Canthyloscelididae
Encyclopedia
The Canthyloscelidae are a small family
of midges closely related to the Scatopsidae
.
Adults are small to medium-sized (2.5-9.0 mm) flies
, relatively stout, usually dark coloured Nematocera
with stout legs. They are associated with ancient woodland. Larva
e are xylosaprophagous and live in the moist, rotting wood of stumps and fallen trees.
Most are considered endangered due to the vulnerability of their habitat
.
There are 15 described species worldwide from New Zealand
, North America
, South America
, Japan
and Russia
. The 3 species in Europe
are suspected to be introductions. There is one know fossil species from the Jurassic
.
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
of midges closely related to the Scatopsidae
Scatopsidae
The minute black scavenger flies or "dung midges", Scatopsidae, is a family of Nematoceran flies. Despite being distributed throughout the world, it is quite a small family with only around 250 described species in 27 genera although many await description and doubtless even more await discovery...
.
Adults are small to medium-sized (2.5-9.0 mm) flies
Fly
True flies are insects of the order Diptera . They possess a pair of wings on the mesothorax and a pair of halteres, derived from the hind wings, on the metathorax...
, relatively stout, usually dark coloured Nematocera
Nematocera
Nematocera , is a suborder of elongated flies with thin, segmented antennae and mostly aquatic larvae, consisting of the mosquitoes, crane flies, gnats, and midges....
with stout legs. They are associated with ancient woodland. Larva
Larva
A larva is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle...
e are xylosaprophagous and live in the moist, rotting wood of stumps and fallen trees.
Most are considered endangered due to the vulnerability of their habitat
Habitat
* Habitat , a place where a species lives and grows*Human habitat, a place where humans live, work or play** Space habitat, a space station intended as a permanent settlement...
.
There are 15 described species worldwide from New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
, North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
, South America
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
, Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
and Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. The 3 species in Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
are suspected to be introductions. There is one know fossil species from the Jurassic
Jurassic
The Jurassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about Mya to Mya, that is, from the end of the Triassic to the beginning of the Cretaceous. The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of the Mesozoic era, also known as the age of reptiles. The start of the period is marked by...
.
Systematics
Originally considered to be two separate families, the Synneuridae and the Canthyloscelidae. Haenni placed the Synneuridae as the subfamily Synneurinae. A phylogenetic reclassification by Amorim has reduced the Synneurinae into a synonymy of Canthyloscelinae.- Genus Canthyloscelis EdwardsFrederick Wallace EdwardsFrederick Wallace Edwards FRS , was an English entomologist who specialised in Diptera....
, 1922 - C. antennata EdwardsFrederick Wallace EdwardsFrederick Wallace Edwards FRS , was an English entomologist who specialised in Diptera....
, 1922 - C. apicata EdwardsFrederick Wallace EdwardsFrederick Wallace Edwards FRS , was an English entomologist who specialised in Diptera....
, 1934 - C. balaena Hutson, 1977
- C. brevicornis Nagatomi, 1983
- C. claripennis EdwardsFrederick Wallace EdwardsFrederick Wallace Edwards FRS , was an English entomologist who specialised in Diptera....
, 1922 - C. nigricoxa EdwardsFrederick Wallace EdwardsFrederick Wallace Edwards FRS , was an English entomologist who specialised in Diptera....
, 1922 - C. pectinata EdwardsFrederick Wallace EdwardsFrederick Wallace Edwards FRS , was an English entomologist who specialised in Diptera....
, 1930 - C. pectipennis EdwardsFrederick Wallace EdwardsFrederick Wallace Edwards FRS , was an English entomologist who specialised in Diptera....
, 1930 - C. valdiviana Tollet, 1959
- Genus Exiliscelis Hutson 1977
- E. californiensis Hutson, 1977
- Genus Hyperoscelis Hardy & Nagatomi 1960
- H. eximia (BohemanCarl Henrik BohemanCarl Henrik Boheman was a Swedish entomologist.Boheman studied at Lund University and trained as an officer, participating in the invasion of Norway in 1814...
, 1858) introduced in Europe - H. veternosa Mamaev & Krivosheina, 1969 introduced in Europe
- Genus Prohyperoscelis Kovalev 1985
- P. jurassicus Kovalev, 1985 (fossil)
- Genus Synneuron Lundström 1910
- S. annulipes Lundström, 1910 introduced in Europe
- S. decipens Hutson, 1977
- S. sylvestre Mamaev & Krivosheina, 1969