Citrus subg. Papeda
Encyclopedia
Citrus subg. Papeda indicates the subgenus
Papeda of the genus
Citrus
, with citrus species native to Asia.
The papeda group includes some of the most tropical, and also some of the most frost-tolerant citrus plants. They are cultivated far less often than other citrus, though they will all hybridize with other citrus. Many papedas are known for slow growth, small size relative to other citrus species, and thorniness. Though all papeda fruits are edible, many are considered inedible due to extremely sour or bitter flavors, though a few papedas and papeda-hybrids (notably, Ichang lemon
, Yuzu
, Kaffir lime
, Kabosu
, and Sudachi
) do have some culinary use. Other papedas, like the Ichang Papeda have landscaping uses. The Ichang Papeda and Khasi
are also of some importance as rootstocks and in attempts at breeding new, disease-resistant or frost-hardy citrus.
and a number of wild and uncultivated species
and hybrids, including:
, pomelo
, mandarin
and papeda were the ancestor
s of all other citrus species and their varieties, as they resulted from breeding or natural
hybridization among the parental species.
Subgenus
In biology, a subgenus is a taxonomic rank directly below genus.In zoology, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between the generic name and the specific epithet: e.g. the Tiger Cowry of the Indo-Pacific, Cypraea tigris Linnaeus, which...
Papeda of the genus
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
Citrus
Citrus
Citrus is a common term and genus of flowering plants in the rue family, Rutaceae. Citrus is believed to have originated in the part of Southeast Asia bordered by Northeastern India, Myanmar and the Yunnan province of China...
, with citrus species native to Asia.
The papeda group includes some of the most tropical, and also some of the most frost-tolerant citrus plants. They are cultivated far less often than other citrus, though they will all hybridize with other citrus. Many papedas are known for slow growth, small size relative to other citrus species, and thorniness. Though all papeda fruits are edible, many are considered inedible due to extremely sour or bitter flavors, though a few papedas and papeda-hybrids (notably, Ichang lemon
Shangjuan
The shangjuan, or Ichang lemon The shangjuan, or Ichang lemon The shangjuan, or Ichang lemon (Citrus ichangensis × C. maxima, is a citrus fruit and plant originating in East Asia. It is believed to be a hybrid of pomelo and Ichang papeda. The fruit looks a bit like a grapefruit, and can be either...
, Yuzu
Yuzu
The yuzu is a citrus fruit and plant originating in East Asia. It is believed to be a hybrid of sour mandarin and Ichang papeda...
, Kaffir lime
Kaffir lime
The kaffir lime, Citrus × hystrix, Rutaceae), is also known as combava, kieffer lime, limau purut, jeruk purut or makrut lime,...
, Kabosu
Kabosu
is a juicy green citrus fruit closely related to the yuzu with the sharpness of lemon, used instead of vinegar in some Japanese dishes. It grows on a flowering plant with sharp thorns, and the fruit is harvested when still green but ripens to yellow...
, and Sudachi
Sudachi
Sudachi is a small, round, green citrus fruit which belongs to the papeda subgroup of citrus plants....
) do have some culinary use. Other papedas, like the Ichang Papeda have landscaping uses. The Ichang Papeda and Khasi
Citrus latipes
Citrus latipes, commonly called "Khasi papeda", is sometimes mistakenly identified as Kaffir lime . Native to northeastern India, the khasi papeda is a small, thorny tree that closely resembles both kaffir limes and ichang papedas...
are also of some importance as rootstocks and in attempts at breeding new, disease-resistant or frost-hardy citrus.
Species
The subgenus includes cultivated plants such as:- Ichang Papeda
- Ichang lemonShangjuanThe shangjuan, or Ichang lemon The shangjuan, or Ichang lemon The shangjuan, or Ichang lemon (Citrus ichangensis × C. maxima, is a citrus fruit and plant originating in East Asia. It is believed to be a hybrid of pomelo and Ichang papeda. The fruit looks a bit like a grapefruit, and can be either...
- YuzuYuzuThe yuzu is a citrus fruit and plant originating in East Asia. It is believed to be a hybrid of sour mandarin and Ichang papeda...
- Kaffir limeKaffir limeThe kaffir lime, Citrus × hystrix, Rutaceae), is also known as combava, kieffer lime, limau purut, jeruk purut or makrut lime,...
- KabosuKabosuis a juicy green citrus fruit closely related to the yuzu with the sharpness of lemon, used instead of vinegar in some Japanese dishes. It grows on a flowering plant with sharp thorns, and the fruit is harvested when still green but ripens to yellow...
- SudachiSudachiSudachi is a small, round, green citrus fruit which belongs to the papeda subgroup of citrus plants....
and a number of wild and uncultivated species
Species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
and hybrids, including:
- Citrus celebica (Celebes papeda)
- Citrus halimiiCitrus halimiiCitrus halimii is a citrus tree and fruit, belonging to the papeda subgroup of citrus plants. It was first discovered and catalogued in 1973.- Distribution :Citrus halimii is quite rare and poorly studied...
(Mountain citron) - Citrus latipesCitrus latipesCitrus latipes, commonly called "Khasi papeda", is sometimes mistakenly identified as Kaffir lime . Native to northeastern India, the khasi papeda is a small, thorny tree that closely resembles both kaffir limes and ichang papedas...
(Khasi papeda) - Citrus longispina (Winged lime)
- Citrus macrophyllaCitrus macrophyllaCitrus macrophylla, also known as alemow, is a citrus tree and fruit, belonging to the papeda subgroup of citrus plants. The trees are short in stature, more tropical in nature than most citrus, and are very spiny.- Distribution :...
(Alemow) - Citrus macropteraCitrus macropteraCitrus macroptera commonly called "Melanesian papeda", "wild orange", "cabuyao" or "satkara" is a semi-wild species of citrus native to Malesia and Melanesia.- Description :...
(Melanesian papeda) - Citrus micracantha (Biasong)
- Citrus microcarpa (Samuyao)
- Citrus webberi (Kalpi)
Ancestor
It is believed and supported with molecular studies that the citronCitron
Not to be confused with Cintron.The citron is a fragrant citrus fruit, botanically classified as Citrus medica by both the Swingle and Tanaka systems...
, pomelo
Pomelo
The pomelo is a citrus fruit native to Southeast Asia. It is usually pale green to yellow when ripe, with sweet white flesh and very thick albedo . It is the largest citrus fruit, 15–25 cm in diameter, and usually weighing 1–2 kg...
, mandarin
Mandarin orange
The orange, also known as the ' or mandarine , is a small citrus tree with fruit resembling other oranges. Mandarin oranges are usually eaten plain or in fruit salads...
and papeda were the ancestor
Ancestor
An ancestor is a parent or the parent of an ancestor ....
s of all other citrus species and their varieties, as they resulted from breeding or natural
Natural
Natural is an adjective that refers to Nature.Natural may refer too:In science and mathematics:* Natural transformation, category theory in mathematics* Natural foods...
hybridization among the parental species.