Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)
Encyclopedia
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist), was an underground political party
in Nepal
. It was founded 1978 by the All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist)
. The founding congress was held December 26, 1978-January 1, 1979. The first general secretary of CPN(ML) was C.P. Mainali.
CPN(ML) was inspired by the India
n Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)
(CPI(ML)). It was linked to the Vinod Mishra faction of CPI(ML)
, a group that was strong in Bihar
(bordering Nepal). CPN(ML) conducted armed activities against the regime. CPN(ML) rapidly emerged as the main communist faction in the country.
CPN(ML) published Varg-Sangarsh (Class Struggle) and Mukti Morcha (Liberation Front).
In 1982 a major shift took place. The party abandoned the strategy of armed struggle and opted for mass democratic struggles instead. Mainali was deposed as general secretary, and Jhala Nath Khanal
took over the helm.
In 1986 the process of reform of CPN(ML) accelerated further, with moderate Madan Bhandari elected general secretary.
In 1990 the party took part in the United Left Front
and this led to CPN(ML) merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)
in 1991.
Political party
A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to influence government policy, usually by nominating their own candidates and trying to seat them in political office. Parties participate in electoral campaigns, educational outreach or protest actions...
in Nepal
Nepal
Nepal , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India...
. It was founded 1978 by the All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist)
All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist)
All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee was a revolutionary communist movement formed in Nepal in 1975. ANCRCC had its roots in Jhapa District Committee of the Communist Party of Nepal as well as the Morang-based Nepal Revolutionary Organisation...
. The founding congress was held December 26, 1978-January 1, 1979. The first general secretary of CPN(ML) was C.P. Mainali.
CPN(ML) was inspired by the India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
n Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)
Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)
The Communist Party of India was formed by the All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries at a congress in Calcutta in 1969. The foundation of the party was declared by Kanu Sanyal at a mass-meeting in Calcutta on the 22nd of April .-History:CPI advocated armed revolution and...
(CPI(ML)). It was linked to the Vinod Mishra faction of CPI(ML)
Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation
Communist Party of India Liberation is a communist political party in India.Communist Party of India was formed in 1969 by the All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries, who had split from Communist Party of India in 1967...
, a group that was strong in Bihar
Bihar
Bihar is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India....
(bordering Nepal). CPN(ML) conducted armed activities against the regime. CPN(ML) rapidly emerged as the main communist faction in the country.
CPN(ML) published Varg-Sangarsh (Class Struggle) and Mukti Morcha (Liberation Front).
In 1982 a major shift took place. The party abandoned the strategy of armed struggle and opted for mass democratic struggles instead. Mainali was deposed as general secretary, and Jhala Nath Khanal
Jhala Nath Khanal
Jhala Nath Khanal was the 34th Prime Minister of Nepal having taken office in February 2011. He holds the positions of Chairman of the Communist Party of Nepal and Leader of the Constituent Assembly Parliamentary Party of the CPN .-Life and early career:Born in Sakhejung in the Ilam District,...
took over the helm.
In 1986 the process of reform of CPN(ML) accelerated further, with moderate Madan Bhandari elected general secretary.
In 1990 the party took part in the United Left Front
United Left Front (Nepal) (1990)
United Left Front, an alliance of communist parties who opposed the authocratic regime in Nepal. ULF was formed in 1990. It conducted joint movement together with the Nepali Congress...
and this led to CPN(ML) merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)
The Communist Party of Nepal , also known as CPN-UML, CPN, is one of the largest communist parties in Nepal. It was created on January 6, 1991 through the unification of the Communist Party of Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal...
in 1991.
Mergers
During the course of its existence, the CPN(ML) grew through engulfing smaller communist factions by a series of mergers:- July 1979: The GandakiGandakiGandaki may refer to:*Gandaki River, Nepal*Gandaki Zone, Nepal...
-based Marxist-Leninist Revolutionary Communist Party - January 1980: 'Revolutionary Communists', grouping in the Arghakhanchi DistrictArghakhanchi DistrictArghakhanchi is one of the districts of Lumbini Zone in Nepal's Western Development Region. The district headquarters are Sandhikharka.-Etymology:...
- 1980: Marxist-Leninist Study Group
- April 1980: Revolutionary Communist Organisation, NepalRevolutionary Communist Organisation, NepalRevolutionary Communist Organisation, Nepal was a communist faction in Nepal. The group operated in the Bagmati, Janakpur and Koshi zones. The group publish Vargyuddha ....
- November 1981: Communist Party of Nepal, Rebel Unity Centre
- December 1981: 'Revolutionaries', a Parbat DistrictParbat DistrictParbat District of 157,826.It is mainly famous for the Gupteshowr Cave, which is visited by thousands of pilgrims during Shivaratri. It is also noted for the Dahere Deurali Temple, which is visited by thousands of pilgrims during Balachaturdanshai....
-based splinter group of the Nepal Workers and Peasants OrganisationNepal Workers Peasants PartyNepal Workers Peasants Party is a communist political party in Nepal. The party president is Narayan Man Bijukchhe alias 'Comrade Rohit'. NWPP has a strong base in the Bhaktapur area, but limited presence otherwise... - Barre Sangarsh SamuhaBarre Sangarsh SamuhaBarre Sangarsh Samuha was a communist faction in Barre, Nepal. The group emerged in the early 1980s, after breaking off from the Communist Party of Nepal . It subsequently merged into the Communist Party of Nepal .-Source:...
- April 1986: Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation (D.P. Singh)Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation (D.P. Singh)Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation was a communist group in Nepal, led by D.P. Singh. It was formed when the Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation of Hareram Sharma was divided into two ....