Córdoba, Veracruz
Encyclopedia
Córdoba, officially known as Heroica Córdoba, is a city
and the seat of the municipality
of the same name in the Mexican state of Veracruz
. It was founded in 1618.
The city is composed of 15 barrio
s, bounded to the north by Ixhuatlán del Café and Tomatlán
, and to the south by Amatlán de los Reyes
and Naranjal
. The eastern area abuts Fortin de las Flores
and Chocamán
and the western area borders Amatlán de los Reyes.
Córdoba has a municipal area of 226 km2, which represents 0.19% of the whole of the state and 0.0071% of Mexico. Córdoba is divided into 176 localities, of which the most important are San José de Tapia, las Flores, Miraflores, Los Naranjos, Brillante Crucero, el Porvenir, San Rafael Caleria, Santa Elena, San Miguelito, and San Nicolás.
Its climate is warm and humid, with an annual average temperature of 19.8°C. There is abundant rainfall in summer and autumn, with little rain in winter.
's slave rebellion.
and the Spanish viceroy Juan de O'Donojú signed the Treaty of Córdoba
here, ratifying the Plan de Iguala and confirming Mexico's independence.
In 1902 Córdoba became the interchange point of the narrow-gauge Córdoba and Huatusco Railroad
to Coscomatepec.
, avocado
, orange
, lemon
, and rice
, along with some non-traditional crops as anturios, heliconia
s and palma camedor.
A highway connects Córdoba with the state's principal port, Veracruz. There is an adequate workforce, with a relatively low annual wage, providing opportunities for hiring for industry.
Córdoba is the focal point for the local sugar milling
and coffee processing
industries, and it is also an important place for marketing and refining tropical fruits.
Several medical institutions provide public-health services in Córdoba, including the ISSSTE
, the IMSS, and the SCSP. There is also a local Cruz Roja (Red Cross) hospital, and several private hospitals.
The city has a large number of entertainment centers, including billiard halls, ballrooms and discothèques. Cordoba has three libraries, three auditoriums, a theatre and a museum.
narrow gauge
railroad. The line operated as a unique and scenic gauge branch of Ferrocarril Mexicano from 1909 through 1951.
. Neighbouring cities are Naranjal
, Fortín
, Ixtaczoquitlán
and Orizaba
. The municipality has an area of 139.01 km² (53.7 sq mi) and a population of 186,623, which includes that of many outlying small communities, the largest of which are San Román and Crucero Nacional.
(main square). The square, called the Parque de 21 de Mayo, uses the traditional Spanish layout, with a church on the east side, the Palacio Municipal (city hall) on the west, and commercial establishments on the north and south sides.
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...
and the seat of the municipality
Municipalities of Mexico
Municipalities are the second-level administrative division in Mexico . There are 2,438 municipalities in Mexico, making the average municipality population 45,616...
of the same name in the Mexican state of Veracruz
Veracruz
Veracruz, formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave , is one of the 31 states that, along with the Federal District, comprise the 32 federative entities of Mexico. It is divided in 212 municipalities and its capital city is...
. It was founded in 1618.
The city is composed of 15 barrio
Barrio
Barrio is a Spanish word meaning district or neighborhood.-Usage:In its formal usage in English, barrios are generally considered cohesive places, sharing, for example, a church and traditions such as feast days...
s, bounded to the north by Ixhuatlán del Café and Tomatlán
Tomatlán
Tomatlán is a town and municipality, in Jalisco in central-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 153 km².As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 142 294 people ....
, and to the south by Amatlán de los Reyes
Amatlán de los Reyes (municipality)
Amatlán de los Reyes is a municipality in Veracruz, Mexico. It is located about 105.63 mi from state capital Xalapa to the south. It has an area of 148.9 km2...
and Naranjal
Naranjal
Naranjal may refer to:*Ecuador** Naranjal, Ecuador** Naranjal *Mexico**Naranjal, Quintana Roo**Naranjal, Veracruz**Naranjal mine*Paraguay**Naranjal District, Paraguay*Peru...
. The eastern area abuts Fortin de las Flores
Fortín de las Flores
Fortín de las Flores is a city in the Mexican state of Veracruz. Fortín de las Flores is the municipal seat of Fortín municipality, which borders on the municipalities of Córdoba, Naranjal and Ixtaczoquitlán...
and Chocamán
Chocaman
Chocaman in Veracruz, Mexico. It is located in the middle of the State of Veracruz, about 146 km from state capital Xalapa. It has a surface of 41.13 km2. It is located at ....
and the western area borders Amatlán de los Reyes.
Córdoba has a municipal area of 226 km2, which represents 0.19% of the whole of the state and 0.0071% of Mexico. Córdoba is divided into 176 localities, of which the most important are San José de Tapia, las Flores, Miraflores, Los Naranjos, Brillante Crucero, el Porvenir, San Rafael Caleria, Santa Elena, San Miguelito, and San Nicolás.
Natural geography
Córdoba is located in the center of the state of Veracruz, at 18º51'30" north latitude and 96º55'51" west longitude. It lies between the hills of Matlaquiahitl and Tepixtepec, at an elevation of 817 meters above mean sea level.Its climate is warm and humid, with an annual average temperature of 19.8°C. There is abundant rainfall in summer and autumn, with little rain in winter.
Colonial period
The village of Córdoba was founded in 1618 by the Spanish to protect royal interests from attacks by Gaspar YangaGaspar Yanga
Gaspar Yanga—often simply Yanga or Nyanga—was a leader of a slave rebellion in Mexico during the early period of Spanish colonial rule. Said to be of the Bran people and member of the royal family of Gabon, Yanga came to be the head of a band of revolting slaves near Veracruz around 1570...
's slave rebellion.
Independence
In August 1821, the Mexican revolutionary Agustín de IturbideAgustín de Iturbide
Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Aramburu , also known as Augustine I of Mexico, was a Mexican army general who built a successful political and military coalition that was able to march into Mexico City on 27 September 1821, decisively ending the Mexican War of Independence...
and the Spanish viceroy Juan de O'Donojú signed the Treaty of Córdoba
Treaty of Córdoba
The Treaty of Córdova established Mexican independence from Spain at the conclusion of the Mexican War of Independence. It was signed on August 24, 1821 in Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico. The signatories were the head of the Army of the Three Guarantees, Agustín de Iturbide, and acting on behalf of the...
here, ratifying the Plan de Iguala and confirming Mexico's independence.
In 1902 Córdoba became the interchange point of the narrow-gauge Córdoba and Huatusco Railroad
Córdoba and Huatusco Railroad
The Córdoba and Huatusco Railroad was a narrow gauge railroad connecting Huatusco with Córdoba. It was opened in 1902 and closed in 1953.- History :...
to Coscomatepec.
Economy
The main economic activities are agriculture, ranching, industry and trade. The principal crops are sugar cane, coffeeCoffee
Coffee is a brewed beverage with a dark,init brooo acidic flavor prepared from the roasted seeds of the coffee plant, colloquially called coffee beans. The beans are found in coffee cherries, which grow on trees cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in equatorial Latin America, Southeast Asia,...
, avocado
Avocado
The avocado is a tree native to Central Mexico, classified in the flowering plant family Lauraceae along with cinnamon, camphor and bay laurel...
, orange
Orange (fruit)
An orange—specifically, the sweet orange—is the citrus Citrus × sinensis and its fruit. It is the most commonly grown tree fruit in the world....
, lemon
Lemon
The lemon is both a small evergreen tree native to Asia, and the tree's ellipsoidal yellow fruit. The fruit is used for culinary and non-culinary purposes throughout the world – primarily for its juice, though the pulp and rind are also used, mainly in cooking and baking...
, and rice
Rice
Rice is the seed of the monocot plants Oryza sativa or Oryza glaberrima . As a cereal grain, it is the most important staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and the West Indies...
, along with some non-traditional crops as anturios, heliconia
Heliconia
Heliconia, derived from the Greek word helikonios, is a genus of about 100 to 200 species of flowering plants native to the tropical Americas and the Pacific Ocean islands west to Indonesia. Many species of Heliconia are found in rainforests or tropical wet forests of these regions...
s and palma camedor.
A highway connects Córdoba with the state's principal port, Veracruz. There is an adequate workforce, with a relatively low annual wage, providing opportunities for hiring for industry.
Córdoba is the focal point for the local sugar milling
Sugar refinery
A sugar refinery is a factory which refines raw sugar.Many cane sugar mills produce raw sugar, i.e. sugar with more colour and therefore more impurities than the white sugar which is normally consumed in households and used as an ingredient in soft drinks, cookies and so forth...
and coffee processing
Coffee processing
Processing of coffee is the method converting the raw fruit of the coffee plant into the coffee. The cherry has the fruit or pulp removed leaving the seed or bean which is then dried...
industries, and it is also an important place for marketing and refining tropical fruits.
Several medical institutions provide public-health services in Córdoba, including the ISSSTE
Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers
The Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers is a governmental organization in Mexico that administers part of Mexico's health care and social security systems, and provides assistance in cases of disability, old age, risks in labor, and death...
, the IMSS, and the SCSP. There is also a local Cruz Roja (Red Cross) hospital, and several private hospitals.
The city has a large number of entertainment centers, including billiard halls, ballrooms and discothèques. Cordoba has three libraries, three auditoriums, a theatre and a museum.
Transportation
From 1902 to 1953, Córdoba was served by the Córdoba and Huatusco RailroadCórdoba and Huatusco Railroad
The Córdoba and Huatusco Railroad was a narrow gauge railroad connecting Huatusco with Córdoba. It was opened in 1902 and closed in 1953.- History :...
narrow gauge
Narrow gauge
A narrow gauge railway is a railway that has a track gauge narrower than the of standard gauge railways. Most existing narrow gauge railways have gauges of between and .- Overview :...
railroad. The line operated as a unique and scenic gauge branch of Ferrocarril Mexicano from 1909 through 1951.
Demographics
With a 2005 census population of 136,237, Córdoba is the fifth-largest city in the state, and also one of the top tourist spots in the region. It is located on Federal Highways 190 and 180Mexican Federal Highway
Mexican Federal Highways, are roads maintained and built by the federal government of Mexico, through the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation ....
. Neighbouring cities are Naranjal
Naranjal
Naranjal may refer to:*Ecuador** Naranjal, Ecuador** Naranjal *Mexico**Naranjal, Quintana Roo**Naranjal, Veracruz**Naranjal mine*Paraguay**Naranjal District, Paraguay*Peru...
, Fortín
Fortin
Fortin is a surname, and may refer to:* André-Gilles Fortin* Dan Fortin* Dean Fortin, Canadian mayor of Victoria* Dédé Fortin* Émile Fortin* Ernest Fortin* Gilles Fortin* Jean-Baptiste Fortin* Jean-François Fortin, hockey player...
, Ixtaczoquitlán
Ixtaczoquitlán
Ixtaczoquitlán is a city in the Mexican state of Veracruz. It is located 2 kilometres. from Orizaba. It is close to the Fortín–Orizaba railroad and stands on Federal Highways 180 & 190.....
and Orizaba
Orizaba
Orizaba is a city and municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz. It is located 20 km west of its sister city Córdoba, and is adjacent to Río Blanco and Ixtaczoquitlán, on Federal Highways 180 and 190. The city had a 2005 census population of 117,273 and is almost coextensive with its small...
. The municipality has an area of 139.01 km² (53.7 sq mi) and a population of 186,623, which includes that of many outlying small communities, the largest of which are San Román and Crucero Nacional.
Notable locations
One of Córdoba's most important locations is its zócaloZócalo
The Zócalo is the main plaza or square in the heart of the historic center of Mexico City. The plaza used to be known simply as the "Main Square" or "Arms Square," and today its formal name is Plaza de la Constitución...
(main square). The square, called the Parque de 21 de Mayo, uses the traditional Spanish layout, with a church on the east side, the Palacio Municipal (city hall) on the west, and commercial establishments on the north and south sides.
Notable residents
Some of Córdoba's notable residents were:- García Arévalo
- Rubén Bonifaz NuñoRubén Bonifaz NuñoRubén Bonifaz Nuño is a Mexican poet and classical scholar.Born in Córdoba, Veracruz, he studied law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico from 1934 to 1947. In 1960, he began lecturing in Latin at the UNAM's Faculty of Philosophy and Literature and received a doctorate in Classics in...
(poet and classical translator) - Emilio CarballidoEmilio CarballidoEmilio Carballido was a Mexican writer who earned particular renown as a playwright....
(writer and dramatist) - Jorge CuestaJorge CuestaJorge Mateo Cuesta Porte-Petit was a Mexican chemist, writer and editor.- Biography :...
(chemist and writer) - Manuel FernándezManuel FernandezManuel "Manny" Fernandez was born .Fernandez is known for being the founder of the Gavilan Computer Corporation. This company was a pioneer, developing one of the first laptop computers, the Gavilan SC...
- Diego Fernández de Córdoba, Marquis of GuadalcázarDiego Fernández de Córdoba, Marquis of GuadalcázarDiego Fernández de Córdoba y López de las Roelas, Marquis of Guadalcázar and Count of Posadas , was Viceroy of Mexico from October 18, 1612 to March 14, 1621 and Viceroy of Peru from July 25, 1622 to January 14, 1629.-Early life:He was born in Seville.In 1598, aged 20, he was in Central Europe,...
- Alonso Galván
- José García Ocejo (painter of international fame)
- Sergio PitolSergio PitolSergio Pitol Demeneghi is a prominent Mexican writer, translator and diplomat. In 2005 he received the Cervantes Prize, the most prestigious literary award in the Spanish-speaking world....
(writer) - Diego RodríguezDiego RodríguezDiego Rodríguez was a mathematician, astronomer, educator, and technological innovator in New Spain. He was one of the most important figures in the scientific field in the colony in the second half of the seventeenth century....