Charles, Duke of Guelders
Encyclopedia
Charles of Egmond was Duke of Guelders, Count of Zutphen
between 1492 and his death. He was the son of Adolf of Egmond and Catharine of Bourbon
. He was a major protagonist in the Frisian peasant rebellion and the Guelderian Wars
.
court of Charles the Bold, who had bought the duchy of Guelders from Adolf of Egmond in 1473. He fought in several battles against the armies of Charles VIII of France
, until he was captured in the Battle of Béthune in 1487.
In 1492, the cities of Guelders, who had become disenchanted with the rule of King Maximilian
, who by marriage had acquired the Burgundian lands for the Habsburg
s, ransomed Charles and recognized him as their Duke.
Charles was supported by the French King, but in 1505, Guelders was regained by King Maximilian's son
Philip the Handsome
. Charles had to accompany Philip to Spain
to attend Philip's coronation as King of Castile but at Antwerp, Charles managed to escape. Shortly afterwards, Philip died in Spain and by July 1513 Charles had regained control over the whole of Guelders.
In his conflict with the Habsburgs, Charles also became a major player behind the scenes of the Frisian peasant rebellion
and at first financially supported the rebel leader Pier Gerlofs Donia
. After the tides turned against the rebels, Charles stopped his support and switched sides together with his military commander Maarten van Rossum
.
In the Treaty of Gorinchem
(1528), Emperor Charles
, son of Philip the Handsome, proposed to recognized Charles of Egmond as Duke of Guelders under the condition that he would inherit the Duchy should the Duke die without issue. The Duke, who at the time did not have any children, delayed signing the treaty. Another battle ensued, after which the passage was removed from the treaty. In 1536 there was finally peace between Guelders and Burgundy.
Charles died at Arnhem
, and is buried in the St. Eusebius Church there.
, Duke of Brunswick-Lunebourg and Marguerite of Saxony. The marriage remained childless. Charles however fathered several illegitimate children.
His only legitimate sister, his twin Philippa, Duchess of Lorraine
(1467–1547) survived him and died during the reign of her great-grandson Charles III, Duke of Lorraine
(1543–1608).
Count of Zutphen
The title of Count of Zutphen historically belonged to the ruler of the Dutch province of Gelderland ....
between 1492 and his death. He was the son of Adolf of Egmond and Catharine of Bourbon
Catharine of Bourbon
Catharine of Bourbon was Duchess of Guelders from 1465-1469 by her marriage to Adolf, Duke of Guelders...
. He was a major protagonist in the Frisian peasant rebellion and the Guelderian Wars
Guelderian Wars
The Guelderian Wars were a series of conflicts in the Low Countries between the Duke of Burgundy, who controlled Holland, Flanders, Brabant and Hainaut, and Charles, Duke of Guelders, who controlled Guelders, Groningen and Frisia....
.
Life
Charles was born at Grave and raised at the BurgundianDuchy of Burgundy
The Duchy of Burgundy , was heir to an ancient and prestigious reputation and a large division of the lands of the Second Kingdom of Burgundy and in its own right was one of the geographically larger ducal territories in the emergence of Early Modern Europe from Medieval Europe.Even in that...
court of Charles the Bold, who had bought the duchy of Guelders from Adolf of Egmond in 1473. He fought in several battles against the armies of Charles VIII of France
Charles VIII of France
Charles VIII, called the Affable, , was King of France from 1483 to his death in 1498. Charles was a member of the House of Valois...
, until he was captured in the Battle of Béthune in 1487.
In 1492, the cities of Guelders, who had become disenchanted with the rule of King Maximilian
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Maximilian I , the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1493 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky...
, who by marriage had acquired the Burgundian lands for the Habsburg
Habsburg
The House of Habsburg , also found as Hapsburg, and also known as House of Austria is one of the most important royal houses of Europe and is best known for being an origin of all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1438 and 1740, as well as rulers of the Austrian Empire and...
s, ransomed Charles and recognized him as their Duke.
Charles was supported by the French King, but in 1505, Guelders was regained by King Maximilian's son
Philip the Handsome
Philip I of Castile
Philip I , known as Philip the Handsome or the Fair, was the first Habsburg King of Castile...
. Charles had to accompany Philip to Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
to attend Philip's coronation as King of Castile but at Antwerp, Charles managed to escape. Shortly afterwards, Philip died in Spain and by July 1513 Charles had regained control over the whole of Guelders.
In his conflict with the Habsburgs, Charles also became a major player behind the scenes of the Frisian peasant rebellion
Arumer Zwarte Hoop
The Arumer Zwarte Hoop was an army of peasant rebels in Friesland fighting the Dutch authorities from 1515 to 1523....
and at first financially supported the rebel leader Pier Gerlofs Donia
Pier Gerlofs Donia
Pier Gerlofs Donia was a Frisian warrior, pirate, and rebel. He is best known by his West Frisian nickname "Grutte Pier" , or by the Dutch translations "Grote Pier" and "Lange Pier", or, in Latin, "Pierius Magnus", which referred to his legendary size and strength. His life is mostly shrouded in...
. After the tides turned against the rebels, Charles stopped his support and switched sides together with his military commander Maarten van Rossum
Maarten van Rossum
Maarten van Rossum was a Dutch Guelderian military tactician and later field marshal at the service of Charles, Duke of Guelders....
.
In the Treaty of Gorinchem
Treaty of Gorinchem
The Treaty of Gorinchem was signed in Gorinchem on 20 October 1528 between Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and Duke Charles of Guelders. Based on the terms of the accord, the Emperor acknowledged Duke Charles' control of Guelders, Groningen, Overijssel, and Drente. Duke Charles, in turn, agreed to...
(1528), Emperor Charles
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I, of the Spanish Empire from 1516 until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favor of his younger brother Ferdinand I and his son Philip II in 1556.As...
, son of Philip the Handsome, proposed to recognized Charles of Egmond as Duke of Guelders under the condition that he would inherit the Duchy should the Duke die without issue. The Duke, who at the time did not have any children, delayed signing the treaty. Another battle ensued, after which the passage was removed from the treaty. In 1536 there was finally peace between Guelders and Burgundy.
Charles died at Arnhem
Arnhem
Arnhem is a city and municipality, situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of Gelderland and located near the river Nederrijn as well as near the St. Jansbeek, which was the source of the city's development. Arnhem has 146,095 residents as one of the...
, and is buried in the St. Eusebius Church there.
Family
In 1519, Charles married young Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lünebourg (b.1494-d.1572), daughter of Henry I of LüneburgHenry I of Lüneburg
Henry the Middle, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg was Prince of Lüneburg from 1486 to 1520.-Life:Henry of Brunswick-Lüneburg, the son of Otto V of Lüneburg and Anna of Nassau, was born in 1468. In 1486, Henry took control of Lüneburg from his mother, who had been regent since the death of Henry’s...
, Duke of Brunswick-Lunebourg and Marguerite of Saxony. The marriage remained childless. Charles however fathered several illegitimate children.
His only legitimate sister, his twin Philippa, Duchess of Lorraine
Philippa of Guelders
Philippa of Guelders , was the daughter of Adolf of Egmond and Catharine of Bourbon.- Family :Philippa was the twin sister of Charles, Duke of Guelders; they were born at Grave, Netherlands, and were their parents' only children...
(1467–1547) survived him and died during the reign of her great-grandson Charles III, Duke of Lorraine
Charles III, Duke of Lorraine
Charles III , known as the Great, was Duke of Lorraine from 1545 until his death.-History:He was the eldest surviving son of Francis I, Duke of Lorraine, and Christina of Denmark...
(1543–1608).