Calgary Fort
Encyclopedia
Calgary Fort is a provincial
electoral district
for the Legislative Assembly
of Alberta
, Canada
.
The Electoral District is named after historical Fort Calgary
.
The district lies in the Central SE of the city.
The first election in Calgary Fort was held in 1997, it was created out of Calgary East
. The Riding covers some of the cities older blue collar neighborhoods including Forest Lawn, Dover, Inglewood, Lynwood Ridge, Ogden, Erinwoods and the Foothills Industrial Park. The riding is largely broken with three distinct residential sections surrounded by industrial areas.
The riding has suffered from a number of environmental problems in recent years caused by heavy industry. Soil contamination
from the old oil refinery in Lynwood Ridge has created a ghost town of houses in limbo. Canadian Pacific Railway
has also been to blame for heavy soil contamination affecting residents along the tracks in Ogden by a chemical known as Trichloroethylene
used as a track degreaser. In 1999 the Hub Oil refinery just east of Erin Woods exploded
raining contamination on the neighborhood. The riding also has a quarantined site where the Inglewood Refinery used to be for soil contamination problems.
The riding has been a Progressive Conservative strong hold since its creation in 1997 and only held by Wayne Cao
, however support dipped in the last election. The Liberals have managed to finish second in every election, but have lost significant votes in the last two. No candidate has run more than once to oppose the incumbent.
Cao would run for his second term in 2001 and win a landslide victory winning almost 69% of the popular vote over a crowded field of eight candidates. He was re-elected in 2004 with a significantly reduced margin of victory taking just over half the popular vote.
Cao stood for a fourth term in the 2008 election and for the first time since 1997 he won less than half of the popular vote in one of the lowest voter turnout races in the province.
Voters had the option of selecting 4 Candidates on the Ballot
On November 19, 2004 a Student Vote was conducted at participating Alberta schools to parallel the 2004 Alberta general election results. The vote was designed to educate students and simulate the electoral process for persons who have not yet reached the legal majority. The vote was conducted in 80 of the 83 provincial electoral districts with students voting for actual election candidates. Schools with a large student body that reside in another electoral district had the option to vote for candidates outside of the electoral district then where they were physically located.
Provinces and territories of Canada
The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second-largest country by area. There are ten provinces and three territories...
electoral district
Electoral district
An electoral district is a distinct territorial subdivision for holding a separate election for one or more seats in a legislative body...
for the Legislative Assembly
Legislative Assembly of Alberta
The Legislative Assembly of Alberta is one of two components of the Legislature of Alberta, the other being the Queen, represented by the Lieutenant-Governor of Alberta. The Alberta legislature meets in the Alberta Legislature Building in the provincial capital, Edmonton...
of Alberta
Alberta
Alberta is a province of Canada. It had an estimated population of 3.7 million in 2010 making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces...
, Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
.
The Electoral District is named after historical Fort Calgary
Fort Calgary
Fort Calgary was established in 1875 as Fort Brisebois by the North-West Mounted Police, located at the confluence of the Bow and Elbow rivers in what is now Calgary, Alberta.-History:...
.
The district lies in the Central SE of the city.
The first election in Calgary Fort was held in 1997, it was created out of Calgary East
Calgary East (provincial electoral district)
Calgary-East formally styled Calgary East is a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada. The district is mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta....
. The Riding covers some of the cities older blue collar neighborhoods including Forest Lawn, Dover, Inglewood, Lynwood Ridge, Ogden, Erinwoods and the Foothills Industrial Park. The riding is largely broken with three distinct residential sections surrounded by industrial areas.
The riding has suffered from a number of environmental problems in recent years caused by heavy industry. Soil contamination
Soil contamination
Soil contamination or soil pollution is caused by the presence of xenobiotic chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment....
from the old oil refinery in Lynwood Ridge has created a ghost town of houses in limbo. Canadian Pacific Railway
Canadian Pacific Railway
The Canadian Pacific Railway , formerly also known as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996, is a historic Canadian Class I railway founded in 1881 and now operated by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited, which began operations as legal owner in a corporate restructuring in 2001...
has also been to blame for heavy soil contamination affecting residents along the tracks in Ogden by a chemical known as Trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene
The chemical compound trichloroethylene is a chlorinated hydrocarbon commonly used as an industrial solvent. It is a clear non-flammable liquid with a sweet smell. It should not be confused with the similar 1,1,1-trichloroethane, which is commonly known as chlorothene.The IUPAC name is...
used as a track degreaser. In 1999 the Hub Oil refinery just east of Erin Woods exploded
Hub Oil explosion
The Hub Oil explosion was an industrial accident that took place on August 9, 1999 in Calgary, Alberta and caused two fatalities. The Hub Oil refinery was located at 5805 17th Ave...
raining contamination on the neighborhood. The riding also has a quarantined site where the Inglewood Refinery used to be for soil contamination problems.
The riding has been a Progressive Conservative strong hold since its creation in 1997 and only held by Wayne Cao
Wayne Cao
Wayne Cao is a Canadian politician and current member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, where he represents the district of Calgary-Fort as a Progressive Conservative. He was first elected in the 1997 provincial election and has been re-elected four times since...
, however support dipped in the last election. The Liberals have managed to finish second in every election, but have lost significant votes in the last two. No candidate has run more than once to oppose the incumbent.
Boundary history
| 11 Calgary-Fort 2003 Boundaries | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Bordering Districts | |||
| North | East | West | South |
| Calgary-Mountain View, Calgary-East, Calgary-Montrose | Airdrie-Chestermere Airdrie-Chestermere Airdrie-Chestermere is a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada. It is mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first past the post method of voting.... |
Calgary-Buffalo, Calgary-Egmont | Calgary-Egmont, Calgary-Hays |
| riding map goes here | map in relation to other districts in Alberta goes here | ||
| Legal description from the Statutes of Alberta 2003, Electoral Divisions Act. | |||
| Starting at the intersection of the left bank of the Elbow River with the right bank of the Bow River; then 1. southeast along the right bank of the Bow River to the westerly extension of 26 Avenue SE; 2. east along the extension and 26 Avenue SE to 36 Street SE; 3. north along 36 Street SE to 8 Avenue SE; 4. east along 8 Avenue SE to 52 Street SE; 5. south along 52 Street SE to 17 Avenue SE; 6. east along 17 Avenue SE to the east Calgary city boundary; 7. south along the east Calgary city boundary to Glenmore Trail SE; 8. west and northwest along Glenmore Trail SE to the right bank of the Bow River; 9. north along the right bank of the Bow River to the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) line; 10. in a north westerly direction along the CPR line to the left bank of the Elbow River; 11. downstream along the left bank of the Elbow River to the starting point. | |||
| Note: | |||
| Members of the Legislative Assembly for Calgary-Fort | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assembly | Years | Member | Party | |
| See Calgary-East 1993-1997 | ||||
| 24th 24th Alberta Legislative Assembly The members of the 24th Alberta Legislative Assembly were elected in the general election held in 1997.On March 12, 2001, the 25th Alberta general election was held to elect the next legislature.-Party standings after the 24th General Election:... |
1997–2001 | Wayne Cao Wayne Cao Wayne Cao is a Canadian politician and current member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, where he represents the district of Calgary-Fort as a Progressive Conservative. He was first elected in the 1997 provincial election and has been re-elected four times since... |
Progressive Conservative Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta The Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta is a provincial centre-right party in the Canadian province of Alberta... |
|
| 25th 25th Alberta Legislative Assembly The members of the 25th Alberta Legislative Assembly were elected in the general election held on March 12, 2001 and, with the exception of the three MLAs listed below, held their seats until dissolution of the legislature on October 25, 2004.... |
2001–2004 | |||
| 26th 26th Alberta Legislative Assembly The members of the 26th Legislature were elected in the 26th Alberta general election held on November 22, 2004. In the list below, cabinet members' names are bolded; leaders of official parties are italicized.-Party standings after 26th General... |
2004–2008 | |||
| 27th 27th Alberta Legislative Assembly The 27th Alberta Legislative Assembly was constituted after the 2008 Alberta general election on March 3, 2008. The Progressive Conservatives led by Premier Ed Stelmach increased the size of his majority.-Election aftermath:... |
2008–present | |||
Electoral history
The electoral district of Calgary-Fort was created in the boundary redistribution of 1997. The district covers central south east Calgary and was carved primarily from Calgary-East. Progressive Conservative Wayne Cao won the district in the first election held in 1997 with just under half the popular vote.Cao would run for his second term in 2001 and win a landslide victory winning almost 69% of the popular vote over a crowded field of eight candidates. He was re-elected in 2004 with a significantly reduced margin of victory taking just over half the popular vote.
Cao stood for a fourth term in the 2008 election and for the first time since 1997 he won less than half of the popular vote in one of the lowest voter turnout races in the province.
1997 general election
| 1997 Alberta general election Alberta general election, 1997 The Alberta general election of 1997 was the twenty-fourth general election for the Province of Alberta, Canada. It was held on March 11, 1997 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.... results |
Turnout 41.40% | Swing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Affiliation | Candidate | Votes | % | Party | Personal |
Progressive Conservative Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta The Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta is a provincial centre-right party in the Canadian province of Alberta... |
Wayne Cao Wayne Cao Wayne Cao is a Canadian politician and current member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, where he represents the district of Calgary-Fort as a Progressive Conservative. He was first elected in the 1997 provincial election and has been re-elected four times since... |
4,410 | 48.82% | * |
Liberal Alberta Liberal Party The Alberta Liberal Party is a provincial political party in Alberta, Canada. Originally founded in 1905, when the province was created, it was the dominant political party until 1921 when it was defeated. It has never been in government since that time... |
Shirley-Anne Reuben | 2,817 | 31.18% | * |
Social Credit Social Credit Party of Alberta The Alberta Social Credit Party is a provincial political party in Alberta, Canada, that was founded on the social credit monetary policy and conservative Christian social values.... |
Bren Blanchet | 916 | 10.14% | * |
NDP Alberta New Democratic Party The Alberta New Democratic Party or Alberta NDP is a social-democratic political party in Alberta, Canada, which was originally founded as the Alberta section of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation... |
Ken Sahil | 891 | 9.86% | * | |||||
| Total | 9,034 | 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rejected, Spoiled and Declined | 53 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 21,947 Eligible Electors |
Progressive Conservative pickup new district | Swing N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2001 general election
| 2001 Alberta general election Alberta general election, 2001 The Alberta general election of 2001 was the twenty-fifth general election for the Province of Alberta, Canada. It was held on March 12, 2001 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.... results |
Turnout 43.19% | Swing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Affiliation | Candidate | Votes | % | Party | Personal |
Progressive Conservative Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta The Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta is a provincial centre-right party in the Canadian province of Alberta... |
Wayne Cao Wayne Cao Wayne Cao is a Canadian politician and current member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, where he represents the district of Calgary-Fort as a Progressive Conservative. He was first elected in the 1997 provincial election and has been re-elected four times since... |
6,740 | 68.38% | 19.56% |
Liberal Alberta Liberal Party The Alberta Liberal Party is a provincial political party in Alberta, Canada. Originally founded in 1905, when the province was created, it was the dominant political party until 1921 when it was defeated. It has never been in government since that time... |
Brian Huskins | 2,004 | 20.39% | -10.79% | * |
NDP Alberta New Democratic Party The Alberta New Democratic Party or Alberta NDP is a social-democratic political party in Alberta, Canada, which was originally founded as the Alberta section of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation... |
Vinay Dey | 501 | 5.10% | -4.76% | * |
Social Credit Social Credit Party of Alberta The Alberta Social Credit Party is a provincial political party in Alberta, Canada, that was founded on the social credit monetary policy and conservative Christian social values.... |
Raymond Hurst | 160 | 1.61% | -8.53% | * |
Green Green Party of Alberta The Green Party of Alberta, also known as the Alberta Greens, was a provincial political party in the province of Alberta, Canada.The Alberta Greens were formed in 1986 and received official party status on April 6, 1990... |
Michael Alvarez-Toye | 121 | 1.27% | * |
Independent | Metro Demchynski | 102 | 1.04% | * |
Independent | Brian Slater | 100 | 1.02% | * |
Alberta First Alberta First Party The Alberta First Party was a right-wing political party that operated in Alberta, Canada from 1999 until 2003. It was founded by former members of the Social Credit Party of Alberta. The party was registered with Elections Alberta on November 2, 1999... |
Wyatt McIntyre | 99 | 1.01% | * | ||||||
| Total | 9,827 | 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rejected, Spoiled and Declined | 56 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 22,882 Eligible Electors |
Progressive Conservative hold | Swing 15.18% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2004 general election
| 2004 Alberta general election Alberta general election, 2004 The Alberta general election of 2004 was the twenty-sixth general election for the province of Alberta, Canada. It was held on November 22, 2004 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.... results |
Turnout 33.42% | Swing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Affiliation | Candidate | Votes | % | Party | Personal |
Progressive Conservative Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta The Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta is a provincial centre-right party in the Canadian province of Alberta... |
Wayne Cao Wayne Cao Wayne Cao is a Canadian politician and current member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, where he represents the district of Calgary-Fort as a Progressive Conservative. He was first elected in the 1997 provincial election and has been re-elected four times since... |
4,139 | 53.89% | -14.49% |
Liberal Alberta Liberal Party The Alberta Liberal Party is a provincial political party in Alberta, Canada. Originally founded in 1905, when the province was created, it was the dominant political party until 1921 when it was defeated. It has never been in government since that time... |
Gerry Hart | 1,786 | 23.25% | 2.86% | * |
NDP Alberta New Democratic Party The Alberta New Democratic Party or Alberta NDP is a social-democratic political party in Alberta, Canada, which was originally founded as the Alberta section of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation... |
Elizabeth Thomas | 584 | 7.60% | 2.50% | * |
Alberta Alliance Alberta Alliance Party The Alberta Alliance was a right wing provincial political party in Alberta, Canada. Many of its members were former supporters of the now-defunct Canadian Alliance federal political party and its predecessor, the Reform Party of Canada. Members also joined from such other provincial fringe parties... |
Travis Chase | 524 | 6.82% | * |
Green Green Party of Alberta The Green Party of Alberta, also known as the Alberta Greens, was a provincial political party in the province of Alberta, Canada.The Alberta Greens were formed in 1986 and received official party status on April 6, 1990... |
Tyler Charkie | 439 | 5.72% | 4.45% | * |
Separation Separation Party of Alberta The Separation Party of Alberta is a political party that advocates the secession of Alberta from Canada. Its leader is Bruce Hutton.-History:... |
Leo Ollenberger | 211 | 2.72% | 1.71%1 | * | |||
| Total | 7,681 | 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rejected, Spoiled and Declined | 95 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 23,271 Eligible Electors |
Progressive Conservative hold | Swing -8.68% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Results change compared to Alberta First Party in the 2001 general election.
2004 Senate nominee election district results
| 2004 Senate nominee election results Alberta Senate nominee election, 2004 The 3rd Alberta Senate nominee election was held on November 22, 2004 in conjunction with the Alberta general election, 2004. Alberta is the only Canadian province to elect nominees for the Senate of Canada.-Background:... : Calgary-Fort |
Turnout 33.21% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Affiliation | Candidate | Votes | % Votes | % Ballots | Rank |
Progressive Conservative Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta The Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta is a provincial centre-right party in the Canadian province of Alberta... |
Bert Brown Bert Brown For the English footballer Bert Brown, see Sailor BrownBert Brown is a Canadian Senator and retired farmer and development consultant currently residing in Balzac, Alberta.-Early life:... |
3,587 | 16.92% | 52.83% | 1 |
Progressive Conservative | Betty Unger Betty Unger Betty E. Unger is a Canadian politician and a Progressive Conservative Senator in waiting from Alberta, Canada. Unger owned and operated a successful Alberta nursing services company for many years.... |
2,797 | 13.19% | 41.23% | 2 |
Progressive Conservative | Jim Silye Jim Silye Jim Silye is a Canadian politician, businessman, and former professional football player for the Canadian Football League.... |
2,665 | 12.57% | 39.28% | 5 |
Progressive Conservative | Cliff Breitkreuz Cliff Breitkreuz Clifford N. Breitkreuz . He was raised on a farm and lived there until he left to earn his university degrees . In 1967 he returned to farming, and started teaching at Onoway Junior/Senior High School not long after that... |
2,274 | 10.73% | 33.52% | 3 |
Progressive Conservative | David Usherwood | 2,028 | 9.57% | 29.89% | 6 |
Independent | Link Byfield Link Byfield -Columnist and Writer:Byfield was editor and publisher for the now defunct Alberta Report magazine for 18 years. He is the son of conservative columnist Ted Byfield... |
1,869 | 8.82% | 27.55% | 4 |
Independent | Tom Sindlinger Tom Sindlinger Tom Sindlinger is a politician in Alberta, Canada, and former member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.Tom Sindlinger was elected as a member for the district of Calgary-Buffalo in the 1979 for the Progressive Conservatives. He disagreed with his party on matters relating to the Heritage Trust... |
1,511 | 7.13% | 22.27% | 9 |
Alberta Alliance Alberta Alliance Party The Alberta Alliance was a right wing provincial political party in Alberta, Canada. Many of its members were former supporters of the now-defunct Canadian Alliance federal political party and its predecessor, the Reform Party of Canada. Members also joined from such other provincial fringe parties... |
Vance Gough | 1,509 | 7.12% | 22.24% | 8 |
Alberta Alliance | Michael Roth | 1,491 | 7.03% | 21.98% | 7 |
Alberta Alliance | Gary Horan | 1,470 | 6.92% | 21.67% | 10 | |
| Total Votes | 21,201 | 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Ballots | 6,784 | 3.13 Votes Per Ballot | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rejected, Spoiled and Declined | 945 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 23,271 Eligible Electors | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Voters had the option of selecting 4 Candidates on the Ballot
2008 general election
| 2008 Alberta general election results | Turnout 28.68% | Swing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Affiliation | Candidate | Votes | % | Party | Personal |
Progressive Conservative Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta The Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta is a provincial centre-right party in the Canadian province of Alberta... |
Wayne Cao Wayne Cao Wayne Cao is a Canadian politician and current member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, where he represents the district of Calgary-Fort as a Progressive Conservative. He was first elected in the 1997 provincial election and has been re-elected four times since... |
4,123 | 49.81% | -4.08% |
Liberal Alberta Liberal Party The Alberta Liberal Party is a provincial political party in Alberta, Canada. Originally founded in 1905, when the province was created, it was the dominant political party until 1921 when it was defeated. It has never been in government since that time... |
Carole Oliver | 1,770 | 21.39% | -1.86 | * |
NDP Alberta New Democratic Party The Alberta New Democratic Party or Alberta NDP is a social-democratic political party in Alberta, Canada, which was originally founded as the Alberta section of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation... |
Julie Hrdlicka | 1,178 | 14.23% | 6.63% | * |
Wildrose Alliance Wildrose Alliance Party of Alberta The Wildrose Party, formerly Wildrose Alliance Party, is a conservative provincial political party in Alberta, Canada. It includes free market conservative, libertarian and socially conservative factions and was formed in 2008 following a merger of the Wildrose Party of Alberta and the Alberta... |
Travis Chase | 715 | 8.64% | 1.82% |
Green Green Party of Alberta The Green Party of Alberta, also known as the Alberta Greens, was a provincial political party in the province of Alberta, Canada.The Alberta Greens were formed in 1986 and received official party status on April 6, 1990... |
Mark Taylor | 491 | 5.93% | 0.21% | * | |||
| Total | 8,277 | 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rejected, Spoiled and Declined | 32 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 28,974 Eligible Electors |
Progressive Conservative hold | Swing -2.97% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alberta Student Vote 2004
| Participating Schools |
|---|
| Ian Bazalgette Jr. High School |
| Sherwood School |
On November 19, 2004 a Student Vote was conducted at participating Alberta schools to parallel the 2004 Alberta general election results. The vote was designed to educate students and simulate the electoral process for persons who have not yet reached the legal majority. The vote was conducted in 80 of the 83 provincial electoral districts with students voting for actual election candidates. Schools with a large student body that reside in another electoral district had the option to vote for candidates outside of the electoral district then where they were physically located.
| 2004 Alberta Student Vote results | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Affiliation | Candidate | Votes | % |
Progressive Conservative Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta The Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta is a provincial centre-right party in the Canadian province of Alberta... |
Wayne Cao Wayne Cao Wayne Cao is a Canadian politician and current member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, where he represents the district of Calgary-Fort as a Progressive Conservative. He was first elected in the 1997 provincial election and has been re-elected four times since... |
53 | 38.13% |
Green Green Party of Alberta The Green Party of Alberta, also known as the Alberta Greens, was a provincial political party in the province of Alberta, Canada.The Alberta Greens were formed in 1986 and received official party status on April 6, 1990... |
Tyler Charkie | 40 | 28.78% |
Liberal Alberta Liberal Party The Alberta Liberal Party is a provincial political party in Alberta, Canada. Originally founded in 1905, when the province was created, it was the dominant political party until 1921 when it was defeated. It has never been in government since that time... |
Gerry Hart | 25 | 17.99% |
Alberta Alliance Alberta Alliance Party The Alberta Alliance was a right wing provincial political party in Alberta, Canada. Many of its members were former supporters of the now-defunct Canadian Alliance federal political party and its predecessor, the Reform Party of Canada. Members also joined from such other provincial fringe parties... |
Travis Chase | 8 | 5.75% |
Separation Separation Party of Alberta The Separation Party of Alberta is a political party that advocates the secession of Alberta from Canada. Its leader is Bruce Hutton.-History:... |
Leo Ollenberger | 7 | 5.04% |
NDP Alberta New Democratic Party The Alberta New Democratic Party or Alberta NDP is a social-democratic political party in Alberta, Canada, which was originally founded as the Alberta section of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation... |
Elizabeth Thomas | 6 | 4.31% | |
| Total | 139 | 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rejected, Spoiled and Declined | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||