Claude Antoine Gabriel, duc de Choiseul-Stainville
Encyclopedia
Claude Antoine Gabriel, duc de Choiseul-Stainville (26 August 1760, Lunéville
– 1 December 1838) was a French
soldier and émigré
Royalist
.
, who was childless.
When the French Revolution
erupted, he was a colonel of Dragoons, and throughout the following period, he remained a Legitimist
. Choiseul-Stainville took part in the attempt of King Louis XVI
to escape from Paris
on 20 June 1791, was arrested with the king, and imprisoned (see Flight to Varennes
). Liberated in May 1792, he fled France in October, and fought in the émigré army
of Louis Joseph de Bourbon, prince de Condé
against the French Republic. Captured in 1795, he was confined at Dunkirk, escaped, set sail for India
, was wrecked on the French coast, and condemned to death by the decree of the French Directory
. Nevertheless, he was fortunate enough to escape once more.
Napoleon Bonaparte
allowed him to return to France in 1801, but he remained in private life until the fall of the First French Empire
in 1815. After the Bourbon Restoration
he was called to the new Chambre des Pairs
(House of Peers) by King Louis XVIII
. During the Revolution of 1830
, he was nominated a member of the provisional government. He afterwards received from Louis-Philippe
the post of aide-de-camp
to the king and governor of the Louvre Palace
. He died in Paris eight years later.
Lunéville
Lunéville is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in France.It is a sub-prefecture of the department and lies on the Meurthe River.-History:...
– 1 December 1838) was a French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
soldier and émigré
Émigré
Émigré is a French term that literally refers to a person who has "migrated out", but often carries a connotation of politico-social self-exile....
Royalist
House of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma...
.
Biography
He was brought up at Chanteloup, under the care of his relative, Etienne François, duc de ChoiseulÉtienne François, duc de Choiseul
Étienne-François, comte de Stainville, duc de Choiseul was a French military officer, diplomat and statesman. Between 1758 and 1761, and 1766 and 1770, he was Foreign Minister of France and had a strong influence on France's global strategy throughout the period...
, who was childless.
When the French Revolution
French Revolution
The French Revolution , sometimes distinguished as the 'Great French Revolution' , was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France and Europe. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years...
erupted, he was a colonel of Dragoons, and throughout the following period, he remained a Legitimist
Legitimists
Legitimists are royalists in France who adhere to the rights of dynastic succession of the descendants of the elder branch of the Bourbon dynasty, which was overthrown in the 1830 July Revolution. They reject the claim of the July Monarchy of 1830–1848, whose kings were members of the junior...
. Choiseul-Stainville took part in the attempt of King Louis XVI
Louis XVI of France
Louis XVI was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and Navarre until 1791, and then as King of the French from 1791 to 1792, before being executed in 1793....
to escape from Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
on 20 June 1791, was arrested with the king, and imprisoned (see Flight to Varennes
Flight to Varennes
The Flight to Varennes was a significant episode in the French Revolution during which King Louis XVI of France, his wife Marie Antoinette, and their immediate family attempted unsuccessfully to escape from Paris in order to initiate a counter-revolution...
). Liberated in May 1792, he fled France in October, and fought in the émigré army
Army of Condé
The Army of Condé was a French field army during the French Revolutionary Wars. One of several émigré field armies, it was the only one to survive the War of the First Coalition; others had been formed by the Comte d'Artois and Mirabeau-Tonneau...
of Louis Joseph de Bourbon, prince de Condé
Louis Joseph de Bourbon, prince de Condé
Louis Joseph de Bourbon was Prince of Condé from 1740 to his death. A member of the House of Bourbon, he held the prestigious rank of Prince du Sang.-Biography:...
against the French Republic. Captured in 1795, he was confined at Dunkirk, escaped, set sail for India
Colonial India
Colonial India refers to areas of the Indian Subcontinent under the control of European colonial powers, through trade and conquest. The first European power to arrive in India was the army of Alexander the Great in 327–326 BC. The satraps he established in the north west of the subcontinent...
, was wrecked on the French coast, and condemned to death by the decree of the French Directory
French Directory
The Directory was a body of five Directors that held executive power in France following the Convention and preceding the Consulate...
. Nevertheless, he was fortunate enough to escape once more.
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon I of France
Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader during the latter stages of the French Revolution.As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815...
allowed him to return to France in 1801, but he remained in private life until the fall of the First French Empire
First French Empire
The First French Empire , also known as the Greater French Empire or Napoleonic Empire, was the empire of Napoleon I of France...
in 1815. After the Bourbon Restoration
Bourbon Restoration
The Bourbon Restoration is the name given to the period following the successive events of the French Revolution , the end of the First Republic , and then the forcible end of the First French Empire under Napoleon – when a coalition of European powers restored by arms the monarchy to the...
he was called to the new Chambre des Pairs
Peerage of France
The Peerage of France was a distinction within the French nobility which appeared in the Middle Ages. It was abolished in 1789 during the French Revolution, but it reappeared in 1814 at the time of the Bourbon Restoration which followed the fall of the First French Empire...
(House of Peers) by King Louis XVIII
Louis XVIII of France
Louis XVIII , known as "the Unavoidable", was King of France and of Navarre from 1814 to 1824, omitting the Hundred Days in 1815...
. During the Revolution of 1830
July Revolution
The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution or in French, saw the overthrow of King Charles X of France, the French Bourbon monarch, and the ascent of his cousin Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orléans, who himself, after 18 precarious years on the throne, would in turn be overthrown...
, he was nominated a member of the provisional government. He afterwards received from Louis-Philippe
Louis-Philippe of France
Louis Philippe I was King of the French from 1830 to 1848 in what was known as the July Monarchy. His father was a duke who supported the French Revolution but was nevertheless guillotined. Louis Philippe fled France as a young man and spent 21 years in exile, including considerable time in the...
the post of aide-de-camp
Aide-de-camp
An aide-de-camp is a personal assistant, secretary, or adjutant to a person of high rank, usually a senior military officer or a head of state...
to the king and governor of the Louvre Palace
Palais du Louvre
The Louvre Palace , on the Right Bank of the Seine in Paris, is a former royal palace situated between the Tuileries Gardens and the church of Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois...
. He died in Paris eight years later.