Changes in the taxonomy of gastropods since 2005
Encyclopedia
This overview lists changes in the taxonomy of gastropods at the family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

 level and above since 2005
, when the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)
Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...

 was published. In other words, these are recent updates in the way various groups of snail
Snail
Snail is a common name applied to most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have coiled shells in the adult stage. When the word is used in its most general sense, it includes sea snails, land snails and freshwater snails. The word snail without any qualifier is however more often...

s and slug
Slug
Slug is a common name that is normally applied to any gastropod mollusc that lacks a shell, has a very reduced shell, or has a small internal shell...

s are classified
Biological classification
Biological classification, or scientific classification in biology, is a method to group and categorize organisms by biological type, such as genus or species. Biological classification is part of scientific taxonomy....

.

Changes in subfamilies are outlined in the respective articles about each particular family. Unchanged taxa are not listed here.

In one of the largest recent changes (affecting the most species of gastropods), Klussmann-Kolb et al. (2008) showed that the traditional classification of the Euthyneura
Euthyneura
Euthyneura is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes species from the sea, the land and freshwater; marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the clade Heterobranchia....

 needed to be reconsidered. The change was subsequently made by Jörger et al. (2010), who redefined the major groups within the Heterobranchia
Heterobranchia
Heterobranchia, the heterobranchs or Euthyneura, is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes species from the sea, the land and freshwater; marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks....

.

Helcionelloida (not gastropods)

It has become clear that the fossil
Fossil
Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals , plants, and other organisms from the remote past...

 taxon Helcionelloida
Helcionelloida
Helcionelloida is the name given to an extinct group of ancient molluscs . These are the oldest known conchiferan molluscs, that is, they had a mineralised shell. Some members of this class were mistaken for Monoplacophorans. The class was erected by Peel in 1991.-Anatomy:These animals were...

 does not belong to the class Gastropoda; it is now a separate class. P. Yu. Parkhaev (2006, 2007) created the class Helcionelloida, whose members were previously treated as "Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain systematic position" sensu Bouchet & Rocroi.

Subclass Archaeobranchia Parkhaev, 2001
  • Order Helcionelliformes Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975
  • Superfamily Helcionelloidea Wenz, 1938
  • Family Helcionellidae Wenz, 1938
  • Family Igarkiellidae
    Igarkiellidae
    Igarkiella is the sole genus of Igarkiellidae, an extinct family of Paleozoic fossil molluscs of uncertain position.- 2005 taxonomy :The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 categorizes Igarkiellidae in the superfamilia Scenelloidea within thePaleozoic molluscs of uncertain...

     Parkhaev, 2001
  • Family Coreospiridae
    Coreospiridae
    Coreospiridae is an extinct family of Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position taxonomically. They might be snails or they might be monoplacophorans, Gastropoda or Monoplacophora.- 2005 taxonomy :...

     Knight, 1947

  • Superfamily Yochelcionelloidea
    Yochelcionelloidea
    Yochelcionelloidea is an extinct superfamily of paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position . The earliest yochelcionellids are known from the Middle Tommotian, but they are most diverse from the Botomian through the early Middle Cambrian.- 2005 taxonomy :The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet &...

     Runnegar & Jell, 1976
  • Family Trenellidae
    Trenellidae
    Trenella is the sole genus in Trenellidae, an extinct family of paleozoic Yochelcionellids.- 2005 taxonomy :The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 categorizes Trenellidae in the superfamilia Yochelcionelloidea within the...

     Parkhaev, 2001
  • Family Yochelcionellidae Runnegar & Jell, 1976
  • Family Stenothecidae
    Stenothecidae
    Stenothecidae is an extinct family of univalved Cambrian molluscs. .- Morphology :...

     Runnegar & Jell, 1980
  • Subfamily Stenothecinae Runnegar & Jell, 1980
  • Subfamily Watsonellinae Parkhaev, 2001
    • Order Pelagiellifomes MacKinnon, 1985
    • Family Pelagiellidae
      Pelagiellidae
      Pelagiellidae is an extinct family of paleozoic molluscs.- 2005 taxonomy :The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 categorizes Pelagiellidae in the superfamilia Pelagielloidea within the...

       Knight, 1952
    • Family Aldanellidae
      Aldanellidae
      Aldanellidae is an extinct family of paleozoic molluscs that have been assigned to the Gastropod stem group but may also belong to a paraphyletic "Monoplacophora".- 2005 taxonomy :...

       Linsley et Kier, 1984


Subclass Divasibranchia Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975
  • Order Khairkhaniifomes Parkhaev, 2001
  • Family Khairkhaniidae
    Khairkhaniidae
    Khairkhaniidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic fossil molluscs of uncertain position. They are thought to belong to either the Gastropoda or Monoplacophora.They possess planispiral coiled shells with a columnar microstructure.- 2005 taxonomy :...

     Missarzhevsky, 1989


Subclass Dextrobranchia Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975
  • Order Onychochiliformes Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975
  • Family Onychochilidae
    Onychochilidae
    Onychochilidae is an extinct family of small, upper Cambrian to lower Devonian, hyperstrophically coiled molluscs, generally with smooth whorls and elongate apertures, commonly regarded as gastropods....

     Koken, 1925

Patellogastropoda

This revised taxonomy
Taxonomy
Taxonomy is the science of identifying and naming species, and arranging them into a classification. The field of taxonomy, sometimes referred to as "biological taxonomy", revolves around the description and use of taxonomic units, known as taxa...

 of the Patellogastropoda
Patellogastropoda
Patellogastropoda, common name true limpets and historically called Docoglossa, is a major phylogenetic group of marine gastropods, seen either as a clade or as a taxonomic order.-Taxonomy:Patellogastropoda was proposed by David R...

 (the true limpet
Limpet
Limpet is a common name for a number of different kinds of saltwater and freshwater snails ; it is applied to those snails that have a simple shell which is more or less conical in shape, and either is not spirally coiled, or appears not to be coiled in the adult snails.The name limpet is most...

s) is based on research by Nakano & Ozawa (2007). The Acmaeidae is treated as a synonym of Lottiidae
Lottiidae
Lottiidae is a family of sea snails, specifically true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Lottioidea and the clade Patellogastropoda .- 2005 taxonomy :...

; the subfamily Pectinodontinae is elevated to Pectinodontidae
Pectinodontidae
Pectinodontidae is a family of sea snails or true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Patellogastropoda, the true limpets.- Taxonomy :...

; a new family Eoacmaeidae with the new type genus Eoacmaea
Eoacmaea
Eoacmaea is a genus of sea snails or true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Patellogastropoda, the true limpets.Eoacmaea is the only genus in the family Eoacmaeidae, that is the only family in the superfamily Eoacmaeoidea....

is established. The remaining three families (Neolepetopsidae, Daminilidae, Lepetopsidae) are moved into the Lottioidea, like this:
  • superfamily Eoacmaeoidea
    • family Eoacmaeidae
  • superfamily Patelloidea
    • family Patellidae
      Patellidae
      Patellidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails or true limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Patellogastropoda.Patellidae is the only family in the superfamily Patelloidea...

  • superfamily Lottioidea
    Lottioidea
    Lottioidea is a superfamily of sea snails or limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Patellogastropoda, the true limpets.-2005 taxonomy:There are three families within Lottioidea in the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi :...

    • family Nacellidae
      Nacellidae
      Nacellidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails or true limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Patellogastropoda.Nacellidae is the only family in the superfamily Nacelloidea...

    • family Lepetidae
      Lepetidae
      Lepetidae is a family of sea snails or small, deep-water true limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Patellogastropoda the true limpets.- Taxonomy :...

    • family Pectinodontidae
      Pectinodontidae
      Pectinodontidae is a family of sea snails or true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Patellogastropoda, the true limpets.- Taxonomy :...

    • family Lottiidae
      Lottiidae
      Lottiidae is a family of sea snails, specifically true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Lottioidea and the clade Patellogastropoda .- 2005 taxonomy :...

    • family Neolepetopsidae
      Neolepetopsidae
      Neolepetopsidae is a family of gastropods in the clade Patellogastropoda .This family has no subfamilies.- Etymology :...

    • † family Daminilidae
      Daminilidae
      Daminilidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Patellogastropoda.This family has no subfamilies.- Taxonomy :...

    • † family Lepetopsidae
      Lepetopsidae
      Lepetopsidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Patellogastropoda.This family has no subfamilies.Members of extant family Neolepetopsidae probably developed from Lepetopsidae.- Taxonomy :...


Vetigastropoda

Geiger (2009) elevated the subfamily Depressizoninae to family level as Depressizonidae. Also two subfamilies (the Larocheinae from the Scissurellidae, and the Temnocinclinae from the Sutilizonidae) were upgraded to family level as the Larocheidae and the Temnocinclidae.
  • Superfamily Lepetodriloidea
    Lepetodriloidea
    Lepetodriloidea is a superfamily of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda.-Families :Families within the superfamily Lepetodriloidea include:*Family Lepetodrilidae McLean, 1988*Family Clypeosectidae McLean, 1989...

    • Family Lepetodrilidae
      Lepetodrilidae
      Lepetodrilidae is a family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies.- Genera :Genera within the family Lepetodrilidae include:* Lepetodrilus...

    • Family Clypeosectidae
    • Family Sutilizonidae
      Sutilizonidae
      Sutilizonidae is a family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .- Taxonomy :This family has no subfamilies....

    • Family Temnocinclidae
  • Superfamily Scissurelloidea
    Scissurelloidea
    Scissurelloidea is a superfamily of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda.-Taxonomy :This superfamily consists of two following families :*Family Scissurellidae Gray, 1847*Family Anatomidae McLean, 1989Geiger updated two other subfamilias to family...

    • Family Scissurellidae
      Scissurellidae
      Scissurellidae, sometimes known by the common name little slit snails, are a taxonomic family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the clade Vetigastropoda...

    • Family Larocheidae
    • Family Anatomidae
      Anatomidae
      Anatomidae is a family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda ....

    • Family Depressizonidae


The superfamily Trochoidea was redefined by Williams et al. (2008) and the superfamily Turbinoidea
Turbinoidea
Turbinoidea is a superfamily of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda . But it is an available name, because it is not used in current taxonomy of gastropods sensu Williams et al...

 is no longer used. Phasianelloidea and Angarioidea were created as new superfamilies.

Trochoidea
Trochoidea (superfamily)
Trochoidea is a superfamily of small to very large vetigastropod sea snails with gills and an operculum.They have nacre as the inner shell layer...

  • Trochidae
    Trochidae
    The Trochidae, common name top snails, are a taxonomic family of very small to large sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Vetigastropoda ....

  • Turbinidae
    Turbinidae
    Turbinidae, the turban snails, are a family of small to large marine gastropods. Turbinidae have a strong, thick calcareous operculum readily distinguishing them from the somewhat similar Trochidae or top snails, which have a corneous operculum...

  • Solariellidae
    Solariellidae
    Solariellidae is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Trochoidea...

  • Calliostomatidae
    Calliostomatidae
    Calliostomatidae is a family of sea snails within the superfamily Trochoidea and the clade Vetigastropoda.- Description :The Calliostomatidae are unusually diverse. They are characterized by a stepped spire and a pointy aperture. They may possess or lack an umbilicus. The columella is sometimes...

  • Liotiidae
    Liotiidae
    Liotiidae is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda .- 2005 taxonomy :...

  • † Family Elasmonematidae
    Elasmonematidae
    Elasmonematidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies.- Genera :Genera within this family include:...

  • † Family Eucochlidae
    Eucochlidae
    Eucochlidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Trochoidea .This family has no subfamilies....

  • † Family Microdomatidae
    Microdomatidae
    Microdomatidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Trochoidea .- Taxonomy :...

  • † Family Proconulidae
    Proconulidae
    Proconulidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies....

  • † Family Tychobraheidae
    Tychobraheidae
    Tychobraheidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda .This family has no subfamilies....

  • † Family Velainellidae
    Velainellidae
    Velainellidae is a very small family of gastropods containing only the Eocene genus Velainella, named by Vasseur 1880 and found in France. Velainella has a long, narrow, straight twisted shell with a smooth lipped oval aperture...



Phasianelloidea
Phasianelloidea
Phasianelloidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda.-Taxonomy :Superfamily Phasianelloidea was created as new superfamily by Williams et al. ....

  • Phasianellidae
    Phasianellidae
    Phasianellidae common name the "pheasant shells" or "pheasant snails" is a family of small sea snails with calcareous opercula, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda ....

  • Colloniidae
    Colloniidae
    Colloniidae is a family of small sea snails with calcareous opercula, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda.- 2005 taxonomy :...



Angarioidea
Angarioidea
Angarioidea is a superfamily of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda.-Taxonomy :The superfamily Angarioidea was created as a new superfamily by Williams et al...

  • Angariidae - monotypic with Angaria
    Angaria (gastropod)
    Angaria is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Angariidae. Angaria is the only genus in the family Angariidae.- 2005 taxonomy :...

  • Areneidae
    Areneidae
    Areneidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda.Areneidae is not officially described as a taxon name. Areneidae is provisionaly placed within the superfamily Angarioidea according to Williams et al. ....

     (probable placement)

Neritimorpha

Bandel (2007) described four new families within the Neritopsoidea
Neritopsoidea
Neritopsoidea is a taxonomic grouping, a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Cycloneritimorpha within clade Neritimorpha or in the order Neritoina within superorder Cycloneritimorpha within subclass Neritimorpha .- 1997 taxonomy :Neritopsoidea was in order Neritoida,...

. He classified Neritopsoidea in the order Neritoina within the superorder Cycloneritimorpha
Cycloneritimorpha
Cycloneritimorpha is a clade of land snails, freshwater snails, and sea snails. These are gastropod molluscs within the larger clade Neritimorpha...

 and within the subclass Neritimorpha
Neritimorpha
Neritimorpha is a taxonomic grouping, an unranked clade of snails, gastropod mollusks. This grouping includes land snails, sea snails, some deepwater limpets, and also freshwater snails...

. Bandel (2007) recognizes Natisopsinae (in Neritopsidae by Bouchet & Rocrois 2005) at the family level, as Naticopsidae. Bandel's classification looks like this:

superfamily Neritopsoidea
Neritopsoidea
Neritopsoidea is a taxonomic grouping, a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Cycloneritimorpha within clade Neritimorpha or in the order Neritoina within superorder Cycloneritimorpha within subclass Neritimorpha .- 1997 taxonomy :Neritopsoidea was in order Neritoida,...

  • family Neritopsidae
    Neritopsidae
    Neritopsidae is a family of small sea snails and freshwater snails in the clade Cycloneritimorpha ....

  • † Fedaiellidae Bandel, 2007
  • † family Delphinulopsidae
    Delphinulopsidae
    Delphinulopsidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine, gastropod mollusks.- Taxonomy :According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Delphinulopsidae has no subfamilies.- 2007 taxonomy :...

  • † family Cortinellidae
    Cortinellidae
    Cortinellidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails....

  • † Palaeonaricidae Bandel, 2007
  • † Naticopsidae - Natisopsinae (in Neritopsidae by Bouchet & Rocroid 2005) is recognized at family level by Bandel (2007).
  • † Tricolnaticopsidae Bandel, 2007
  • † Scalaneritinidae Bandel, 2007
  • † family Plagiothyridae
    Plagiothyridae
    Plagiothyridae is an extinct family of sea snails....

  • † family Pseudorthonychiidae
    Pseudorthonychiidae
    Pseudorthonychiidae is an extinct, monogeneric family of gastropods in the clade Cycloneritimorpha ....

  • family Titiscaniidae

Caenogastropoda

The family Provannidae
Provannidae
Provannidae is a family of deep water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda .- Habitat :...

 was moved to the superfamily Abyssochrysoidea
Abyssochrysoidea
Abyssochrysoidea is a superfamily of deep water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda.These snails are part of the fauna of the hydrothermal vents and other deep-water habitats.-Families:...

 Tomlin, 1927. In addition, a new family Hokkaidoconchidae
Hokkaidoconchidae
Hokkaidoconchidae, common name hokkaidoconchids, is an extinct family of deep-water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks.- Genera :* Hokkaidoconcha Kaim, Jenkins & Warén, 2008 - type genus...

 Kaim, Jenkins & Warén, 2008 was named.
  • superfamily Abyssochrysoidea
    Abyssochrysoidea
    Abyssochrysoidea is a superfamily of deep water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda.These snails are part of the fauna of the hydrothermal vents and other deep-water habitats.-Families:...

    • family Provannidae
      Provannidae
      Provannidae is a family of deep water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda .- Habitat :...

    • family Hokkaidoconchidae
      Hokkaidoconchidae
      Hokkaidoconchidae, common name hokkaidoconchids, is an extinct family of deep-water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks.- Genera :* Hokkaidoconcha Kaim, Jenkins & Warén, 2008 - type genus...



The subfamily Semisulcospirinae, within the Pleuroceridae
Pleuroceridae
Pleuroceridae, common name pleurocerids, is a family of small to medium-sized freshwater snails, aquatic gilled gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cerithioidea.These snails have an operculum and typically a robust high-spired shell....

, was elevated to the family level Semisulcospiridae
Semisulcospiridae
Semisulcospiridae, common name semisulcospirids, is a family of freshwater snails, aquatic gilled gastropod mollusks with an operculum, in the superfamily Cerithioidea....

 by Strong & Köhler (2009).
  • superfamily Cerithioidea
    Cerithioidea
    The Cerithioidea is a superfamily of marine, brackish water and freshwater gastropod containing more than 200 genera. The Cerithoidea are included in the clade Sorbeoconcha. The original name of this superfamily was Cerithiacea, in keeping with common superfamily endings at the time.- Ecology...

    • family Pleuroceridae
      Pleuroceridae
      Pleuroceridae, common name pleurocerids, is a family of small to medium-sized freshwater snails, aquatic gilled gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cerithioidea.These snails have an operculum and typically a robust high-spired shell....

    • family Semisulcospiridae
      Semisulcospiridae
      Semisulcospiridae, common name semisulcospirids, is a family of freshwater snails, aquatic gilled gastropod mollusks with an operculum, in the superfamily Cerithioidea....

    • and others


Bandel (2006) made numerous changes in the following clades: Cerithimorpha/Cerithioidea
Cerithioidea
The Cerithioidea is a superfamily of marine, brackish water and freshwater gastropod containing more than 200 genera. The Cerithoidea are included in the clade Sorbeoconcha. The original name of this superfamily was Cerithiacea, in keeping with common superfamily endings at the time.- Ecology...

, Turritellimorpha/Turritelloidea, Murchisonimorpha/Orthonematoidea, Campanilimorpha/Campaniloidea
Campaniloidea
The Campaniloidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. The Campaniloidea are included in the clade Sorbeoconcha.-Taxonomy:The following four families have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi :...

 and Ampullinoidea, Vermetimorpha/Vermetoidea.

Fehse (2007) elevated both the subfamily Pediculariinae and the tribe Eocypraeini (which were previously in the family Ovulidae
Ovulidae
Ovulidae, common names the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries, is a family of small to large predatory or parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies.-Distribution:...

) to family level, based on both morphological research and molecular phylogeny research. Families within Cypraeoidea are now as follows:
  • superfamily Cypraeoidea
    Cypraeoidea
    Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies, is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropods included in the clade Littorinimorpha. This superfamily was previously called Cypraeacea and was named by Rafinesque in 1815.-Shell description:...

    • family Cypraeidae
      Cypraeidae
      Cypraeidae, common name the cowries , is a taxonomic family of small to large sea snails. These are marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies.-Shell description:...

    • family Eocypraeidae
      Eocypraeidae
      Eocypraeidae is a small family of large sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies.The family Eocypraeidae consists mainly of fossil species, except for two species: Sphaerocypraea incomparabilis Briano, 1993 and an as yet undescribed species...

    • family Ovulidae
      Ovulidae
      Ovulidae, common names the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries, is a family of small to large predatory or parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies.-Distribution:...

    • family Pediculariidae
      Pediculariidae
      Pediculariidae is a family of small to large predatory or parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and the cowry allies...



Within the Tonnoidea
Tonnoidea
Tonnoidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Families:Families within the superfamily Tonnoidea include:*Family Tonnidae*Family Bursidae*Family Laubierinidae*Family Personidae*Family Pisanianuridae...

, Beu (2008) raised the subfamily Cassinae to the rank of family: Cassidae Latreille, 1825.

Bouchet et al. (2011) have updated taxonomy of the superfamily Conoidea
Conoidea
Conoidea is a superfamily of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the suborder Hypsogastropoda. This superfamily is a very large group of marine mollusks, estimated at about 340 recent valid genera and subgenera, and considered by one authority to contain 4,000 named living species...

:
  • new family Horaiclavidae
    Horaiclavidae
    Horaiclavidae is a family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.- Genera :Genera within the family Horaiclavidae include:* Anacithara Hedley, 1922* Anguloclavus Shuto, 1983...

     Bouchet, Kantor, Sysoev & Puillandre, 2011
  • some subfamilies have been elevated to families
  • The polyphyletic family Turridae
    Turridae
    Turridae, , is a large taxonomic family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, that vary in size from minute to moderately large. With more than 4,000 species, the Turridae is the largest mollusk family and group of marine caenogastropods...

     has been split up in 13 monophyletic families by raising a number of subfamilies to the rank of family.

Heterobranchia

Janssen (2005) established a new family, Praecuvierinidae
Praecuvierinidae
Praecuvierinidae is a family of extinct of small floating sea snails, pelagic marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cavolinioidea.- Genera :* Genus Praecuvierina Janssen, 2005...

.

Gosliner et al. (2007) elevated the subfamily Babakininae to the family level as Babakinidae.

Golding et al. (2007) established new families within the Amphiboloidea
Amphiboloidea
Amphiboloidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails.- 2005 taxonomy :According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda , it is a superfamily in the informal group Basommatophora, within the Pulmonata....

:
  • Maningrididae Golding, Ponder & Byrne, 2007
  • Phallomedusidae Golding, Ponder & Byrne, 2007


Uit de Weerd (2008) moved two families Urocoptidae
Urocoptidae
Urocoptidae is a family of land snails, gastropods in the superfamily Urocoptoidea.- 2005 taxonomy :The Urocoptidae family has been classified in the superfamily Orthalicoidea within the informal group Sigmurethra, itself belonging to the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata .The...

 and Cerionidae
Cerionidae
Cerionidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Urocoptoidea.- 2008 taxonomy :...

 to the newly established superfamily Urocoptoidea
Urocoptoidea
Urocoptoidea is a superfamily of land snails, gastropods in the informal group Sigmurethra. cfThe superfamily Urocoptoidea has been established by Uit de Weerd based on molecular phylogeny research in 2008.- Families :...

, based on molecular phylogeny
Molecular phylogeny
Molecular phylogenetics is the analysis of hereditary molecular differences, mainly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree...

 research as follows:

superfamily Urocoptoidea
Urocoptoidea
Urocoptoidea is a superfamily of land snails, gastropods in the informal group Sigmurethra. cfThe superfamily Urocoptoidea has been established by Uit de Weerd based on molecular phylogeny research in 2008.- Families :...

  • family Urocoptidae
    Urocoptidae
    Urocoptidae is a family of land snails, gastropods in the superfamily Urocoptoidea.- 2005 taxonomy :The Urocoptidae family has been classified in the superfamily Orthalicoidea within the informal group Sigmurethra, itself belonging to the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata .The...

  • family Cerionidae
    Cerionidae
    Cerionidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Urocoptoidea.- 2008 taxonomy :...



Schrödl & Neusser (2010) rearranged the taxonomy of the Acochlidiacea.

Swennen & Buatip (2009) described a new family Aitengidae, which was later moved to Acochlidiacea
Acochlidiacea
Acochlidiacea, common name acochlidians, are a taxonomic clade of very unusual sea snails and sea and freshwater slugs, aquatic gastropod mollusks within the large clade Heterobranchia...

 by Jörger et al. (2010).

Malaquias et al. (2009) rearranged the taxonomy of the Cephalaspidea sensu lato: reinstated Architectibranchia
Architectibranchia
Architectibranchia is a clade of marine snails, gastropod mollusks.It has been originally established containing the superfamilies Acteonoidea, Ringiculoidea, and Diaphanoidea.- 2005 taxonomy :...

, reinstated Runcinacea, reinstated Scaphandridae
Scaphandridae
Scaphandridae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily ???.- Taxonomy :Scaphandridae was considered as a synonym of Cylichnidae in the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).However, Malaquias et al...

 as a valid family, but they did not used superfamilies.

Subsequently Malaquias (2010) moved Bullacta exarata
Bullacta exarata
Bullacta exarata, common name the Korean mud snail, is a species of a sea snail or bubble snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Haminoeidae, the bubble snails....

(formerly the only member of Bullactidae) into the family Haminoeidae
Haminoeidae
Haminoeidae, commonly known as the haminoeid bubble snail family, is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Haminoeoidea....

.

Sutcharit et al. (2010) established a new family Diapheridae
Diapheridae
Streptaxidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Streptaxoidea.Sutcharit et al. established the new family Diapheridae within the superfamily Streptaxoidea in 2010.- Genera:...

 within the Streptaxoidea
Streptaxoidea
Streptaxoidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the Stylommatophora.- 2005 taxonomy :...

 in 2010.

Jörger et al. (2010) redefined major groups of Heterobranchia
Heterobranchia
Heterobranchia, the heterobranchs or Euthyneura, is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes species from the sea, the land and freshwater; marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks....

 and created the new clades Euopisthobranchia
Euopisthobranchia
Euopisthobranchia is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs in the clade Heterobranchia within the clade Euthyneura.Euopisthobranchia was established as a new taxon by Jörger et al...

 and Panpulmonata
Panpulmonata
Panpulmonata is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs in the clade Heterobranchia within the clade Euthyneura.Panpulmonata was established as a new taxon by Jörger et al...

.

Maeda et al. (2010) confirmed the placement of Cylindrobulla within the Sacoglossa
Sacoglossa
Sacoglossa, commonly known as the sacoglossans or the "sap-sucking sea slugs", are a clade of small sea slugs and sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that belong to the clade Heterobranchia...

.

Thompson (2010) redefined subfamilies in Spiraxidae
Spiraxidae
Spiraxidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropods in the clade Eupulmonata .- 2005 taxonomy :...

, moving Euglandininae and Streptostylinae (from where they had been in the Oleacinidae
Oleacinidae
Oleacinidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata .-Anatomy:...

 per Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)) so that they became subfamilies of Spiraxidae.

Proposals and research

  • Based on nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial genomes Grande et al. (2008) proposed these changes:
    • Pulmonata
      Pulmonata
      The Pulmonata, or "pulmonates", are an informal group of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills...

       is polyphyletic
    • Euthyneura
      Euthyneura
      Euthyneura is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes species from the sea, the land and freshwater; marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the clade Heterobranchia....

       is not monophyletic because the Pyramidelloidea
      Pyramidelloidea
      Pyramidelloidea is a superfamily of mostly very small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks and micromollusks within the clade Panpulmonata.This is a voluminous taxon: above the species level close to 400 named taxa are referred to this gastropod superfamily.Pyramidelloidea has both fossil and...

       should be included within the Euthyneura
    • Opisthobranchia
      Opisthobranchia
      Opisthobranchs are a large and diverse group of specialized complex marine gastropods previously united under Opisthobranchia within the Heterobranchia, but no longer considered to represent a monophyletic grouping...

       is not monophyletic because Siphonaria pectinata
      Siphonaria pectinata
      Siphonaria pectinata, common name the striped false limpet, is a species of air-breathing sea snail or false limpet, a marine pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Siphonariidae, the false limpets....

      should be recognized as a member of the Opisthobranchia
  • Peter J. Wagner
    Peter J. Wagner
    Peter J. Wagner is a paleontologist and curator at the Smithsonian Institution. He received his Ph.D. in Geophysical Sciences from The University of Chicago in 1995, conducted postdoctoral research at the Smithsonian Institution, and served as a curator at the Field Museum of Natural History from...

     considers Isospiridae
    Isospiridae
    Isospiridae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, Paleozoic gastropod mollusks.This family is unassigned to superfamily. This family has no subfamilies according to the taxonomy by Bouchet & Rocroi . It is classified as "Basal taxa that are certainly Gastropoda" by Bouchet & Rocroi .- Genera...

     to be a synonym of Cyrtonellidae within the Tergomya, The Paleobiology Database has adapted this as yet (February 2010) unpublished opinion by Wagner. This alternate taxonomy is as: Tergomya, Cyrtonellida
    Cyrtonellida
    Cyrtonellida is a group of "monoplacophora", representing either a sister taxon to, or a polyphyletic assemblage including, the Trybliida....

    , Cyrtonellidae.

See also


Further reading

  • Cunha R. L., Grande C. & Zardoya R. (23 August 2009). "Neogastropod phylogenetic relationships based on entire mitochondrial genomes". BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009, 9: 210.
  • Millard V. (2008). Classification of Mollusca. (in two volumes + CD-ROM), Edition 4, privately printed, South Africa, 1918 pp. ISBN 9780620421942.
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