Broumov
Encyclopedia
Broumov (ˈbrou̯mof; ) is a town in the Czech Republic
, in the Náchod District
of the Hradec Králové Region
near the Polish
border. The municipality at the small Stěnava River is the center of the Broumovsko area, along with the adjacent Adršpach-Teplice Rocks
, a protected area popular with mountain climbers.
abbey of Břevnov
in Prague
, to which King Ottokar I of Bohemia
had granted the area. The settlement arose around a former provostry and became a principal site of textile manufacture. After a fire in 1306 it was largely rebuilt, including the monastery and city walls finished in 1380. The medieval church of Panna Marie (the Virgin Mary), however, survived the fire, and is the oldest extant wooden church in the Czech Republic
, dating back to the 12th century; the building is still in use.
Strongly tied to Břevnov Abbey, Broumov suffered greatly in the Hussite Wars
and in the Thirty Years' War
, after which the monastery was rebuilt in a Baroque
style to plans by Christoph Dientzenhofer, continued by his son, Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer.
Pursuant to the Beneš decrees
, the German-speaking population was expelled, including the abbey's monks, who reestablished the Braunau in Rohr Abbey
in Bavaria
. The Broumov monastery was finally abolished in 1950.
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
, in the Náchod District
Náchod District
Náchod District is a district within Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. Its administrative center is the town of Náchod.-Complete list of towns and villages:Náchod -Adršpach -Bezděkov nad Metují -Bohuslavice -Borová -Božanov -...
of the Hradec Králové Region
Hradec Králové Region
Hradec Králové Region is an administrative unit of the Czech Republic, located in the north-eastern part of its historical region of Bohemia. It is named after its capital Hradec Králové....
near the Polish
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
border. The municipality at the small Stěnava River is the center of the Broumovsko area, along with the adjacent Adršpach-Teplice Rocks
Adršpach-Teplice Rocks
The Adršpach-Teplice Rocks are an unusual set of sandstone formations covering 17 km² in northeastern Bohemia, Czech Republic.They are named after two nearby municipalities: Adršpach, and Teplice nad Metují....
, a protected area popular with mountain climbers.
History
The town was established in 1256 by the BenedictineOrder of Saint Benedict
The Order of Saint Benedict is a Roman Catholic religious order of independent monastic communities that observe the Rule of St. Benedict. Within the order, each individual community maintains its own autonomy, while the organization as a whole exists to represent their mutual interests...
abbey of Břevnov
Brevnov Monastery
Břevnov Monastery is a Benedictine monastery in Břevnov, Prague. It was founded by Prince Boleslav II and Saint Adalbert, bishop of Prague in 993 AD....
in Prague
Prague
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
, to which King Ottokar I of Bohemia
Ottokar I of Bohemia
-External links:...
had granted the area. The settlement arose around a former provostry and became a principal site of textile manufacture. After a fire in 1306 it was largely rebuilt, including the monastery and city walls finished in 1380. The medieval church of Panna Marie (the Virgin Mary), however, survived the fire, and is the oldest extant wooden church in the Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
, dating back to the 12th century; the building is still in use.
Strongly tied to Břevnov Abbey, Broumov suffered greatly in the Hussite Wars
Hussite Wars
The Hussite Wars, also called the Bohemian Wars involved the military actions against and amongst the followers of Jan Hus in Bohemia in the period 1419 to circa 1434. The Hussite Wars were notable for the extensive use of early hand-held gunpowder weapons such as hand cannons...
and in the Thirty Years' War
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most countries in Europe. It was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history....
, after which the monastery was rebuilt in a Baroque
Baroque architecture
Baroque architecture is a term used to describe the building style of the Baroque era, begun in late sixteenth century Italy, that took the Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical and theatrical fashion, often to express the triumph of the Catholic Church and...
style to plans by Christoph Dientzenhofer, continued by his son, Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer.
Pursuant to the Beneš decrees
Beneš decrees
Decrees of the President of the Republic , more commonly known as the Beneš decrees, were a series of laws that were drafted by the Czechoslovak Government-in-Exile in the absence of the Czechoslovak parliament during the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in World War II and issued by President...
, the German-speaking population was expelled, including the abbey's monks, who reestablished the Braunau in Rohr Abbey
Braunau in Rohr Abbey
Braunau in Rohr Abbey is a Benedictine monastery, formerly Rohr Abbey, a monastery of the Augustinian Canons, in Rohr in Niederbayern in the district of Kelheim in Bavaria, Germany.-Rohr Abbey: First foundation:...
in Bavaria
Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany...
. The Broumov monastery was finally abolished in 1950.
Notable people
- Paul von HindenburgPaul von HindenburgPaul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg , known universally as Paul von Hindenburg was a Prussian-German field marshal, statesman, and politician, and served as the second President of Germany from 1925 to 1934....
, who passed through Broumov during the Austro-Prussian WarAustro-Prussian WarThe Austro-Prussian War was a war fought in 1866 between the German Confederation under the leadership of the Austrian Empire and its German allies on one side and the Kingdom of Prussia with its German allies and Italy on the...
, sometimes referred to Adolf HitlerAdolf HitlerAdolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party , commonly referred to as the Nazi Party). He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and head of state from 1934 to 1945...
as "the Bohemian corporal"—deliberately or not, confusing Broumov (in German, "Braunau") with Hitler's birthplace, Braunau am InnBraunau am InnBraunau am Inn is a town in the Innviertel region of Upper Austria , the north-western state of Austria. It lies about 90 km west of Linz and about 60 km north of Salzburg, on the border with the German state of Bavaria. The population in 2001 was 16,372...
. - Alois JirásekAlois JirásekAlois Jirásek was a Czech writer, author of historical novels and plays. Jirásek was a secondary-school teacher until his retirement in 1909. He wrote a series of historical novels imbued with faith in his nation and in progress toward freedom and justice...
, writer, born August 23, 1851, at HronovHronovHronov is a town in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has around 6,500 inhabitants. It is located near the Polish border. The Festival of amateur theatre Jiráskův Hronov takes part here every year...
, died March 12, 1930, at PraguePraguePrague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
, attended school at Broumov Abbey. - Józef KasparekJózef KasparekJózef Kasparek was a Polish lawyer, historian and political scientist.Until World War II he lived in southeastern Poland , in an area that is now in western Ukraine.-Early years:...
, PolishPolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
historian, born in 1915 at Broumov. - Amadeus WebersinkeAmadeus WebersinkeAmadeus Webersinke was a German pianist and organist.He studied from 1938 to 1940 at the Institut für Kirchenmusik in Leipzig with Karl Straube, Johann Nepomuk David, and Otto Weinreich. He was a lecturer from 1946 and a professor from 1953 for piano at the Felix Mendelssohn College of Music and...
, pianist, born November 1, 1920, in Broumov, died May 15, 2005, at DresdenDresdenDresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area....
. - Jiří PetrJirí PetrJiří Petr, Prof., DrSc. Dr.h.c. is a Czech Agroscientist, University Professor and Emeritus Chancellor of the Czech University of Agriculture Prague.-Biography:Petr was born on May 13, 1931 Hradec Králové, Czechoslovakia...
, agroscientist, born May 13, 1931, at Hradec KrálovéHradec KrálovéHradec Králové is a city of the Czech Republic, in the Hradec Králové Region of Bohemia. The city's economy is based on food-processing technology, photochemical, and electronics manufacture. Traditional industries include musical instrument manufacturing – the best known being PETROF pianos...
, attended school at Broumov. - Christian FeestChristian FeestChristian Feest , is an Austrian ethnologist and ethnohistorian.Feest specialized in the Native Americans of the Northeast and in the Native American anthropology of art...
, ethnologist, born July 20, 1945, in Broumov.