Political corruption

Political corruption

Political corruption is the use of legislated powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is not considered political corruption. Neither are illegal acts by...

 in the post-colonial

Colonialism

Colonialism is the establishment, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies in one territory by people from another territory. It is a process whereby the metropole claims sovereignty over the colony and the social structure, government, and economics of the colony are changed by...

 government of Kenya

Politics of Kenya

The Politics of Kenya take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Kenya is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Recent constitutional amendments have enabled sharing of executive powers between the...

 has had a history which spans the era of the Jomo Kenyatta

Jomo Kenyatta

Jomo Kenyattapron.] served as the first Prime Minister and President of Kenya. He is considered the founding father of the Kenyan nation....

 and Daniel arap Moi

Daniel arap Moi

Daniel Toroitich arap Moi was the President of Kenya from 1978 until 2002.Daniel arap Moi is popularly known to Kenyans as 'Nyayo', a Swahili word for 'footsteps'...

's KANU

Kenya African National Union

The Kenya African National Union, better known as KANU is a political party which ruled Kenya for nearly 40 years after its independence from British colonial rule in 1963, until its electoral loss at the end of 2002...

 governments to the Mwai Kibaki

Mwai Kibaki

Mwai Kibaki is the current and third President of the republic of Kenya.Kibaki was previously Vice President of Kenya for ten years from 1978–1988 and also held cabinet ministerial positions, including a widely acclaimed stint as Minister for Finance , Minister for Home Affairs and Minister for...

's NARC

National Rainbow Coalition

The National Rainbow Coalition was a coalition of Kenyan political parties in power from 2002 and 2005 when it fell apart in a controversy between its wings about a constitutional referendum.-Formation:...

 government. In the Corruption Perceptions Index

Corruption Perceptions Index

Since 1995, Transparency International publishes the Corruption Perceptions Index annually ranking countries "by their perceived levels of corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys." The CPI generally defines corruption as "the misuse of public power for private...

 2005 Kenya is ranked 144th out of 159 countries for corruption (least corrupt countries are at the top of the list). It is estimated the average urban Kenyan pays 16 bribes

Bribery

Bribery, a form of corruption, is an act implying money or gift giving that alters the behavior of the recipient. Bribery constitutes a crime and is defined by Black's Law Dictionary as the offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of any item of value to influence the actions of an official or...

 per month. Most of these bribes are fairly small but large ones are also taken — bribes worth over 50,000 Kenyan shilling

Kenyan shilling

The shilling is the currency of Kenya. It is divisible into 100 cents.-Coins:The first coins were issued in 1966 in denominations of 5, 10, 25 and 50 cents, and 1 and 2 shillings. Twenty-five cents coins were not minted after 1969; 2 shillings coins were last minted in 1971...

s (€600

Euro

The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,...

, USD

United States dollar

The United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies....

$700) account for 41% of the total value. There is also corruption on a larger scale with each of the last two regimes being criticised for their involvement.

Corruption

• The longest-running is the Goldenberg scandal
  Goldenberg scandal
  The Goldenberg scandal was a political scandal where the Kenyan government was found to have subsidised exports of gold far beyond standard arrangements during the 1990s, by paying the company Goldenberg International 35% more than their foreign currency earnings...
  
   , where the Kenyan government subsidized exports of gold, paying exporters in Kenyan Shillings (Sh) 35% over their foreign currency earnings. In this case, the gold was smuggled from Congo. The Goldenberg scandal cost Kenya the equivalent of more than 10% of the country's annual GDP.

• In 1998, political scientist Mutahi Ngunyi's NGO
  Non-governmental organization
  A non-governmental organization is a legally constituted organization created by natural or legal persons that operates independently from any government. The term originated from the United Nations , and is normally used to refer to organizations that do not form part of the government and are...
  
   - Series for Alternative Research in East Africa (SAREAT) engaged John Githongo
  John Githongo
  John Githongo is a former Kenyan journalist who investigated bribery and fraud in his home country and later, under the presidency of Mwai Kibaki, took on an official governmental position to fight corruption. In 2005 he left that position, later accusing top ministers of large-scale fraud...
  
   to edit a regional political economy magazine, East African Alternatives. The magazine folded after an audit instigated by the lead donor Ford Foundation
  Ford Foundation
  The Ford Foundation is a private foundation incorporated in Michigan and based in New York City created to fund programs that were chartered in 1936 by Edsel Ford and Henry Ford....
  
   found suspected misappropriation and collusion on the part of Ngunyi, who was executive director of SAREAT and Dr Jonathan Moyo
  Jonathan Moyo
  Jonathan Nathaniel Moyo is a controversial political figure in Zimbabwe. He was Minister of Information from 2000 to 2005 and is currently a Member of Parliament. He is considered the core architect of AIPPA and POSA....
  
  , who was the programme officer at the Ford Foundation in charge of disbursing the resources to the NGO. They have both been sued and the matter is still in court. It is known that the Ford Foundation has accepted Githongo's offer to be a prosecution witness in the case.

• A Sh360 million helicopter servicing contract in South Africa. Military officers had argued that the contract was too extravagant and servicing the helicopters could be done locally. Kenya Air Force (KAF) went ahead to spend Sh108 million as a down payment for servicing the Puma helicopters, whose tail number is logged as 418 at Denel Aviation, a South African firm.

• In 2003, the military was split over plans to buy new Czech fighter jets. The plan to buy the jet fighters would have cost taxpayers Sh12.3 billion.

• A Sh4.1 billion Navy ship deal . A Navy project was given to Euromarine, a company associated with Anura Pereira
  Anura Pereira
  Anura Pereira is a Sri Lankan with Cypriot origins, frequently mentioned in association with Corruption in Kenya-History:He came to Kenya in the 1980s and was a defence contractor during the KANU regime.-Controversy:...
  
  , the tender awarded in a process that has been criticised as irregular. The tender was worth Sh4.1 billion. Military analysts say a similar vessel could have been built for Sh1.8 billion.

• Chamanlal Kamani
  Chamanlal Kamani
  Chamanlal Vrajlal Kamani is a business magnate and the patriarch of the Kamani family of Kenya, with interests in hotels, flower farms, infrastructure, telecommunications, project financing, real estate, cotton, as well as Diani Reef Beach Resort in Mombasa and Radisson Whitesands Resort in Goa,...
  
   had been involved in a supply contract, as Kamsons Motors. Kampsons tendered for the supply of Mahindra Jeeps to the Police Department in the mid 1990s for close to Sh1 million (US$13,000) each, at a time when showrooms would have charged customers a sixth of the price. Moreover, the vehicles were being bought for a government department and were therefore imported duty free. Few of the more than 1,000 units that were imported over several years are in service today.

• The Kamanis were also involved in a deal to build a CID
  Criminal Investigation Department
  The Crime Investigation Department is the branch of all Territorial police forces within the British Police and many other Commonwealth police forces, to which plain clothes detectives belong. It is thus distinct from the Uniformed Branch and the Special Branch.The Metropolitan Police Service CID,...
  
   forensic laboratory. On June 7, 2004 an amount of $4.7 million was wired back. The payment was a refund against the money paid for the Criminal Investigations Department forensic laboratory. . Another euro 5.2 million was paid back in respect of the E-cop project, which involved computerisation of the police force and the installation of spy cameras in Nairobi by Infotalent Systems Private Limited.

• The Prisons department lost $3 million after contracting Hallmark International, a company associated with Deepak Kamani
  Deepak Kamani
  Deepak Kamani is the son of Chamanlal Kamani and brother of Rashmi Chamanlal Kamani and Sudha Ruparell. Deepak Kamani is involved in the Kamani family businesses of Kenya, including the flagship company Kamsons....
  
   of Kamsons Motors, for the supply of 30 boilers. Only half of the boilers were delivered – from India and not the United States as had been agreed.

• The construction of Nexus, a secret military communication centre in Karen, Nairobi . The Government spent Sh2.6 billion (US$36.9 million) to construct the complex. Three years later, military personnel have not moved into the centre. A phantom company, Nedermar BV Technologies, which is said to have its headquarters in Holland, implemented the secret project situated along Karen South Road. Nedermar is linked to businessman Anura Pereira
  Anura Pereira
  Anura Pereira is a Sri Lankan with Cypriot origins, frequently mentioned in association with Corruption in Kenya-History:He came to Kenya in the 1980s and was a defence contractor during the KANU regime.-Controversy:...
  
  . However, Pereira has denied this. The tendering process for the Nexus project was circumvented as DoD's Departmental Tender Committee. Funding for the project was made through the Ministry of Transport and Communications. The complex is currently headed by Colonel Philip Kameru. Nexus was first meant to be an ammunition dumpsite before it was turned into a military communication and operations centre. Construction continued without any site visits by either the DoD staff or Ministry of Public Works officials. The Nexus project was implemented during the tenure of General Joseph Kibwana.

• In 2005 plans to buy a sophisticated £20 million passport equipment system from France . Here government wanted to replace its passport printing system. The transaction was originally quoted at 6 million euros from François Charles Oberthur of Paris - the world's leading supplier of Visa and MasterCards, but was awarded to a British
  United Kingdom
  The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
  
   firm, the Anglo-Leasing and Finance Company Limited, at 30 million euros, who would have sub-contracted the same French firm to do the work. Despite the lack of competitive tendering Anglo Leasing was paid a "commitment fee" of more than £600,000. Anglo Leasing's agent is a Liverpool-based firm, Saagar Associates, owned by a woman whose family has enjoyed close links with senior officials in the Moi regime. Company records show Saagar Associates is owned by Mrs Sudha Ruparell
  Sudha Ruparell
  Sudha Ruparell is a Kenyan currently living in Dubai, UAE. She is the daughter of Chamanlal Kamani and was married to the late Ashwin Ruparell....
  
  , a 47-year-old Kenyan woman. Ruparell is the daughter of Chamanlal Kamani
  Chamanlal Kamani
  Chamanlal Vrajlal Kamani is a business magnate and the patriarch of the Kamani family of Kenya, with interests in hotels, flower farms, infrastructure, telecommunications, project financing, real estate, cotton, as well as Diani Reef Beach Resort in Mombasa and Radisson Whitesands Resort in Goa,...
  
  , the multimillionaire patriarch of a business family that enjoyed close links with senior officials in the Moi regime. Anglo Leasing made a repayment of euro 956,700 through a telegraphic transfer from Schroeder & Co Bank AG, Switzerland on May 17, 2004.

• The local chapter of Transparency International
  Transparency International
  Transparency International is a non-governmental organization that monitors and publicizes corporate and political corruption in international development. It publishes an annual Corruption Perceptions Index, a comparative listing of corruption worldwide...
  
   and the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR), a government body released a report in February, 2006, stating that between January 2003 and September 2004, the National Rainbow Coalition
  National Rainbow Coalition
  The National Rainbow Coalition was a coalition of Kenyan political parties in power from 2002 and 2005 when it fell apart in a controversy between its wings about a constitutional referendum.-Formation:...
  
   government spent about $12-million on cars that were mostly for the personal use of senior government officials. The vehicles included 57 Mercedes-Benz
  Mercedes-Benz
  Mercedes-Benz is a German manufacturer of automobiles, buses, coaches, and trucks. Mercedes-Benz is a division of its parent company, Daimler AG...
  
  , as well as Land Cruisers, Mitsubishi Pajero
  Mitsubishi Pajero
  The Mitsubishi Pajero is a sport utility vehicle manufactured by Mitsubishi Motors. It was named after Leopardus pajeros, the Pampas Cat which is native to the Patagonia plateau region of southern Argentina. However, since pajero is an offensive term for "wanker" in Spanish, alternative names have...
  
  s, Range Rover
  Range Rover
  The Range Rover is a large luxury four-wheel drive sport utility vehicle produced by British car maker Land Rover. The model, launched in 1970, is now in its third generation...
  
  s, Nissan Terranos and Nissan Patrol
  Nissan Patrol
  The Nissan Patrol is a four-wheel drive vehicle manufactured by Nissan in Japan since 1951. In Japan since 1980, it has been known as the Nissan Safari. The Patrol is available in Australasia, Central and South America, South Africa, parts of Southeast Asia and Western Europe as well as Iran and...
  
  s. The $12-million substantially exceeded what the government spent over the 2003/04 financial year on controlling malaria -- "the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Kenya", says the report.

• In late February 2006, the leading newspaper The Standard
  The Standard (Kenya)
  The Standard is one of the leading newspapers in Kenya with a 20% market share. It is the oldest newspaper in the country owned by The Standard Group, which also runs the Kenya Television Network . The Standard Group is headquartered at the I&M Bank Tower in Nairobi.- History :The newspaper was...
  
  ran a story claiming that president Mwai Kibaki
  Mwai Kibaki
  Mwai Kibaki is the current and third President of the republic of Kenya.Kibaki was previously Vice President of Kenya for ten years from 1978–1988 and also held cabinet ministerial positions, including a widely acclaimed stint as Minister for Finance , Minister for Home Affairs and Minister for...
  
   and senior opposition figure Kalonzo Musyoka
  Kalonzo Musyoka
  Stephen Kalonzo Musyoka is a Kenyan politician, currently serving as Vice President of Kenya. Musyoka served in the government under President Daniel arap Moi and was Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1993 until 1998; subsequently, under President Mwai Kibaki, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs...
  
   had been holding secret meetings. On March 2 at 1:00am local time (2200 UTC
  Coordinated Universal Time
  Coordinated Universal Time is the primary time standard by which the world regulates clocks and time. It is one of several closely related successors to Greenwich Mean Time. Computer servers, online services and other entities that rely on having a universally accepted time use UTC for that purpose...
  
   on the 1st), masked gunmen carrying AK-47
  AK-47
  The AK-47 is a selective-fire, gas-operated 7.62×39mm assault rifle, first developed in the Soviet Union by Mikhail Kalashnikov. It is officially known as Avtomat Kalashnikova . It is also known as a Kalashnikov, an "AK", or in Russian slang, Kalash.Design work on the AK-47 began in the last year...
  
  s raided multiple editorial offices of The Standard, and of its television station KTN
  Kenya Television Network
  Kenya Television Network is the leading television station in Kenya with its headquarters at the I & M Towers in downtown Nairobi. Its headquarters will change later on in the year as it moves in with its parent company's other subsidiaries at the newly-built Standard Group Centre on Mombasa road...
  
  . They kicked and beat staff members, forcibly took computers and transmission equipment, burned all the copies of the March 2nd edition of the newspaper, and damaged the press
  Printing press
  A printing press is a device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium , thereby transferring the ink...
  
  es. At KTN, they shut down the power, putting the station off the air. Initially, the Kenyan information minister claimed no knowledge of the raid, but it has since revealed that Kenyan police were responsible. The Ministry of the Internal Security later stated that the incident was to safeguard state security. "If you rattle a snake you must be prepared to be bitten by it," John Michuki
  John Michuki
  John Njoroge Michuki was born 1932 at Muguru village, Iyego Location, Kangema Division in Murang’a County. Educated in Kenya and abroad, Michuki has emerged as one of the prominent and long-serving civil servants and politicians as well as a businessman in Kenya...
  
   said. Three journalists at The Standard, arrested after the critical story was printed, are still being held without charge. The story now also features the bizarre case of two Armenian businessmen, mocked in the press for their taste for heavy gold chains, watches and rings, referred to as Mercenaries, who the opposition says led the raid and had shady dealings with Kibaki's government.

• In November 2006, the government was accused of failing to act on a banking fraud scam worth $1.5bn involving money laundering
  Money laundering
  Money laundering is the process of disguising illegal sources of money so that it looks like it came from legal sources. The methods by which money may be laundered are varied and can range in sophistication. Many regulatory and governmental authorities quote estimates each year for the amount...
  
   and tax evasion
  Tax evasion
  Tax evasion is the general term for efforts by individuals, corporations, trusts and other entities to evade taxes by illegal means. Tax evasion usually entails taxpayers deliberately misrepresenting or concealing the true state of their affairs to the tax authorities to reduce their tax liability,...
  
  , reported by whistle-blowers as early as 2004. Investigators believe sums worth 10% of Kenya's national income are involved. A recent auditor's report says the scale of the operations "threatens the stability of the Kenyan economy".

• In November 2006, British Foreign Office minister Kim Howells
  Kim Howells
  Kim Scott Howells is a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament for Pontypridd from 1989 to 2010, and held a number of ministerial positions within the Government.-Biography:...
  
   warned, that corruption in Kenya is increasing the UK's exposure to drug trafficking and terrorism
  Terrorism
  Terrorism is the systematic use of terror, especially as a means of coercion. In the international community, however, terrorism has no universally agreed, legally binding, criminal law definition...
  
  . "People can be bought, right from the person who works at the docks in Mombasa up to the government. (...) This weakness has been recognised by drug-traffickers and probably by terrorists too." Said Howells for the BBC
  BBC
  The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. Its headquarters is at Broadcasting House in the City of Westminster, London. It is the largest broadcaster in the world, with about 23,000 staff...
  
  .

• On 31 August 2007, The Guardian
  The Guardian
  The Guardian, formerly known as The Manchester Guardian , is a British national daily newspaper in the Berliner format...
  
   newspaper featured on its front page a story about more than GBP
  Pound sterling
  The pound sterling , commonly called the pound, is the official currency of the United Kingdom, its Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, British Antarctic Territory and Tristan da Cunha. It is subdivided into 100 pence...
  
   1 billion transferred out of Kenya by the family and associates of former Kenyan leader Daniel arap Moi. The Guardian sourced the information from the Wikileaks
  Wikileaks
  WikiLeaks is an international self-described not-for-profit organisation that publishes submissions of private, secret, and classified media from anonymous news sources, news leaks, and whistleblowers. Its website, launched in 2006 under The Sunshine Press organisation, claimed a database of more...
  
   article The looting of Kenya under President Moi and its analysis of a leaked investigative document ("the Kroll
  Kroll Inc.
  Kroll is a risk consultancy firm based in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. and established in 1972.- History:Kroll was founded in 1972 by Jules B. Kroll as a consultant to corporate purchasing departments...
  
   report") prepared for the Kibaki
  Mwai Kibaki
  Mwai Kibaki is the current and third President of the republic of Kenya.Kibaki was previously Vice President of Kenya for ten years from 1978–1988 and also held cabinet ministerial positions, including a widely acclaimed stint as Minister for Finance , Minister for Home Affairs and Minister for...
  
   government in 2004 in order to try to recover money stolen during Moi's rule.

• On 2007-09-06 parliament passed the Statute Law (Miscellaneous Amendments) Bill, restricting investigations by the Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission to offenses committed prior to May 2003, excluding the Goldenberg and Anglo-Leasing scandals and other major cases. The move was condemned by anti-corruption campaigners; Mwalimu Mati, former chief executive of the Transparency International
  Transparency International
  Transparency International is a non-governmental organization that monitors and publicizes corporate and political corruption in international development. It publishes an annual Corruption Perceptions Index, a comparative listing of corruption worldwide...
  
   Kenya Chapter, declared that "grand corruption has swallowed the government and parliament that Kenyans elected to fight it in 2002". . In response to public outrage generated by the move, President Kibaki announced that he would veto the bill.

• In September 2007, Wikileaks
  Wikileaks
  WikiLeaks is an international self-described not-for-profit organisation that publishes submissions of private, secret, and classified media from anonymous news sources, news leaks, and whistleblowers. Its website, launched in 2006 under The Sunshine Press organisation, claimed a database of more...
  
   released documents exposing a 500 million Kenyan shilling payroll fraud at Egerton University] and subsequent cover up, now the subject of ongoing legal dispute in the High Court.

• On the 28th of September 2007, Wikileaks
  Wikileaks
  WikiLeaks is an international self-described not-for-profit organisation that publishes submissions of private, secret, and classified media from anonymous news sources, news leaks, and whistleblowers. Its website, launched in 2006 under The Sunshine Press organisation, claimed a database of more...
  
   released 28 investigative documents] exposing a US$1.5 billion dollar money laundering fraud by Charter House Bank Ltd. Re-reported in the Kenyan Standard newspaper.

• In June 2008, the Grand Regency Scandal
  Grand Regency Scandal
  Erupting in June 2008, the Grand Regency Scandal concerns the sale of the Grand Regency Hotel in Downtown Nairobi, Kenya, from the Central Bank of Kenya to an unspecified group of Libyan investors called "Libya Arab African Investment Company"...
  
   broke, wherein the Central Bank of Kenya is alleged to have secretly sold a luxury hotel in Nairobi to an unidentified group of Libyan investors for more than 4 billion Kenyan Shillings (approx US $60 million) below the appraised market value. Finance Minister Amos Kimunya
  Amos Kimunya
  Amos Muhinga Kimunya is a Kenyan politician and a Member of Parliament for Kipipiri Constituency, currently serving as Minister of Trade. He was Minister of Finance from 2006 to July 2008, when he resigned due to the Grand Regency Hotel scandal...
  
   negotiated the sale, and was censured in a near-unanimous motion by the Kenyan Parliament, though he vehemently denies the charges. This follows on the heels of the Safaricom IPO, overseen by Kimunya, which has been alternatively praised and questioned for possible corruption in the execution of the sale. Safaricom
  Safaricom
  Safaricom, Ltd is a leading mobile network operator in Kenya. It was formed in 1997 as a fully owned subsidiary of Telkom Kenya. In May 2000, Vodafone group Plc of the United Kingdom, the world's largest telecommunication company, acquired a 40% stake and management responsibility for the...
  
   is the largest mobile phone service provider in Kenya, having operated with a near-government monopoly for many years. The government of Kenya sold its 50% stake in Safaricom in the IPO.

Security contracts

Listed in Githongo's dossier are a number of companies that won security-related contracts :-

Payee	Purpose	Amount (millions)	Signatories	Date signed
Anglo Leasing	Forensic LAB - CID	USD United States dollar The United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies....  54.56	PS-Treasury PS-Internal Security OP	16 August 2001
Silverson Establishment	Security Vehicles	USD 90	PS-Treasury PS-Internal Security OP	16 August 2001
Apex Finance	Police Security	USD 30	PS-Treasury PS-Internal Security OP	9 February 2002
LBA Systems	Security-MET	USD 35	PS-Treasury	7 June 2002
Apex Finance	Police Security	USD 31.8	PS-Treasury PS-Internal Security OP	14 June 2002
Universal Satspace	Satellite Services	USD 28.11	PS-Treasury PS-Transport	11 July 2002
First Mechantile	Police Security	USD 11.8	PS-Treasury PS-Transport	11 July 2002
Apex Finance Corp	Police Security	USD 12.8	PS-Treasury PS-Internal Security OP	12 July 2002
LBA Systems	Prison security	USD 29.7	PS-Treasury	19 November 2002
Nedemar	Security	USD 36.9	PS-Treasury PS-Transport	19 November 2002
Midland Bank	Police security	USD 49.65	PS-Treasury	29 May 2003
Naviga Capital	Oceanographic vessel	EUR 26.6	PS-Treasury	15 July 2003
Empressa	Oceanographic vessel	EUR 15	PS-Treasury	15 July 2003
Euromarine	Oceanographic vessel	EUR 10.4	PS-Treasury	15 July 2003
Infotalent	Police security	EUR 59.7	PS-Treasury PS-Internal Security OP	19 November 2003
Apex Finance Corp	Police security	EUR 40	PS-Treasury PS-Internal Security OP	17 December 2003
Ciaria Systems Inc	Design, maintain satellite NSIS	USD 44.56	PS Treasury Director NSIS	20 January 2004

See also

• 2009 Triton Oil Scandal
  2009 Triton Oil Scandal
  The 2009 Triton Oil scandal involved the unauthorized releasing of oil by Kenya Pipeline Company without informing financiers. The scandal became public in January, 2009....
  
  
• 2009 Kenyan Maize Scandal
  2009 Kenyan Maize Scandal
  This is an on-going scandal in Kenya that became public in January 2009, over the sale of imported maize. In late 2008, the ban on importation of maize was lifted by the government to allow capable businessmen to import maize to supplement the local produce that was short of the minimum require to...
  
  
• Larry Timmons
  Larry Timmons
  Brother Placidus, O.S.F., , born Larry Timmons, was an Irish Catholic Franciscan lay brother and missionary who was shot dead in the Diocese of Nakuru, Rift Valley Province, Kenya in January 1997....
  
  
• Kenya Police
  Kenya Police
  The Kenya Police is a national body in charge of law enforcement in the East Africa State of Kenya. While organised at a national level, each arm reports to a Provincial police authority, which in turn divides its force by local Police Divisions, headquartered at local police stations...
  
  
• Aaron Ringera
  Aaron Ringera
  Aaron Gitonga Ringera is a Kenyan lawyer who served as a judge and as the former director of the Kenya Anti Corruption Commission .- Career :...
  
  

External links

• Kenya's Kibaki pledges action over graft "in days" - Reuters South Africa
• AfricaFiles News summaries from Kenya
• John Githongo report BBC
  BBC
  The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. Its headquarters is at Broadcasting House in the City of Westminster, London. It is the largest broadcaster in the world, with about 23,000 staff...
  
  : Full report on Kenya corruption, from the Ethics secretary (3.3Meg PDF, 22 pages)
• wikinews:Kenyan TV and newspaper raided by masked police - Wikinews
• CCTV still images from raid
• Journalists from 'The Standard' charged - IFEX
  International Freedom of Expression Exchange
  The International Freedom of Expression eXchange , founded in 1992, is a global network of around 90 non-governmental organisations that promotes and defends the right to freedom of expression....
  
  
• Business Anti-Corruption Portal Kenya Country Profile
• Kenyan politics as a process of laundering thieves and murderers" by Mutuma Mathiu, Dec 9, 2007
• TrustLaw's Anti-Corruption Profile: Kenya