Carlos Roloff
Encyclopedia
Carlos Roloff -(August 26 (or November 4), 1842-May 17, 1907) was Cuba
n general
and liberation activist, fighting against Spain
in Ten Years' War
and Spanish–American War.
Born in Warsaw
(Russian Empire
) in polish
family. Due to his father role in November uprising
family moved to Konigsberg
, where Karol was attending trade and military schools. After father's death, in 1862, family moved to USA. Carlos served in Union Army
during American Civil War
in 9th Ohio Infantry
regiment
and was officer, when war was over.
After war he was working as clerk in sugar trade company and this lead him to Cuba.
From the beginning of his stay in Cuba, he was active member of local community. Trough "El Progresso" Club, masonic lodge
"San Juan" and professional contacts he was well known to local VIPs. Therefore, in 1868 leaders of independence movement offered him rank of general in Cuban forces.
After war he was forced to leave Cuba. He moved to USA, where he became activist, gaining founds and arms for Cuban forces.
In 1879 on ship loaded with arms and ammunition sailed to Cuba to take part in Little War
, but expedition stuck in Jamaica
. Having no way to Cuba Roloff moved to Honduras
where he became Chief of Banco Central in Amapala
.
In 1892-1895 was again in USA, cooperating with José Martí
and rising Cuban Revolutionary Party.
On May 19, 1895 landed in Cuba with one of three groups sent from USA to fight against Spanish forces in 1895 war. Forces leaded by Roloff have some successes and he was promoted.
In meantime Cuban-Spanish war outturned in Spanish–American War, and Spaniards were pressed off from Cuba. In 1898 Carlos Roloff left army. In 1901 he was nominated Treasurer of Cuba Republic and stayed at this function until his death.
In 1902 Cuban citizenship
was granted to him by Cuban court.
Cuba
The Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city...
n general
General
A general officer is an officer of high military rank, usually in the army, and in some nations, the air force. The term is widely used by many nations of the world, and when a country uses a different term, there is an equivalent title given....
and liberation activist, fighting against Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
in Ten Years' War
Ten Years' War
The Ten Years' War , also known as the Great War and the War of '68, began on October 10, 1868 when sugar mill owner Carlos Manuel de Céspedes and his followers proclaimed Cuba's independence from Spain...
and Spanish–American War.
Born in Warsaw
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
(Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
) in polish
Poles
thumb|right|180px|The state flag of [[Poland]] as used by Polish government and diplomatic authoritiesThe Polish people, or Poles , are a nation indigenous to Poland. They are united by the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe...
family. Due to his father role in November uprising
November Uprising
The November Uprising , Polish–Russian War 1830–31 also known as the Cadet Revolution, was an armed rebellion in the heartland of partitioned Poland against the Russian Empire. The uprising began on 29 November 1830 in Warsaw when the young Polish officers from the local Army of the Congress...
family moved to Konigsberg
Königsberg
Königsberg was the capital of East Prussia from the Late Middle Ages until 1945 as well as the northernmost and easternmost German city with 286,666 inhabitants . Due to the multicultural society in and around the city, there are several local names for it...
, where Karol was attending trade and military schools. After father's death, in 1862, family moved to USA. Carlos served in Union Army
Union (American Civil War)
During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the twenty free states and five border slave states. It was opposed by 11 southern slave states that had declared a secession to join together to form the...
during American Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...
in 9th Ohio Infantry
9th Ohio Infantry
The 9th Ohio Infantry ' was an infantry regiment that was a part of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The members of the regiment were primarily of German descent and the unit was the first almost all-German unit to enter the Union Army.-Organization:Between 1836 to 1860, four German...
regiment
Regiment
A regiment is a major tactical military unit, composed of variable numbers of batteries, squadrons or battalions, commanded by a colonel or lieutenant colonel...
and was officer, when war was over.
After war he was working as clerk in sugar trade company and this lead him to Cuba.
From the beginning of his stay in Cuba, he was active member of local community. Trough "El Progresso" Club, masonic lodge
Masonic Lodge
This article is about the Masonic term for a membership group. For buildings named Masonic Lodge, see Masonic Lodge A Masonic Lodge, often termed a Private Lodge or Constituent Lodge, is the basic organisation of Freemasonry...
"San Juan" and professional contacts he was well known to local VIPs. Therefore, in 1868 leaders of independence movement offered him rank of general in Cuban forces.
After war he was forced to leave Cuba. He moved to USA, where he became activist, gaining founds and arms for Cuban forces.
In 1879 on ship loaded with arms and ammunition sailed to Cuba to take part in Little War
Little War (Cuba)
The Little War or Small War , was the second of three conflicts in the Cuban War of Independence. It followed the Ten Years' War of 1868–1878 and preceded the War of '95, itself sometimes called the Cuban War of Independence, which bled into the Spanish-American War, ultimately resulting in...
, but expedition stuck in Jamaica
Jamaica
Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length, up to in width and 10,990 square kilometres in area. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea, about south of Cuba, and west of Hispaniola, the island harbouring the nation-states Haiti and the Dominican Republic...
. Having no way to Cuba Roloff moved to Honduras
Honduras
Honduras is a republic in Central America. It was previously known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became the modern-day state of Belize...
where he became Chief of Banco Central in Amapala
Amapala
Amapala is a municipality in the Honduran department of Valle. It is formed by El Tigre Island and its satellite islets and rocks in the Gulf of Fonseca. It has an area of 75.2 km² and a population of 2,482 as of the census of 2001...
.
In 1892-1895 was again in USA, cooperating with José Martí
José Martí
José Julián Martí Pérez was a Cuban national hero and an important figure in Latin American literature. In his short life he was a poet, an essayist, a journalist, a revolutionary philosopher, a translator, a professor, a publisher, and a political theorist. He was also a part of the Cuban...
and rising Cuban Revolutionary Party.
On May 19, 1895 landed in Cuba with one of three groups sent from USA to fight against Spanish forces in 1895 war. Forces leaded by Roloff have some successes and he was promoted.
In meantime Cuban-Spanish war outturned in Spanish–American War, and Spaniards were pressed off from Cuba. In 1898 Carlos Roloff left army. In 1901 he was nominated Treasurer of Cuba Republic and stayed at this function until his death.
In 1902 Cuban citizenship
Citizenship
Citizenship is the state of being a citizen of a particular social, political, national, or human resource community. Citizenship status, under social contract theory, carries with it both rights and responsibilities...
was granted to him by Cuban court.