De Hoop, Holwerd
Encyclopedia
De Hoop is a smock mill
in Holwerd
, Friesland
, Netherlands
which was built in the 1730s and is working for trade. The mill is listed as a Rijksmonument
, number 38709.
is mentioned in the document, and windmills are also mentioned. It is generally accepted that the town referred to is Holwerd. In 1511, a "mill yard" is mentioned at Holwerd. In 1515, the town was burnt in a battle between the Duke of Gelre
and the Duke of Saksen
. Amongst the buildings burnt was a dye mill. In 1677, a mill on the town wall was sold for ƒ2,900, a high price for the time.
The earliest record of a mill named De Hoop is that it was standing in 1711. when it was bought for ƒ2,540 by Jan and Jeppe Harmens from Antie Lammerts, widow of miller Oeble Sipkes. In 1713, Jan Harmens sold his share of the mill to Nittert Siemens for ƒ1,170.
In 1715, Siemens sold his share of the mill to Heert Pytters for ƒ4,000. In 1721, Jeppe Harmens took over his father's mill at Lioessens
and sold his share in De Hoop to Heert Pytters. Pytters was followed by Harke Sipkes, who was miller in 1728. On 7 January 1729, the mill was sold by auction
to Jan Sieverts, who owned a barley mill in the town. He worked the mill until his death in 1732, following which his widow took over the running of the mill. In 1748, the mill was only working at two-thirds capacity as a pair of rye
stones had been removed from the mill, the tax on the mill then being assessed at ƒ40 instead of ƒ60. In 1750, the tax reverted to ƒ60, indicating that the barley stones had been replaced. In 1754, Sieverts' son Sijvert Jans Sievert came of age and took the mill. In 1764, the mill was bought by Ids Lieuwes. He worked the mill until his death in 1784, after which his widow Hinke Johannes took the mill.
Luitje Jans van der Meulen was the next miller. He bought the mill in 1811 for ƒ9,500. At this time, an annual ground rent of ƒ4 was payable. He died on 3 November 1826, aged 57. The mill was then worked by his widow Nieske Kadijk until it was sold by auction at De Zwaan, Holwerd on 12 May 1839. At this time, the mill had four pairs of millstones. The stage was 4.5 metre above ground level and the sails had span of 16.5 metre. The mill was bought for ƒ9,506 by Gerben Willems Hoekstra of Zwaagwesteinde. He was then 31 years old. In 1849, De Hoop was demolished and a new mill built in its place.
On 26 March 1873, Hoekstra's wife Fokelina Kornelis Posthuma died, followed on 29 October 1873 by their daughter Trijntje. In this year, De Hoop was modernised, and a cast iron windshaft was fitted. Hoekstra died on 5 July 1892 aged 84. His estate was worth ƒ32,567.92, which was then a large sum of money for a miller to leave. The mill was bought at auction for ƒ4,380 by Hoekstra's son Rein Gerbens Hoekstra. He ran the mill until he retired in 1909. The mill was sold for ƒ4,700 to his sone Henricus Hoekstra. Photographs taken c1930 show that the mill was then equipped with one pair of Common sails and one pair of Patent sails. He ran De Hoop until he retired in 1948 aged 70. His son Henricus then took the mill, and ran it with his brother-in-law Pier Faddema. The mill was sold to L O Hiddema & Co in 1954. The internal machinery was dismantled and the mill relegated to use as a store.
In December 1956, the Gemeente Westdongeradeel entered into negotiations with Hiddema with the aim of purchasing the mill for preservation. Hiddema asks at least ƒ10,000 for the mill. In 1962, further negotiations were made, and millwright
Jellema of Birdaard was asked to assess the costs of restoration of the mill building only. Plans were made for a foundation to care for the mill once it had been purchased by the Gemeente. On 25 June 1963, the mill was bought by the Gemeente Westdongeradeel for ƒ5,000.
Restorations were undertaken in 1967 and 1971, concentrating on the exterior of the mill at a cost of ƒ70,000. In 1980, the internal machinery was restored and the mill was returned to working order at a cost of ƒ270,000. The mill was officially opened on 30 June 1982. New sails were fitted in 1994 by millwright Jellema of Birdaard. In that year, ownership of De Hoop was transferred to Stichting Monumentenbehoud Dongeradeel. The mill was rethatched in 2009.
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, each is driven via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 24 staves. The millstones are 1.66 metre and 1.82 metre diameter.
References for above:-
Smock mill
The smock mill is a type of windmill that consists of a sloping, horizontally weatherboarded tower, usually with six or eight sides. It is topped with a roof or cap that rotates to bring the sails into the wind...
in Holwerd
Holwerd
Holwerd is a village in the northern Netherlands, in the province of Friesland. Wadloopcentrum Fryslân in Holwerd is a center for the training of wadlopen guides and the preservation of the sport. It was the birthplace of astronomer Johannes Phocylides Holwarda. Holwerd had a station on the North...
, Friesland
Friesland
Friesland is a province in the north of the Netherlands and part of the ancient region of Frisia.Until the end of 1996, the province bore Friesland as its official name. In 1997 this Dutch name lost its official status to the Frisian Fryslân...
, Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
which was built in the 1730s and is working for trade. The mill is listed as a Rijksmonument
Rijksmonument
A rijksmonument is a National Heritage Site of the Netherlands, listed by the agency Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed acting for the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.-History and criteria:...
, number 38709.
History
The earliest record of a windmill in Hollum is c1399, when the windrecht (right to wind) was mentioned on page 292 of the Zoenbrief en Accoord between Count Albrecht van Beieren and the Frisian people. An "old and established town" near DokkumDokkum
Dokkum is a Dutch fortified town in the municipality of Dongeradeel in the province of Friesland. It has 13,145 inhabitants . The fortifications of Dokkum are well preserved and are known as the bolwerken . - History :...
is mentioned in the document, and windmills are also mentioned. It is generally accepted that the town referred to is Holwerd. In 1511, a "mill yard" is mentioned at Holwerd. In 1515, the town was burnt in a battle between the Duke of Gelre
Guelders
Guelders or Gueldres is the name of a historical county, later duchy of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the Low Countries.-Geography:...
and the Duke of Saksen
Duchy of Saxony
The medieval Duchy of Saxony was a late Early Middle Ages "Carolingian stem duchy" covering the greater part of Northern Germany. It covered the area of the modern German states of Bremen, Hamburg, Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, and Saxony-Anhalt and most of Schleswig-Holstein...
. Amongst the buildings burnt was a dye mill. In 1677, a mill on the town wall was sold for ƒ2,900, a high price for the time.
The earliest record of a mill named De Hoop is that it was standing in 1711. when it was bought for ƒ2,540 by Jan and Jeppe Harmens from Antie Lammerts, widow of miller Oeble Sipkes. In 1713, Jan Harmens sold his share of the mill to Nittert Siemens for ƒ1,170.
In 1715, Siemens sold his share of the mill to Heert Pytters for ƒ4,000. In 1721, Jeppe Harmens took over his father's mill at Lioessens
Lioessens
Lioessens is a small village in Dongeradeel in the province Friesland of the Netherlands and has around the 360 citizens ....
and sold his share in De Hoop to Heert Pytters. Pytters was followed by Harke Sipkes, who was miller in 1728. On 7 January 1729, the mill was sold by auction
Auction
An auction is a process of buying and selling goods or services by offering them up for bid, taking bids, and then selling the item to the highest bidder...
to Jan Sieverts, who owned a barley mill in the town. He worked the mill until his death in 1732, following which his widow took over the running of the mill. In 1748, the mill was only working at two-thirds capacity as a pair of rye
Rye
Rye is a grass grown extensively as a grain and as a forage crop. It is a member of the wheat tribe and is closely related to barley and wheat. Rye grain is used for flour, rye bread, rye beer, some whiskeys, some vodkas, and animal fodder...
stones had been removed from the mill, the tax on the mill then being assessed at ƒ40 instead of ƒ60. In 1750, the tax reverted to ƒ60, indicating that the barley stones had been replaced. In 1754, Sieverts' son Sijvert Jans Sievert came of age and took the mill. In 1764, the mill was bought by Ids Lieuwes. He worked the mill until his death in 1784, after which his widow Hinke Johannes took the mill.
Luitje Jans van der Meulen was the next miller. He bought the mill in 1811 for ƒ9,500. At this time, an annual ground rent of ƒ4 was payable. He died on 3 November 1826, aged 57. The mill was then worked by his widow Nieske Kadijk until it was sold by auction at De Zwaan, Holwerd on 12 May 1839. At this time, the mill had four pairs of millstones. The stage was 4.5 metre above ground level and the sails had span of 16.5 metre. The mill was bought for ƒ9,506 by Gerben Willems Hoekstra of Zwaagwesteinde. He was then 31 years old. In 1849, De Hoop was demolished and a new mill built in its place.
On 26 March 1873, Hoekstra's wife Fokelina Kornelis Posthuma died, followed on 29 October 1873 by their daughter Trijntje. In this year, De Hoop was modernised, and a cast iron windshaft was fitted. Hoekstra died on 5 July 1892 aged 84. His estate was worth ƒ32,567.92, which was then a large sum of money for a miller to leave. The mill was bought at auction for ƒ4,380 by Hoekstra's son Rein Gerbens Hoekstra. He ran the mill until he retired in 1909. The mill was sold for ƒ4,700 to his sone Henricus Hoekstra. Photographs taken c1930 show that the mill was then equipped with one pair of Common sails and one pair of Patent sails. He ran De Hoop until he retired in 1948 aged 70. His son Henricus then took the mill, and ran it with his brother-in-law Pier Faddema. The mill was sold to L O Hiddema & Co in 1954. The internal machinery was dismantled and the mill relegated to use as a store.
In December 1956, the Gemeente Westdongeradeel entered into negotiations with Hiddema with the aim of purchasing the mill for preservation. Hiddema asks at least ƒ10,000 for the mill. In 1962, further negotiations were made, and millwright
Millwright
A millwright is a craftsman or tradesman engaged with the construction and maintenance of machinery.Early millwrights were specialist carpenters who erected machines used in agriculture, food processing and processing lumber and paper...
Jellema of Birdaard was asked to assess the costs of restoration of the mill building only. Plans were made for a foundation to care for the mill once it had been purchased by the Gemeente. On 25 June 1963, the mill was bought by the Gemeente Westdongeradeel for ƒ5,000.
Restorations were undertaken in 1967 and 1971, concentrating on the exterior of the mill at a cost of ƒ70,000. In 1980, the internal machinery was restored and the mill was returned to working order at a cost of ƒ270,000. The mill was officially opened on 30 June 1982. New sails were fitted in 1994 by millwright Jellema of Birdaard. In that year, ownership of De Hoop was transferred to Stichting Monumentenbehoud Dongeradeel. The mill was rethatched in 2009.
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Description
De Hoop is what the Dutch describe as a "stellingmolen" . It is a two storey smock mill on a three storey base. The stage is at second floor level, 6.1 metre above ground level. The smock and cap are thatched. The mill is winded by tailpole and winch. The sails are Common sails.They have a span of 23.65 metre. The sails are carried on a cast iron windshaft, which was cast in 1873 by L Enthoven & Co, 's Gravenhage. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel,which has 62 cogs. This drives the wallower (32 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel, which has 91 cogs. The great spur wheel drives a pair of 1.4 metre diameter Cullen millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 24 staves. There are also two pairs of millstones used for producing pearl barleyPearl barley
Pearl barley is barley processed to remove its hull and bran. Barley must have its fibrous outer hull removed before it can be eaten; pearl barley is taken a step further, polished to remove the nutritious bran layer....
, each is driven via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 24 staves. The millstones are 1.66 metre and 1.82 metre diameter.
Millers
- Oeble Sipkes
- Antie Lammerts −1711
- Jan Harmens 1711–18
- Jeppe Harmens 1711–21
- Nuttert Sijmons 1713–15
- Heert Pytters 1715–28
- Harke Sipkes 1728–29
- Jan Sieverts 1729–32
- Mrs Sieverts 1732–54
- Sijvert Jans Sieverts 1754–64
- Ids Lieuwes 1764–84
- Hinke Johannes 1784–1811
- Luitje Jans van der Meulen 1811–26
- Nieske Kadijk 1826–39
- Gerben Willems Hoekstra 1839–92
- Rein Hoekstra 1892–1909
- Henricus Hoekstra Sr 1909–48
- Henricus Hoekstra Jr 1948–54
- Pier Feddema 1948–54
References for above:-