Cobitis
Encyclopedia
Cobitis is a Palearctic
genus
of ray-finned fish in the family
Cobitidae. It contains the typical spiny loach
es, including the well-known Spined Loach
(C. taenia) of temperate
western Eurasia
. Containing almost 60 named species as of mid-2008, at least two undescribed ones are also known. Similar spiny loaches, occurring generally south of the range of Cobitis, are noadays separated in Sabanejewia
.
populations were of doubtful status. They appear only weakly distinct from the Spined Loach, but cladistic analysis of DNA sequence
data (nDNA RAG-1 and S7 ribosomal protein
intron
1, and mtDNA cytochrome b
) confirms that they are old lineages, properly treated as full species. The parapatric C. arachtoensis
and C. hellenica
are hardly different genetically and might be considered a single species.
Palearctic
The Palearctic or Palaearctic is one of the eight ecozones dividing the Earth's surface.Physically, the Palearctic is the largest ecozone...
genus
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of ray-finned fish in the family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
Cobitidae. It contains the typical spiny loach
Loach
Loach may refer to:* Loaches, fish families in the Cypriniformes:** Cobitidae, the "true" loaches – formerly all loaches were united in this family** Balitoridae, the hillstream loaches – the largest family, closely related to Cobitidae...
es, including the well-known Spined Loach
Spined Loach
The Spined Loach is a common freshwater fish in Europe and Asia. It is sometimes known as spotted weather loach, not to be confused with the "typical" weather loaches of the genus Misgurnus...
(C. taenia) of temperate
Temperate
In geography, temperate or tepid latitudes of the globe lie between the tropics and the polar circles. The changes in these regions between summer and winter are generally relatively moderate, rather than extreme hot or cold...
western Eurasia
Eurasia
Eurasia is a continent or supercontinent comprising the traditional continents of Europe and Asia ; covering about 52,990,000 km2 or about 10.6% of the Earth's surface located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres...
. Containing almost 60 named species as of mid-2008, at least two undescribed ones are also known. Similar spiny loaches, occurring generally south of the range of Cobitis, are noadays separated in Sabanejewia
Sabanejewia
Sabanejewia is a genus of 8 species of ray-finned fish in the Cobitidae family. It contains spiny loaches which, for the most part, used to be included in Cobitis.- Species :* Sabanejewia aurata...
.
Species
Several BalkansBalkans
The Balkans is a geopolitical and cultural region of southeastern Europe...
populations were of doubtful status. They appear only weakly distinct from the Spined Loach, but cladistic analysis of DNA sequence
DNA sequence
The sequence or primary structure of a nucleic acid is the composition of atoms that make up the nucleic acid and the chemical bonds that bond those atoms. Because nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are unbranched polymers, this specification is equivalent to specifying the sequence of...
data (nDNA RAG-1 and S7 ribosomal protein
Ribosomal protein
A ribosomal protein is any of the proteins that, in conjunction with rRNA, make up the ribosomal subunits involved in the cellular process of translation. A large part of the knowledge about these organic molecules has come from the study of E. coli ribosomes. Most ribosomic proteins have been...
intron
Intron
An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing to generate the final mature RNA product of a gene. The term intron refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene, and the corresponding sequence in RNA transcripts. Sequences that are joined together in the final...
1, and mtDNA cytochrome b
Cytochrome b
Cytochrome b/b6 is the main subunit of transmembrane cytochrome bc1 and b6f complexes. In addition, it commonly refers to a region of mtDNA used for population genetics and phylogenetics.- Function :...
) confirms that they are old lineages, properly treated as full species. The parapatric C. arachtoensis
Cobitis arachthosensis
Cobitis arachthosensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the true loach family . It is endemic to Greece..It belongs to the subgenus Bicanestrinia, together with C. hellenica, C. meridionalis and C. trichonica...
and C. hellenica
Cobitis hellenica
Cobitis hellenica is a species of ray-finned fish in the true loach family . It is endemic to Greece..It belongs to the subgenus Bicanestrinia, together with C. arachthosensis, C. meridionalis and C. trichonica...
are hardly different genetically and might be considered a single species.
- Cobitis albicoloris Chichkoff, 1932
- Cobitis arachthosensisCobitis arachthosensisCobitis arachthosensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the true loach family . It is endemic to Greece..It belongs to the subgenus Bicanestrinia, together with C. hellenica, C. meridionalis and C. trichonica...
Economidis & Nalbant, 1996 - Cobitis bilineataCobitis bilineataCobitis bilineata is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cobitidae family. It is found in Croatia, Italy, Slovenia, and Switzerland.Its natural habitats are intermittent rivers and freshwater marshes. It is not considered threatened by the IUCN....
CanestriniGiovanni CanestriniGiovanni Canestrini was an Italian naturalist and biologist who was a native of Revò.He initially studied in Gorizia and Meran, then furthered his education in natural sciences at the University of Vienna...
, 1865 - Cobitis bilseliCobitis bilseliCobitis bilseli is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cobitidae family.It is found only in Turkey.Its natural habitats are rivers and freshwater lakes.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:* Crivelli, A.J. 2005. . Downloaded on 19 July 2007....
Battalgil, 1942 - Cobitis biwae D. S. JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
& SnyderJohn Otterbein SnyderJohn Otterbein Snyder was an American zoologist.As a student he met David Starr Jordan who inspired him to enter zoology. He eventually became a zoology instructor at Stanford University and served there from 1899 until 1943. He went on several major collecting expeditions aboard the USS Albatross...
, 1901 - Cobitis calderoniCobitis calderoniCobitis calderoni is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cobitidae family.It is found in Portugal and Spain.Its natural habitat is rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:* Crivelli, A.J. 2005. . Downloaded on 19 July 2007....
Băcescu, 1962 - Cobitis choii I. S. Kim & Y. M. Son, 1984 (Choi's Spiny Loach)
- Cobitis conspersa Cantoni, 1882
- Cobitis dalmatinaCobitis dalmatinaCobitis dalmatina is a species of ray-finned fish in the true loach family . It is endemic to Croatia. This fish was long believed to be part of the widespread Spined Loach ....
S. L. KaramanStanko KaramanStanko Karaman was a researcher on amphipods and isopods. Several species are named after him, for example Delamarella karamani Petkovski, 1957 , Stygophalangium karamani Oudemans, 1933 , or Macedonethes stankoi Karaman, 2003 .In 1926 he founded the Macedonian Museum of Natural...
, 1928 - Cobitis dolichorhynchus NicholsJohn Treadwell NicholsJohn Treadwell Nichols was an American ichthyologist.-Biography:Nichols was born as son of John White Treadwell Nichols in Jamaica Plain, Boston, Massachusetts. In 1906 he studied vertebrate zoology at Harvard College where he graduated to Bachelor of Arts...
, 1918 - Cobitis elazigensis Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu, 1988
- Cobitis elongataCobitis elongataThe Balkan Loach is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cobitidae family.It is found in Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, and Turkey....
HeckelJohann Jakob HeckelJohann Jakob Heckel was an Austrian taxidermist, zoologist, and ichthyologist from Mannheim.Though not a formally trained zoologist he worked his way up through the ranks to eventually become the director of the Fish Collection at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna...
& Kner, 1858 (Balkan Loach) - Cobitis elongatoides Băcescu & R. Mayer, 1969
- Cobitis evreni Erk'akan, Özeren & Nalbant, 2008
- Cobitis fahirae Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998
- Cobitis granoei Rendahl, 1935
- Cobitis hangkugensis I. S. Kim, J. Y. Park, Y. M. Son & Nalbant, 2003
- Cobitis hellenicaCobitis hellenicaCobitis hellenica is a species of ray-finned fish in the true loach family . It is endemic to Greece..It belongs to the subgenus Bicanestrinia, together with C. arachthosensis, C. meridionalis and C. trichonica...
Economidis & Nalbant, 1996 - Cobitis illyrica Freyhof & Stelbrink, 2007
- Cobitis jadovaensis Mustafić & Mrakovčić, 2008
- Cobitis kellei Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998
- Cobitis kuruiCobitis kuruiCobitis kurui is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cobitidae family.It is found only in Turkey.Its natural habitat is rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:* Erk'akan, F. & Karatash, A. 2005. . Downloaded on 19 July 2007....
Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998 - Cobitis laoensis (SauvageHenri Émile Sauvage- Works :Articles in The Popular Science Monthly:* “Amphibious Fishes,” in Popular Science Monthly Volume 9, September 1876* “The Archer-Fishes,” in Popular Science Monthly Volume 12, January 1878* “The Matamata,” in Popular Science Monthly Volume 16, March 1880...
, 1878) - Cobitis lebedevi Vasil'eva & Victor P. Vasil'ev, 1985
- Cobitis levantinaCobitis levantinaCobitis levantina is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cobitidae family.It is found in Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey.Its natural habitats are rivers, intermittent rivers, and irrigated land.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
Krupp & Moubayed, 1992 - Cobitis linea (HeckelJohann Jakob HeckelJohann Jakob Heckel was an Austrian taxidermist, zoologist, and ichthyologist from Mannheim.Though not a formally trained zoologist he worked his way up through the ranks to eventually become the director of the Fish Collection at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna...
, 1847) - Cobitis longitaeniatus S. V. Ngô, 2008
- Cobitis lutheri Rendahl, 1935 (Luther's Spiny Loach)
- Cobitis macrostigma Dabry de Thiersant, 1872
- Cobitis maroccanaCobitis maroccanaCobitis maroccana is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cobitidae family.It is found only in Morocco.Its natural habitats are rivers and intermittent rivers.-Source:* Crivelli, A.J. 2005. . Downloaded on 19 July 2007....
PellegrinJacques PellegrinJacques Pellegrin was a French zoologist.Pellegrin was born in Paris, and studied natural history. In 1894 he became assistant chairman of zoology at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, replacing Léon Vaillant .He got his doctorates in medicine and science...
, 1929 - Cobitis matsubarai Okada & Ikeda, 1939
- Cobitis megaspilaCobitis megaspilaCobitis megaspila is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cobitidae family.It is found in Moldova and Romania.- Source :* World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1996. . Downloaded on 19 July 2007....
Nalbant, 1993 - Cobitis melanoleuca NicholsJohn Treadwell NicholsJohn Treadwell Nichols was an American ichthyologist.-Biography:Nichols was born as son of John White Treadwell Nichols in Jamaica Plain, Boston, Massachusetts. In 1906 he studied vertebrate zoology at Harvard College where he graduated to Bachelor of Arts...
, 1925- Cobitis melanoleuca gladkovi Victor P. Vasil'ev & Vasil'eva, 2008
- Cobitis melanoleuca melanoleuca NicholsJohn Treadwell NicholsJohn Treadwell Nichols was an American ichthyologist.-Biography:Nichols was born as son of John White Treadwell Nichols in Jamaica Plain, Boston, Massachusetts. In 1906 he studied vertebrate zoology at Harvard College where he graduated to Bachelor of Arts...
, 1925
- Cobitis meridionalisCobitis meridionalisCobitis meridionalis is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cobitidae family. It is found in Albania, Greece, and the Republic of Macedonia.Its natural habitat is freshwater lakes. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
S. L. KaramanStanko KaramanStanko Karaman was a researcher on amphipods and isopods. Several species are named after him, for example Delamarella karamani Petkovski, 1957 , Stygophalangium karamani Oudemans, 1933 , or Macedonethes stankoi Karaman, 2003 .In 1926 he founded the Macedonian Museum of Natural...
, 1924 - Cobitis microcephala Y. X. Chen & Y. F. Chen, 2011
- Cobitis multimaculata Y. X. Chen & Y. F. Chen, 2011
- Cobitis narentanaCobitis narentanaCobitis narentana is a species of ray-finned fish in the true loach family . It is found in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia.. This fish was long believed to be part of the widespread Spined Loach Cobitis narentana is a species of ray-finned fish in the true loach family (Cobitidae). It is found...
S. L. KaramanStanko KaramanStanko Karaman was a researcher on amphipods and isopods. Several species are named after him, for example Delamarella karamani Petkovski, 1957 , Stygophalangium karamani Oudemans, 1933 , or Macedonethes stankoi Karaman, 2003 .In 1926 he founded the Macedonian Museum of Natural...
, 1928 - Cobitis nuicocensis V. H. Nguyen & Vo, 2005
- Cobitis ohridanaCobitis ohridanaCobitis ohridana is a species of ray-finned fish in the true loach family . It is only found in Albania, the Republic of Macedonia and Montenegro. This fish was long believed to be part of the widespread Spined Loach Cobitis ohridana is a species of ray-finned fish in the true loach family...
S. L. KaramanStanko KaramanStanko Karaman was a researcher on amphipods and isopods. Several species are named after him, for example Delamarella karamani Petkovski, 1957 , Stygophalangium karamani Oudemans, 1933 , or Macedonethes stankoi Karaman, 2003 .In 1926 he founded the Macedonian Museum of Natural...
, 1928 - Cobitis pacifica I. S. Kim, J. Y. Park & Nalbant, 1999
- Cobitis paludicaCobitis paludicaCobitis paludica is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cobitidae family.It is found in Portugal and Spain. Its natural habitats are rivers and intermittent rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
(de BuenDon Fernando de Buen y LozanoDon Fernando de Buen y Lozano was a Spanish ichthyologist and oceanographer. He lived in Mexico, Uruguay, and Chile. In Uruguay, he was the director of the Department of Science at the Oceanography and Fisheries Service as well as Professor of Hydrobiology and Protozoology in the Faculty of Arts...
, 1930) - Cobitis phongnhaensis S. V. Ngô, 2008
- Cobitis pontica Vasil'eva & Victor P. Vasil'ev, 2006
- Cobitis puncticulataCobitis puncticulataCobitis puncticulata is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cobitidae family.It is found only in Turkey.Its natural habitat is rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:* Crivelli, A.J. 2005. . Downloaded on 19 July 2007....
Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998 - Cobitis punctilineataCobitis punctilineataCobitis punctilineata is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cobitidae family.It is found only in Greece.Its natural habitats are rivers and intermittent rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
Economidis & Nalbant, 1996 - Cobitis rhodopensis Vassilev, 1998
- Cobitis rossomeridionalis Vasil'eva & Victor P. Vasil'ev, 1998
- Cobitis satunini Gladkov, 1935
- Cobitis shikokuensis Suzawa, 2006
- Cobitis simplicispina Hankó, 1925
- Cobitis sinensis SauvageHenri Émile Sauvage- Works :Articles in The Popular Science Monthly:* “Amphibious Fishes,” in Popular Science Monthly Volume 9, September 1876* “The Archer-Fishes,” in Popular Science Monthly Volume 12, January 1878* “The Matamata,” in Popular Science Monthly Volume 16, March 1880...
& Dabry de Thiersant, 1874 (Siberian Spiny Loach) - Cobitis splendens Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998
- Cobitis squataeniatus S. V. Ngô, 2008
- Cobitis stephanidisiCobitis stephanidisiCobitis stephanidisi is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cobitidae family.It is found only in Greece.Its natural habitat is freshwater springs.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:* Crivelli, A.J. 2005. . Downloaded on 19 July 2007....
Economidis, 1992 - Cobitis striata Ikeda, 1936
- Cobitis strumicaeCobitis strumicaeCobitis strumicae is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cobitidae family.It is found in Bulgaria and Greece.-Source:* World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1996. . Downloaded on 19 July 2007....
S. L. KaramanStanko KaramanStanko Karaman was a researcher on amphipods and isopods. Several species are named after him, for example Delamarella karamani Petkovski, 1957 , Stygophalangium karamani Oudemans, 1933 , or Macedonethes stankoi Karaman, 2003 .In 1926 he founded the Macedonian Museum of Natural...
, 1955 - Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758 (Spined Loach)
- Cobitis takatsuensis Mizuno, 1970
- Cobitis tanaitica Băcescu & R. Mayer, 1969
- Cobitis taurica Vasil'eva & Victor P. Vasil'ev, Janko, Ráb & Rábová, 2005
- Cobitis tetralineata I. S. Kim, J. Y. Park & Nalbant, 1999
- Cobitis trichonicaCobitis trichonicaCobitis trichonica is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cobitidae family.It is found only in Greece.It is threatened by water abstraction. This species is short-lived and lives in lakes and lowland water courses with little current.-Source:...
Stephanidis, 1974 - Cobitis turcicaCobitis turcicaCobitis turcica is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cobitidae family.It is found only in Turkey.Its natural habitats are rivers, freshwater lakes, and freshwater marshes.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
Hankó, 1925 - Cobitis vardarensisCobitis vardarensisCobitis vardarensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cobitidae family. It is found only in Greece.Its status is insufficiently known....
S. L. KaramanStanko KaramanStanko Karaman was a researcher on amphipods and isopods. Several species are named after him, for example Delamarella karamani Petkovski, 1957 , Stygophalangium karamani Oudemans, 1933 , or Macedonethes stankoi Karaman, 2003 .In 1926 he founded the Macedonian Museum of Natural...
, 1928 - Cobitis vettonicaCobitis vettonicaCobitis vettonica is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cobitidae family.It is found only in Spain.Its natural habitats are rivers and intermittent rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
Doadrio & Perdices, 1997 - Cobitis ylengensis S. V. Ngô, 2003
- Cobitis zanandreaiCobitis zanandreaiCobitis zanandreai is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cobitidae family. It is found only in Italy. It is threatened by habitat loss.- Source :* Crivelli, A.J. 2005. . Downloaded on 19 July 2007....
Cavicchioli, 1965