Demographics of Latvia
Encyclopedia
This article is about the demographic
features of the population
of the historical territory of Latvia
, including population density
, ethnic background
, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
was settled by the Baltic tribes some three millennia ago. The territories along the eastern Baltic first came under foreign domination at the beginning of the 13th century, with the formal establishment of Riga in 1201 under the German Teutonic Knights
.
Latvia, in whole or in parts, remained under foreign rule for the next eight centuries, finding itself at the cross-roads of all the regional superpowers of their day, including Denmark
(the Danes held on lands around the Gulf of Riga
), Sweden
, and Russia
, with southern (Courland) Latvia being at one time a vassal to Poland-Lithuania as well as Latgale falling directly under Poland-Lithuania rule. Through all this time, Latvia remained largely under Baltic German hegemony, with Baltic Germans comprising the largest land-owners, a situation which did not change until Latvia's independence.
Historically, Latvia has had significant German, Russian, Jewish
and Polish minorities. The majority (roughly two thirds) of Latvians, under Swedish influences, adopted Lutheranism, while the minority (the remaining third) of Latvians under Poland-Lithuania, Latgale in particular, retained their Catholicism. Aglona, in Latgale, has been the site of annual Catholic pilgrimage for centuries, even through to today.
The demographics shifted greatly in the 20th century due to the world wars, the repatriation of the Baltic Germans, the Holocaust, and occupation by the Soviet Union
. Today, only the Russian minority, which has tripled in numbers since 1935, remains important. The share of ethnic Latvians grew from 77% (1,467,035) in 1935 to 80% (1,508,800), after human loss in WWII and human deportation and other repressive measures, fell strongly to 52% (1,387,757) in 1989.
In 2005, there were even fewer Latvians than in 1989, though their share of the population was larger - 1,357,099 (58.8% of the inhabitants). People who arrived in Latvia during the Soviet era, and their descendants born before 21 August 1991, have to pass a naturalisation process to receive Latvian citizenship. Children born to residents after the restoration of independence in 1991 automatically receive citizenship. However, if both parents are "stateless," then the parents must take the extra step of choosing Latvian citizenship for their child—who is automatically entitled, but for whom citizenship is not automatic (neither granted nor imposed).
Over 130,000 persons have been naturalized as Latvian citizens since 1995, but 351,435 persons (231,711 of them ethnic Russians
), as of July 2009, live in Latvia with aliens' passports. Large numbers of Russians, as well as some Ukrainians and Belarussians remained in Latvia after the fall of the Soviet Union.
Latvians and Livonians, the indigenous peoples of Latvia, are now 60% of the population. Livonians are the other indigenous ethnic group, with about 100 of them remaining. Some Latgalians
consider themselves as a group separate from Latvians, but the predominant view is that Latgalians are a distinctive subgroup of Latvians.
According to rankings provided by the United states Census Bureau - International Data Base (IDB) - Country Rankings, Latvia is estimated to have a population of 1,544,000 in the year 2050.
15–64 years: 69.5% (male 747,044/female 785,521)
65 years and over: 16,9% (male 121,570/female 252,111) (2011 est.)
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.48 male(s)/female
total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
Male 10.2 deaths/1,000 live births
Female 6.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)
male: 67.56 years
female: 78.07 years (2011 est.)
adjective: Latvian (archaic: Lettish)
, 10.6% non-denominational believers and 15.8% non-believers.
total population: 99.7%
male: 99.8%
female: 99.7% (2000 census)
In the 2000 census
, 1,311,093 persons in Latvia reported Latvian as their mother tongue; 891,451 respondents listed Russian as their mother tongue, representing 37.5% of the total population, whereas Latvian was recorded as the mother tongue for 58.2%. Latvian was spoken as a second language by 20.8% of the population, and 43.7% spoke Russian as a second language. In total, 71% of ethnic Latvians said they could speak Russian, and 52% of Russians could speak Latvian.
p=preliminary
Demographics
Demographics are the most recent statistical characteristics of a population. These types of data are used widely in sociology , public policy, and marketing. Commonly examined demographics include gender, race, age, disabilities, mobility, home ownership, employment status, and even location...
features of the population
Population
A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals...
of the historical territory of Latvia
Latvia
Latvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden...
, including population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
, ethnic background
Ethnic group
An ethnic group is a group of people whose members identify with each other, through a common heritage, often consisting of a common language, a common culture and/or an ideology that stresses common ancestry or endogamy...
, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Background
LatviaLatvia
Latvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden...
was settled by the Baltic tribes some three millennia ago. The territories along the eastern Baltic first came under foreign domination at the beginning of the 13th century, with the formal establishment of Riga in 1201 under the German Teutonic Knights
Teutonic Knights
The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem , commonly the Teutonic Order , is a German medieval military order, in modern times a purely religious Catholic order...
.
Latvia, in whole or in parts, remained under foreign rule for the next eight centuries, finding itself at the cross-roads of all the regional superpowers of their day, including Denmark
Denmark
Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
(the Danes held on lands around the Gulf of Riga
Gulf of Riga
The Gulf of Riga, or Bay of Riga, is a bay of the Baltic Sea between Latvia and Estonia. According to C.Michael Hogan, a saline stratification layer is found at a depth of approximately seventy metres....
), Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
, and Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, with southern (Courland) Latvia being at one time a vassal to Poland-Lithuania as well as Latgale falling directly under Poland-Lithuania rule. Through all this time, Latvia remained largely under Baltic German hegemony, with Baltic Germans comprising the largest land-owners, a situation which did not change until Latvia's independence.
Historically, Latvia has had significant German, Russian, Jewish
Jews
The Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation...
and Polish minorities. The majority (roughly two thirds) of Latvians, under Swedish influences, adopted Lutheranism, while the minority (the remaining third) of Latvians under Poland-Lithuania, Latgale in particular, retained their Catholicism. Aglona, in Latgale, has been the site of annual Catholic pilgrimage for centuries, even through to today.
Historical shifts
In 1897, the first official census in this area indicated that Latvians formed 68.3 % of the total population of 1.93 million; Russians accounted for 12%, Jews for 7.4 %, Germans for 6.2 %, and Poles for 3.4 %. The remainder were Lithuanians, Estonians, Gypsies, and various other nationalities.The demographics shifted greatly in the 20th century due to the world wars, the repatriation of the Baltic Germans, the Holocaust, and occupation by the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
. Today, only the Russian minority, which has tripled in numbers since 1935, remains important. The share of ethnic Latvians grew from 77% (1,467,035) in 1935 to 80% (1,508,800), after human loss in WWII and human deportation and other repressive measures, fell strongly to 52% (1,387,757) in 1989.
In 2005, there were even fewer Latvians than in 1989, though their share of the population was larger - 1,357,099 (58.8% of the inhabitants). People who arrived in Latvia during the Soviet era, and their descendants born before 21 August 1991, have to pass a naturalisation process to receive Latvian citizenship. Children born to residents after the restoration of independence in 1991 automatically receive citizenship. However, if both parents are "stateless," then the parents must take the extra step of choosing Latvian citizenship for their child—who is automatically entitled, but for whom citizenship is not automatic (neither granted nor imposed).
Over 130,000 persons have been naturalized as Latvian citizens since 1995, but 351,435 persons (231,711 of them ethnic Russians
Russians
The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
), as of July 2009, live in Latvia with aliens' passports. Large numbers of Russians, as well as some Ukrainians and Belarussians remained in Latvia after the fall of the Soviet Union.
Latvians and Livonians, the indigenous peoples of Latvia, are now 60% of the population. Livonians are the other indigenous ethnic group, with about 100 of them remaining. Some Latgalians
Latgalians
The term Latgalians The term Latgalians The term Latgalians (Latgalian: latgalīši, latgali, (also spelt Latgallians and sometimes known as Lettigalls, Latgolans, or Lettigallians) can refer to the inhabitants of the Latgale region in eastern Latvia in general, the ethnic Latvians of Latgale...
consider themselves as a group separate from Latvians, but the predominant view is that Latgalians are a distinctive subgroup of Latvians.
According to rankings provided by the United states Census Bureau - International Data Base (IDB) - Country Rankings, Latvia is estimated to have a population of 1,544,000 in the year 2050.
Ethnic groups
| Ethnic group |
census 1925 | census 1935 | census 1959 | census 1970 | census 1979 | census 1989 | census 2000 | 2011 http://data.csb.gov.lv/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=IS0070&ti=ISG07%2E+PAST%C2V%CEGO+IEDZ%CEVOT%C2JU+NACION%C2LAIS+SAST%C2VS+GADA+S%C2KUM%C2&path=../DATABASE/Iedzsoc/Ikgad%E7jie%20statistikas%20dati/Iedz%EEvot%E2ji/&lang=16 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
| Latvians | 1,354,126 | 73.4 | 1,472,612 | 75.5 | 1,297,881 | 62.0 | 1,341,805 | 56.8 | 1,344,105 | 53.7 | 1,387,757 | 52.0 | 1,370,703 | 57.7 | 1,327,129 | 59.5 |
| Russians Russians The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.... |
193,648 | 10.5 | 206,499 | 10.6 | 556,448 | 26.6 | 704,599 | 29.8 | 821,464 | 32.8 | 905,515 | 34.0 | 703,243 | 29.6 | 610,297 | 27.4 |
| Belarusians Belarusians Belarusians ; are an East Slavic ethnic group who populate the majority of the Republic of Belarus. Introduced to the world as a new state in the early 1990s, the Republic of Belarus brought with it the notion of a re-emerging Belarusian ethnicity, drawn upon the lines of the Old Belarusian... |
38,010 | 2.1 | 26,867 | 1.4 | 61,587 | 2.9 | 94,898 | 4.0 | 111,505 | 4.5 | 119,702 | 4.5 | 97,150 | 4.1 | 78,556 | 3.5 |
| Ukrainians Ukrainians Ukrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens... |
512 | 0.0 | 1,844 | 0.1 | 29,440 | 1.4 | 53,461 | 2.3 | 66,703 | 2.7 | 92,101 | 3.5 | 63,644 | 2.7 | 54,425 | 2.4 |
| Poles Poles thumb|right|180px|The state flag of [[Poland]] as used by Polish government and diplomatic authoritiesThe Polish people, or Poles , are a nation indigenous to Poland. They are united by the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe... |
51,143 | 2.8 | 48,949 | 2.5 | 59,774 | 2.9 | 63,045 | 2.7 | 62,690 | 2.5 | 60,416 | 2.3 | 59,505 | 2.5 | 51,397 | 2.3 |
| Lithuanians | 23,192 | 1.3 | 22,913 | 1.2 | 32,383 | 1.6 | 40,589 | 1.7 | 37,818 | 1.5 | 34,630 | 1.3 | 33,430 | 1.4 | 29,376 | 1.3 |
| Jews | 95,675 | 5.2 | 93,479 | 4.8 | 36,592 | 1.8 | 36,680 | 1.6 | 28,331 | 1.1 | 22,897 | 0.9 | 10,385 | 0.4 | 9,529 | 0.4 |
| Roma | 2,870 | 0.2 | 3,839 | 0.2 | 4,301 | 0.2 | 5,427 | 0.2 | 6,134 | 0.3 | 7,044 | 0.3 | 8,205 | 0.3 | 8,536 | 0.4 |
| Germans Germans The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages.... |
70,964 | 3.8 | 62,144 | 3.2 | 1,609 | 0.1 | 5,413 | 0.2 | 3,299 | 0.1 | 3,783 | 0.1 | 3,465 | 0.1 | 4,548 | 0.2 |
| Estonians Estonians Estonians are a Finnic people closely related to the Finns and inhabiting, primarily, the country of Estonia. They speak a Finnic language known as Estonian... |
7,893 | 0.4 | 7,014 | 0.4 | 4,610 | 0.2 | 4,334 | 0.2 | 3,681 | 0.2 | 3,312 | 0.1 | 2,652 | 0.1 | 2,359 | 0.1 |
| Livonians | 1,268 | 0.1 | 944 | 0.0 | 185 | 0.0 | 48 | 0.0 | 107 | 0.0 | 135 | 0.0 | 180 | 0.0 | — | |
| Others | 5,504 | 0.3 | 3,398 | 0.2 | 8,648 | 0.4 | 13,828 | 0.6 | 16,979 | 0.7 | 29,275 | 1.1 | 24,824 | 1.1 | 53,489 | 2.5 |
| Total | 1,844,805 | 1,950,502 | 2,093,458 | 2,364,127 | 2,502,816 | 2,666,567 | 2,377,383 | 2,236,910 | ||||||||
CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
The following data are estimates as of September 2009, obtained from the CIA World Factbook.Age structure
0–14 years: 13.5% (male 152,706/female 145,756)15–64 years: 69.5% (male 747,044/female 785,521)
65 years and over: 16,9% (male 121,570/female 252,111) (2011 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.054 male(s)/femaleunder 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.48 male(s)/female
total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
Infant mortality rate
Total 8.42 deaths/1,000 live birthsMale 10.2 deaths/1,000 live births
Female 6.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 72.68 yearsmale: 67.56 years
female: 78.07 years (2011 est.)
Nationality
noun: Latvian(s) (archaic: Lett(s))adjective: Latvian (archaic: Lettish)
Religions
NB. In a 2005 survey, 24.1 % described themselves as Russian Orthodox, 20.7% Catholics, 20.0% Lutherans, 4.4% Old BelieversOld Believers
In the context of Russian Orthodox church history, the Old Believers separated after 1666 from the official Russian Orthodox Church as a protest against church reforms introduced by Patriarch Nikon between 1652–66...
, 10.6% non-denominational believers and 15.8% non-believers.
Literacy
definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99.7%
male: 99.8%
female: 99.7% (2000 census)
Languages
- official: LatvianLatvian languageLatvian is the official state language of Latvia. It is also sometimes referred to as Lettish. There are about 1.4 million native Latvian speakers in Latvia and about 150,000 abroad. The Latvian language has a relatively large number of non-native speakers, atypical for a small language...
- considered indigenous in some legislation: LivonianLivonian languageLivonian belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages. It is a nearly extinct language, with one of its last native speakers having died in February 2009. It is closely related to Estonian...
, LatgalianLatgalian languageLatgalian language can mean one of the following:#It was a language spoken by Latgalians in a great part of the area which is now Latvia. Latgalian was a member of the Baltic group of the Indo-European language family. Historically the Latvian language is derived from Latgalian Latgalian language... - other languages registered as mother tongue by at least 500 speakers in 2000 census (in declining order): RussianRussian languageRussian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...
, BelarusianBelarusian languageThe Belarusian language , sometimes referred to as White Russian or White Ruthenian, is the language of the Belarusian people...
, UkrainianUkrainian languageUkrainian is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. It is the official state language of Ukraine. Written Ukrainian uses a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet....
, LithuanianLithuanian languageLithuanian is the official state language of Lithuania and is recognized as one of the official languages of the European Union. There are about 2.96 million native Lithuanian speakers in Lithuania and about 170,000 abroad. Lithuanian is a Baltic language, closely related to Latvian, although they...
, PolishPolish languagePolish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries...
, RomaniRomani languageRomani or Romany, Gypsy or Gipsy is any of several languages of the Romani people. They are Indic, sometimes classified in the "Central" or "Northwestern" zone, and sometimes treated as a branch of their own....
, TatarTatar languageThe Tatar language , or more specifically Kazan Tatar, is a Turkic language spoken by the Tatars of historical Kazan Khanate, including modern Tatarstan and Bashkiria...
, YiddishYiddish languageYiddish is a High German language of Ashkenazi Jewish origin, spoken throughout the world. It developed as a fusion of German dialects with Hebrew, Aramaic, Slavic languages and traces of Romance languages...
and HebrewHebrew languageHebrew is a Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Culturally, is it considered by Jews and other religious groups as the language of the Jewish people, though other Jewish languages had originated among diaspora Jews, and the Hebrew language is also used by non-Jewish groups, such...
, EstonianEstonian languageEstonian is the official language of Estonia, spoken by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various émigré communities...
, GermanGerman languageGerman is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union.... - other languages widely spoken: EnglishEnglish languageEnglish is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
In the 2000 census
Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
, 1,311,093 persons in Latvia reported Latvian as their mother tongue; 891,451 respondents listed Russian as their mother tongue, representing 37.5% of the total population, whereas Latvian was recorded as the mother tongue for 58.2%. Latvian was spoken as a second language by 20.8% of the population, and 43.7% spoke Russian as a second language. In total, 71% of ethnic Latvians said they could speak Russian, and 52% of Russians could speak Latvian.
Table of vital statistics
- Source: Latvijas Statistika and UN Demographic Yearbooks
| Average population (x 1000) | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1946 | 1 636 | 30 544 | 32 266 | -1 722 | 18.7 | 19.7 | -1.1 |
| 1947 | 1 787 | 34 832 | 32 435 | 2 397 | 19.5 | 18.2 | 1.3 |
| 1948 | 1 872 | 35 402 | 26 500 | 8 902 | 18.9 | 14.2 | 4.8 |
| 1949 | 1 886 | 35 671 | 25 640 | 10 031 | 18.9 | 13.6 | 5.3 |
| 1950 | 1 887 | 33 137 | 24 250 | 8 887 | 17.6 | 12.9 | 4.7 |
| 1951 | 1 895 | 32 764 | 23 898 | 8 866 | 17.3 | 12.6 | 4.7 |
| 1952 | 1 906 | 32 278 | 22 680 | 9 598 | 16.9 | 11.9 | 5.0 |
| 1953 | 1 926 | 30 986 | 22 761 | 8 225 | 16.1 | 11.8 | 4.3 |
| 1954 | 1 953 | 33 202 | 22 500 | 10 702 | 17.0 | 11.5 | 5.5 |
| 1955 | 1 981 | 32 968 | 21 330 | 11 638 | 16.6 | 10.8 | 5.9 |
| 1956 | 2 018 | 32 590 | 20 339 | 12 251 | 16.1 | 10.1 | 6.1 |
| 1957 | 2 054 | 33 714 | 21 087 | 12 627 | 16.4 | 10.3 | 6.1 |
| 1958 | 2 073 | 35 068 | 20 910 | 14 158 | 16.9 | 10.1 | 6.8 |
| 1959 | 2 092 | 35 028 | 22 601 | 12 427 | 16.7 | 10.8 | 5.9 |
| 1960 | 2 121 | 35 468 | 21 314 | 14 154 | 16.7 | 10.0 | 6.7 |
| 1961 | 2 153 | 35 993 | 21 759 | 14 234 | 16.7 | 10.1 | 6.6 |
| 1962 | 2 182 | 35 061 | 23 592 | 11 469 | 16.1 | 10.8 | 5.3 |
| 1963 | 2 211 | 33 843 | 22 703 | 11 140 | 15.3 | 10.3 | 5.0 |
| 1964 | 2 241 | 33 053 | 21 165 | 11 888 | 14.7 | 9.4 | 5.3 |
| 1965 | 2 266 | 31 212 | 22 780 | 8 432 | 13.8 | 10.1 | 3.7 |
| 1966 | 2 283 | 31 974 | 23 350 | 8 624 | 14.0 | 10.2 | 3.8 |
| 1967 | 2 301 | 32 232 | 24 362 | 7 870 | 14.0 | 10.6 | 3.4 |
| 1968 | 2 324 | 32 693 | 25 104 | 7 589 | 14.1 | 10.8 | 3.3 |
| 1969 | 2 343 | 32 915 | 26 229 | 6 686 | 14.0 | 11.2 | 2.9 |
| 1970 | 2 359 | 34 333 | 26 546 | 7 787 | 14.6 | 11.3 | 3.3 |
| 1971 | 2 376 | 35 239 | 26 275 | 8 964 | 14.8 | 11.1 | 3.8 |
| 1972 | 2 396 | 35 007 | 27 296 | 7 711 | 14.6 | 11.4 | 3.2 |
| 1973 | 2 416 | 34 008 | 28 139 | 5 869 | 14.1 | 11.6 | 2.4 |
| 1974 | 2 437 | 34 920 | 28 143 | 6 777 | 14.3 | 11.5 | 2.8 |
| 1975 | 2 456 | 34 810 | 30 042 | 4 768 | 14.2 | 12.2 | 1.9 |
| 1976 | 2 470 | 34 644 | 30 373 | 4 271 | 14.0 | 12.3 | 1.7 |
| 1977 | 2 485 | 34 240 | 30 869 | 3 371 | 13.8 | 12.4 | 1.4 |
| 1978 | 2 498 | 34 258 | 31 261 | 2 997 | 13.7 | 12.5 | 1.2 |
| 1979 | 2 506 | 34 683 | 32 162 | 2 521 | 13.8 | 12.8 | 1.0 |
| 1980 | 2 512 | 35 534 | 32 100 | 3 434 | 14.1 | 12.8 | 1.4 |
| 1981 | 2 519 | 35 732 | 32 090 | 3 642 | 14.2 | 12.7 | 1.4 |
| 1982 | 2 531 | 37 477 | 31 234 | 6 243 | 14.8 | 12.3 | 2.5 |
| 1983 | 2 546 | 40 572 | 32 330 | 8 242 | 15.9 | 12.7 | 3.2 |
| 1984 | 2 562 | 40 847 | 33 406 | 7 441 | 15.9 | 13.0 | 2.9 |
| 1985 | 2 579 | 39 571 | 34 166 | 5 405 | 15.3 | 13.2 | 2.1 |
| 1986 | 2 600 | 41 960 | 31 328 | 10 632 | 16.1 | 12.0 | 4.1 |
| 1987 | 2 627 | 42 135 | 32 150 | 9 985 | 16.0 | 12.2 | 3.8 |
| 1988 | 2 653 | 41 275 | 32 421 | 8 854 | 15.6 | 12.2 | 3.3 |
| 1989 | 2 667 | 38 922 | 32 584 | 6 338 | 14.6 | 12.2 | 2.4 |
| 1990 | 2 663 | 37 918 | 34 812 | 3 106 | 14.2 | 13.1 | 1.2 |
| 1991 | 2 651 | 34 633 | 34 749 | - 116 | 13.1 | 13.1 | -0.0 |
| 1992 | 2 614 | 31 569 | 35 420 | -3 851 | 12.1 | 13.6 | -1.5 |
| 1993 | 2 563 | 26 759 | 39 197 | -12 438 | 10.4 | 15.3 | -4.9 |
| 1994 | 2 521 | 24 256 | 41 757 | -17 501 | 9.6 | 16.6 | -6.9 |
| 1995 | 2 485 | 21 595 | 38 931 | -17 336 | 8.7 | 15.7 | -7.0 |
| 1996 | 2 457 | 19 782 | 34 320 | -14 538 | 8.1 | 14.0 | -5.9 |
| 1997 | 2 433 | 18 830 | 33 533 | -14 703 | 7.7 | 13.8 | -6.0 |
| 1998 | 2 410 | 18 410 | 34 200 | -15 790 | 7.6 | 14.2 | -6.6 |
| 1999 | 2 390 | 19 396 | 32 844 | -13 448 | 8.1 | 13.7 | -5.6 |
| 2000 | 2 373 | 20 248 | 32 205 | -11 957 | 8.5 | 13.6 | -5.0 |
| 2001 | 2 355 | 19 664 | 32 991 | -13 327 | 8.3 | 14.0 | -5.7 |
| 2002 | 2 339 | 20 044 | 32 498 | -12 454 | 8.6 | 13.9 | -5.3 |
| 2003 | 2 325 | 21 006 | 32 437 | -11 431 | 9.0 | 14.0 | -4.9 |
| 2004 | 2 313 | 20 334 | 32 024 | -11 690 | 8.8 | 13.8 | -5.1 |
| 2005 | 2 301 | 21 497 | 32 777 | -11 280 | 9.3 | 14.2 | -4.9 |
| 2006 | 2 288 | 22 264 | 33 098 | -10 834 | 9.7 | 14.5 | -4.7 |
| 2007 | 2 276 | 23 273 | 33 042 | -9 769 | 10.2 | 14.5 | -4.3 |
| 2008 | 2 266 | 23 948 | 31 006 | -7 058 | 10.6 | 13.7 | -3.1 |
| 2009 | 2 255 | 21 677 | 29 897 | -8 220 | 9.6 | 13.3 | -3.6 |
| 2010 (p) | 2 239 | 19 220 | 29 970 | -10 750 | 8.6 | 13.4 | -4.8 |
p=preliminary