Cyclase
Encyclopedia
A cyclase is an enzyme
, almost always a lyase
, that catalyzes
a chemical reaction
to form a cyclic compound
. Important cyclase enzymes include:
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates...
, almost always a lyase
Lyase
In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure...
, that catalyzes
Catalysis
Catalysis is the change in rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of a substance called a catalyst. Unlike other reagents that participate in the chemical reaction, a catalyst is not consumed by the reaction itself. A catalyst may participate in multiple chemical transformations....
a chemical reaction
Chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Chemical reactions can be either spontaneous, requiring no input of energy, or non-spontaneous, typically following the input of some type of energy, such as heat, light or electricity...
to form a cyclic compound
Cyclic compound
In chemistry, a cyclic compound is a compound in which a series of atoms is connected to form a loop or ring.While the vast majority of cyclic compounds are organic, a few inorganic substances form cyclic compounds as well, including sulfur, silanes, phosphanes, phosphoric acid, and triboric acid. ...
. Important cyclase enzymes include:
- Adenylyl cyclase, which forms cyclic AMP from adenosine triphosphateAdenosine triphosphateAdenosine-5'-triphosphate is a multifunctional nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme. It is often called the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer. ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism...
- Guanylyl cyclase, which forms cyclic GMP from guanosine triphosphateGuanosine triphosphateGuanosine-5'-triphosphate is a purine nucleoside triphosphate. It can act as a substrate for the synthesis of RNA during the transcription process...
- Guanylyl cyclase cGuanylyl cyclase cGuanylate cyclase 2C, also known as guanylyl cyclase C , intestinal guanylate cyclase, guanylate cyclase-C receptor, or the heat-stable enterotoxin receptor is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GUCY2C gene....