Bucherer-Bergs reaction
Overview
 
The Bucherer–Bergs reaction is the chemical reaction
Chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Chemical reactions can be either spontaneous, requiring no input of energy, or non-spontaneous, typically following the input of some type of energy, such as heat, light or electricity...

 of carbonyl
Carbonyl
In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C=O. It is common to several classes of organic compounds, as part of many larger functional groups....

 compounds (aldehydes or ketones) or cyanohydrin
Cyanohydrin
A cyanohydrin is a functional group found in organic compounds. Cyanohydrins have the formula R2CCN, where R is H, alkyl, or aryl. Cyanohydrins are industrially important precursors to carboxylic acids and some amino acids...

s with ammonium carbonate
Ammonium carbonate
Ammonium carbonate is a commercial salt with the chemical formula 2CO3. It is used when crushed as a smelling salt. It can be crushed when needed in order to revive someone who has fainted...

 and potassium cyanide
Potassium cyanide
Potassium cyanide is an inorganic compound with the formula KCN. This colorless crystalline compound, similar in appearance to sugar, is highly soluble in water. Most KCN is used in gold mining, organic synthesis, and electroplating. Smaller applications include jewelry for chemical gilding and...

 to give hydantoin
Hydantoin
Hydantoin, which is also known as glycolylurea, is a heterocyclic organic compound that can be thought of as a cyclic "double-condensation reaction" product of glycolic acid and urea...

s. The reaction is named after Hans Theodor Bucherer
Hans Theodor Bucherer
Hans Theodor Bucherer was a German chemist and gave name to several chemical reactions, for example the Bucherer carbazole synthesis, the Bucherer reaction, and the Bucherer–Bergs reaction-Life:...

.

Overall Reaction
The addition of KCN to the carbonyl compound gives rise to the cyanohydrin
Cyanohydrin
A cyanohydrin is a functional group found in organic compounds. Cyanohydrins have the formula R2CCN, where R is H, alkyl, or aryl. Cyanohydrins are industrially important precursors to carboxylic acids and some amino acids...

. This is followed by an SN2 reaction with NH3 to form aminonitrile. Nucleophilic addition of aminonitrile to CO2 leads to cyano-carbamic acid, which undergoes an intramolecular ring closing to 5-imino-oxazolidin-2-one.
Quotations

He is great! Geez, that old fat man. Look at the way he moves, like a dancer... And those fingers, them chubby fingers. And that stroke, it's like he's, uh, like he's playin' a violin or somethin.'

[After discovering that Charlie kept some money from him] With that fifteen hundred, I could have beat him. That's all I needed, Charlie... You'd love to keep me hustlin' for ya, huh, wouldn't ya? I mean, a couple more years with me scufflin' around in them little towns and those back alleys, you might make yourself enough to get a little pool room back in Oakland, six tables and a handbook on the side... Lay down and die by yourself.

Now why did I do it, Sarah, why did I do it? I could've beat that guy, I could've beat him cold. He never would have known. But I just had to show him. Just had to show those creeps and those punks what the game is like when it's great, when it's really great. You know, like anything can be great, anything can be great. I don't care — brick-laying can be great if a guy knows. If he knows what he's doin' and why and if he can make it come off.

A motion picture that probes the stranger... the pick-up... why a man hustles for a buck or a place in the sun!

They called him "Fast Eddie"... He was a winner... He was a loser... He was a hustler.

Only the angel who falls knows the depths of hell.

It delves without compromise into the hungers that lie deep within us all.

Trapped by the underworld . . . they risked love and fortune in a desperate gamble!

 
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