Coliadinae
Encyclopedia
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Species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
.
There are 36 species in North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
, where they range from Mexico
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
to northern Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
. Males of most species are different from females, including, (for example, in the genera Colias
Colias
Colias is a genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae. They are usually called clouded yellows; the North American name "sulphurs" is elsewhere used for Coliadinae in general. The closest living relative is the genus Zerene, which is sometimes included in Colias.This genus occurs throughout the...
and Gonepteryx
Gonepteryx
Gonepteryx is a genus of butterfly in the Pieridae family. They live in Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa. They are commonly known as brimstones for the bright yellow color of the wings of most species.-Species:It contains the following species:...
) brilliant UV reflections which the females lack.
Systematics
The Coliadinae can be arranged in the 3 traditional tribeTribe (biology)
In biology, a tribe is a taxonomic rank between family and genus. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes.Some examples include the tribes: Canini, Acalypheae, Hominini, Bombini, and Antidesmeae.-See also:* Biological classification* Rank...
s and a basal lineage, with one genus of unclear placement. The taxa—including some selected species—are arranged here in the presumed phylogenetic sequence, from the most ancient lineages to the most modern ones:
Basal lineage
- KricogoniaKricogoniaKricogonia is a genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae. They are native to the Americas.-Species:* Kricogonia cabrerai Ramsden, 1920* Kricogonia lyside – Lyside Sulphur...
Reakirt, 1863 - NathalisNathalisNathalis is a genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae.-Species:*Nathalis iole Boisduval, 1836*Nathalis plauta Doubleday, 1847...
Boisduval, [1836]
Euremini
- Terias Swainson, 1821
- Pyrisitia Butler, 1870
- Abaeis Hübner, [1819]
- EuremaEuremaEurema is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae.Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American Barred Yellow ....
Hübner, [1819] – grass yellows - LeucidiaLeucidiaLeucidia is a genus of butterflies in the famlly Pieridae. They are native to the South America.-Species:* Leucidia brephos * Leucidia elvina...
Doubleday, [1847] - Teriocolias Roeber 1909
Goniopterygini
- DercasDercasDercas is a genus of butterfly in the Pieridae family found in southeast Asia.-Species:Listed alphabetically.*Dercas enara Swinhoe, 1899*Dercas gobrias Hewitson, 1864*Dercas lycorias – Plain Sulphur...
Doubleday, [1847] – sulphurs - GonepteryxGonepteryxGonepteryx is a genus of butterfly in the Pieridae family. They live in Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa. They are commonly known as brimstones for the bright yellow color of the wings of most species.-Species:It contains the following species:...
Leach, [1815] – brimstones
Coliadini
- CatopsiliaCatopsiliaCatopsilia is a genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae, commonly called Emigrants.-Species:Ordered alphabetically.*Catopsilia florella – African Emigrant, African Migrant, or Common Vagrant...
Hübner, [1819] – emigrants - ColiasColiasColias is a genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae. They are usually called clouded yellows; the North American name "sulphurs" is elsewhere used for Coliadinae in general. The closest living relative is the genus Zerene, which is sometimes included in Colias.This genus occurs throughout the...
Fabricius, 1807 – clouded yellows - ZereneZereneZerene is a genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae commonly called dogfaces. The closest living relative is the genus Colias.-Species:* Zerene cesonia – Southern Dogface...
Hübner, [1819]- Zerene eurydice – California Dogface ButterflyCalifornia dogface butterflyZerene eurydice, the California dogface butterfly, is sometimes placed in the related genus as Colias eurydice. It is endemic to California, and its state insect insignia.-First state insect:...
- Zerene eurydice – California Dogface Butterfly
- AnteosAnteosAnteos is a genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae, commonly called angled-sulphurs.-Species:*Anteos clorinde – White Angled Sulphur or White Angled-sulphur...
Hübner, [1819] – angled-sulphurs - AphrissaAphrissaAphrissa is a genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae found in Central America and South America.-Species:*Aphrissa boisduvalii Aphrissa is a genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae found in Central America and South America.-Species:*Aphrissa boisduvalii Aphrissa is a genus of butterflies...
Butler, 1873 - PhoebisPhoebisPhoebis is a genus of butterflies, belonging to the Coliadinae subfamily of the "Whites" or Pieridae. They are native to the Americas.-Selected species:...
Hübner, [1819]- Phoebis sennae – Cloudless Sulphur
- Phoebis avellaneda – Red-splashed Sulphur
- PrestoniaPrestonia (butterfly)Prestonia is a genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae....
Schaus, 1920- Prestonia clarki Schaus, 1920
- RhabdodryasRhabdodryasRhabdodryas is a genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae....
Godman & Salvin, [1889]- Rhabdodryas trite (Linnaeus, 1758)
Incertae sedis
Incertae sedis
, is a term used to define a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Uncertainty at specific taxonomic levels is attributed by , , and similar terms.-Examples:*The fossil plant Paradinandra suecica could not be assigned to any...
- GandacaGandacaGandaca is a genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae.-Species:*Gandaca butyrosa *Gandaca harina...
Moore, [1906]- Gandaca harinaGandaca harinaTree Yellow is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in India, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, and Indonesia.-References:* Evans, W.H. The Identification of Indian Butterflies...
(Horsfield, [1829]) – Tree Yellow
- Gandaca harina