while below them come the Satti. Andwál appear to be one of the Dhund clans. They claim to be descendants of Abbás, the paternal uncle of the Prophet; but another tradition that their ancestor Takth Khán came with Taimúr to Delhi where he settled; and that his descendant Zoráb Khán went to Kahúta in the time of Sháh Jahán and beget the ancestors of the Jadwál, Dhánd, Sarrára and Tanáoli tribes. His son Khalára or Kalu Rai was sent to Kashmír and married a Kashmíri woman from whom the Dhúnd are sprung and also a Katwál woman. From another son the Satti, who are the bitter enemies of the Dhúnd, are said to have sprung; but this the Satti deny and claim descent from Nausherwán. These traditions are of course absurd. Kalu Rai is a Hindu name and one tradition makes him brought up by a Brahmin. Colonel Wace wrote of the Dhúnd and Karrál:" Thirty years ago their acquaintance with the Muhammadan faith was still slight, and now though they know more of it and are more careful to observe it, relics of their Hindu faith are still observable in their habits". This much appears certain that the Dhúnd, Satti, Bib, Chibh and many others are all of Hindu origin, all originally occupants of the hills on this part of the Jhelum, and all are most probably connected. Among the Punwár clans mentioned by Tod and supposed to be extinct by him are the Dhoonda, Soruteah, Bheeba, Dhúnd, Jeebra, and Dhoonta; and it is not impossible that these tribes may be of Punwár clans. The history of these clans is given at page 592 ff of Sir Lepel Griffin's, Punjáb Chiefs. They were almost exterminated by the Sikhs in 1837
However, the local traditions and genealogical records which are more authentic than Col Wace's traditions indicate that the Dhund Abbasi clan descend from Abbas ibne Mutlab.
Sir Lepel Griffin's, Punjáb Chiefs estimation does not qualify the historical facts of tribes in Indian subcontinent. Colonial Masters had their own priorities to rule. Distortion of history, Misleading salved nations and falsifying the truth was their only tool to keep these nations from uprising.
Around 1640, an uncle and his nephew settled across the Jhelum River from the Kahuta district Punjab to Poonch Kashmir. They settled in Kharal, a village at the north east of Bagh town, and brought their families to live with them. Both uncle and nephew divided the village and built their farms and cultivated wheat. Wheat was not suitable for the climate so they grew maize too. Wheat was abandoned because the maize crop was delayed. Kharal covers an area of 1,200 acres (4.9 km2) with small streams and mountainous terrain all around. In 2005, many lives were lost to an earthquake. The estimated population in 1999 was seven thousand. Kharal Ghaiyalan (Abbasian) falls on the Ceasefire line or line of control (LOC).
and Rawalpindi District,Murree Tehsil,dheerkot,chamyati,ghari doppatta (on main srinagar Muzaffarabad high way) salian, chirala sohawa, (azad Kashmir) although they are scattered in other parts of the Indian Subcontinent
.
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
. The tribe claims descent from Dhond Khan (a nickname of Shah Wali Khan) and ‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib and hence are known as Dhund Abbasi. The tribe speak the Dhundi-Kairali dialect. The tribe is spread throughout Circle Bakote, Poonch District, Bagh, Kashmir, and the Murree Hills area.
Origin of the Dhund Abbasi
The Dhund Abbasi came to ancient PakistanPakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
from Egypt
Egypt
Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
, as traders and merchants in commodities like fabrics, perfumes and diamonds. Envoys and traders of the Abbasid
Abbasid
The Abbasid Caliphate or, more simply, the Abbasids , was the third of the Islamic caliphates. It was ruled by the Abbasid dynasty of caliphs, who built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphate from all but the al-Andalus region....
s came to Taxila
Taxila
Taxila is a Tehsil in the Rawalpindi District of Punjab province of Pakistan. It is an important archaeological site.Taxila is situated about northwest of Islamabad Capital Territory and Rawalpindi in Panjab; just off the Grand Trunk Road...
, ancient Pakistan
South Asia
South Asia, also known as Southern Asia, is the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan countries and, for some authorities , also includes the adjoining countries to the west and the east...
, where they constructed a mosque and started preaching Islam by the order of Caliph Harun al-Rashid
Harun al-Rashid
Hārūn al-Rashīd was the fifth Arab Abbasid Caliph in Iraq. He was born in Rey, Iran, close to modern Tehran. His birth date remains a point of discussion, though, as various sources give the dates from 763 to 766)....
around 844 CE. An Abbasi scholar, Abu Fadhal, taught a Kashmiri King Onti Vermon in 882, and he translated the Quran into Hindi. This was the first translation of the Quran into an Indian language. In 1025 CE, Raja Mall of Jhelum, embraced Islam by Mahmud Ghazni and constructed a fort at Malot, Malpur near Islamabad
Islamabad
Islamabad is the capital of Pakistan and the tenth largest city in the country. Located within the Islamabad Capital Territory , the population of the city has grown from 100,000 in 1951 to 1.7 million in 2011...
in present day Pakistan administered Kashmir. He died in Jhelum.
They established a colony near Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
in 1232. Sardar Tolak Khan, who came to Kashmir during the reign of King Zain-ul-Abidin
Zain-ul-Abidin
Sultan Ghiyas-ud-Din Zain-ul-Abidin was a sultan of Kashmir in the present day Jammu and Kashmir state of India. Mohibbul Hasan has said that "Of all the Sultans who sat on the throne of Kashmir, Zain-ul-Abidin was undoubtedly the greatest .....
(1423 to 1474), settled in the Poonch area (now the Bagh District
Bagh District
Bagh District is one of the eight districts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. The district, which had been part of Poonch District, was created in 1988...
of Azad Kashmir
Azad Kashmir
Azad Jammu and Kashmir or Azad Kashmir for short, is the southernmost political entity within the Pakistani-administered part of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir...
).
Although the tribe traces its roots back to Abbas, it is more likely that the Dhund Abbasi people are descended from the Abbasid dynasty. The descendants of Abbas displaced the Umayyad
Umayyad
The Umayyad Caliphate was the second of the four major Arab caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. It was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty, whose name derives from Umayya ibn Abd Shams, the great-grandfather of the first Umayyad caliph. Although the Umayyad family originally came from the...
rulers and were known as the Abbasid
Abbasid
The Abbasid Caliphate or, more simply, the Abbasids , was the third of the Islamic caliphates. It was ruled by the Abbasid dynasty of caliphs, who built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphate from all but the al-Andalus region....
s. This dynasty governed for 500 years from Baghdad
Baghdad
Baghdad is the capital of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Governorate. The population of Baghdad in 2011 is approximately 7,216,040...
, Iraq
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
. The rule of the Abbasi extended eastwards across Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
into the South Asian subcontinent, covering the eastern part of modern-day Pakistan.
Kahuta
Kahuta is a town and tehsil in the Rawalpindi District of Pakistan's Punjab Province. According to Pakistan's 2008 census, Kahuta tehsil has a population of approximately 160,000....
. His son, Akbar Ghae Khan, is the forefather of all Abbasi tribes, including the Dhond in Murree
Murree
Murree city is a popular hill station and a summer resort, especially for the residents of Rawalpindi/Islamabad, and for the cities of the province of Punjab, Pakistan...
, Hazara division and Kashmir. Most of the tribe live in the North-West Frontier Province
North-West Frontier Province
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , formerly known as the North-West Frontier Province and various other names, is one of the four provinces of Pakistan, located in the north-west of the country...
, Murree, Islamabad
Islamabad
Islamabad is the capital of Pakistan and the tenth largest city in the country. Located within the Islamabad Capital Territory , the population of the city has grown from 100,000 in 1951 to 1.7 million in 2011...
.
In 1021, the mountains were governed by Gakhars
Gakhars
The Gakhars are an ancient warrior clan who have predominantly resided in what is present day northern Punjab and South-Western Kashmir, Pakistan. In particular in the cities of Rawalpindi, Jhelum and regions of Gilgit, Baltistan, Chitral, Khanpur and Mirpur, Pakistan...
who the Dhond Abbasi in the Delhi Area. The Dhond Abbasis had settled in the area since an ancestor Poro Khan arrived in 880 CE. Noh Khan was his son born in 900 CE. In 968, Karlal
Karlal
The Karlal are a tribe found in the Abbottabad and Haripur districts of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan...
chief, Galler Khan, came to Circle Bakote from south Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
. Dhond Chief Sardar Taeq or Taif Khan met with Sabuktagin, the father of Mehmood Ghaznawi
Mahmud of Ghazni
Mahmud of Ghazni , actually ', was the most prominent ruler of the Ghaznavid dynasty who ruled from 997 until his death in 1030 in the eastern Iranian lands. Mahmud turned the former provincial city of Ghazni into the wealthy capital of an extensive empire which covered most of today's Iran,...
at Kabul in 975 CE and joined his army. This alliance continued.
History
In the book A Glossary of The Tribes & Castes of The Punjab & North-West Frontier Province, published in 1911 the Dhund and other tribes were described as follows:“ the Dhúnd with the Satti and Ketwal occupy nearly the whole of Murree and Hazára Hills on the right bank of the Jhelum in the Házara and Ráwalpindi districts. Of the three the Dhúnd are the most northern, being found in the Abbottábád tahsil of Házara and in the northern tracts of Ráwalpindi, while below them come the Satti. Andwál appear to be one of the Dhund clans. They claim to be descendants of Abbás, the paternal uncle of the Prophet; but another tradition that their ancestor Takth Khán came with Taimúr to Delhi where he settled; and that his descendant Zoráb Khán went to Kahúta in the time of Sháh Jahán and beget the ancestors of the Jadwál, Dhánd, Sarrára and Tanáoli tribes. His son Khalára or Kalu Rai was sent to Kashmír and married a Kashmíri woman from whom the Dhúnd are sprung and also a Katwál woman. From another son the Satti, who are the bitter enemies of the Dhúnd, are said to have sprung; but this the Satti deny and claim descent from Nausherwán. These traditions are of course absurd. Kalu Rai is a Hindu name and one tradition makes him brought up by a Brahmin. Colonel Wace wrote of the Dhúnd and Karrál:" Thirty years ago their acquaintance with the Muhammadan faith was still slight, and now though they know more of it and are more careful to observe it, relics of their Hindu faith are still observable in their habits". This much appears certain that the Dhúnd, Satti, Bib, Chibh and many others are all of Hindu origin, all originally occupants of the hills on this part of the Jhelum, and all are most probably connected. Among the Punwár clans mentioned by Tod and supposed to be extinct by him are the Dhoonda, Soruteah, Bheeba, Dhúnd, Jeebra, and Dhoonta; and it is not impossible that these tribes may be of Punwár clans. The history of these clans is given at page 592 ff of Sir Lepel Griffin's, Punjáb Chiefs. They were almost exterminated by the Sikhs in 1837
However, the local traditions and genealogical records which are more authentic than Col Wace's traditions indicate that the Dhund Abbasi clan descend from Abbas ibne Mutlab.
Sir Lepel Griffin's, Punjáb Chiefs estimation does not qualify the historical facts of tribes in Indian subcontinent. Colonial Masters had their own priorities to rule. Distortion of history, Misleading salved nations and falsifying the truth was their only tool to keep these nations from uprising.
Around 1640, an uncle and his nephew settled across the Jhelum River from the Kahuta district Punjab to Poonch Kashmir. They settled in Kharal, a village at the north east of Bagh town, and brought their families to live with them. Both uncle and nephew divided the village and built their farms and cultivated wheat. Wheat was not suitable for the climate so they grew maize too. Wheat was abandoned because the maize crop was delayed. Kharal covers an area of 1,200 acres (4.9 km2) with small streams and mountainous terrain all around. In 2005, many lives were lost to an earthquake. The estimated population in 1999 was seven thousand. Kharal Ghaiyalan (Abbasian) falls on the Ceasefire line or line of control (LOC).
Distribution
They are found in the Abbottabad DistrictAbbottabad District
Abbottabad is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The district covers an area of 1,969 km with the city of Abbottabad being the principal town...
and Rawalpindi District,Murree Tehsil,dheerkot,chamyati,ghari doppatta (on main srinagar Muzaffarabad high way) salian, chirala sohawa, (azad Kashmir) although they are scattered in other parts of the Indian Subcontinent
Indian subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent, also Indian Subcontinent, Indo-Pak Subcontinent or South Asian Subcontinent is a region of the Asian continent on the Indian tectonic plate from the Hindu Kush or Hindu Koh, Himalayas and including the Kuen Lun and Karakoram ranges, forming a land mass which extends...
.
Notable people
- Muztar AbbasiMuztar AbbasiAllama Muztar Abbasi was a Pakistani Muslim scholar belonged to the Dhund Abbasi tribe of the Murree Hills and Abbottabad District. He was a patron of Esperanto language in Pakistan. He was patron in chief Pakistan Esperanto Association...
, a Muslim scholar - Sherbaz Khan, leaderSardarSardar is a title of Indo-Aryan origin that was originally used to denote feudal princes, noblemen, and other aristocrats. It was later applied to indicate a Head of State, a Commander-in-chief, and an Army military rank...
of the Dhund Abbasi tribe in the Hazara Region of colonial India during the time of the British RajBritish RajBritish Raj was the British rule in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947; The term can also refer to the period of dominion...