British Columbia Teachers' Federation
Encyclopedia
The British Columbia Teachers' Federation (BCTF) is the labour union that represents all public school teachers in the province of British Columbia
, Canada
.
Members
Members of the BCTF ultimately determine the decisions and directions of the BCTF in two very important ways:
Locals
Locals are responsible for acting on behalf of members regarding local matters. Members in locals elect their local president and executive which guide the affairs of the local.
Annual General Meeting
The Annual General Meeting is of delegates and local representatives elected by members through locals and the eleven members of the Executive Committee. There are approximately 670 voting delegates at an Annual General Meeting. The AGM elects the Executive Committee, determines the fee, approves any changes to the by-laws, establishes priorities for the next year and makes the significant policy decisions of the Federation.
Constitution and By-laws
The Constitution and By-laws establish the rules by which the organization is run. The by-laws establish the division of responsibilities among the major decision making bodies and spell out what each level of decision making is authorized to do. The by-laws of the BCTF have to be followed by all bodies of the organization, including the AGM. Only the AGM can amend the by-laws, and only then with a 75% majority of delegates voting in favour.
Representative Assembly
The Representative Assembly meets three times a year and has the specific responsibilities of approving a budget and electing the Judicial Council and Committee of Ombudspersons. The RA also makes policy and procedure decisions for the Federation.
Executive Committee
The Executive Committee (EC) of the BCTF is elected by the AGM and consists of eleven members. Three of them serve in a full-time capacity: the President, First Vice-President and Second Vice-President. The EC has overall responsibility for the running of the Federation. It meets monthly with additional meetings as necessary. The EC is the employer of BCTF staff and determines what work will be done in any given year. The EC also has responsibility for the creation and appointment of any advisory committees or task forces.
President
The President of the Federation has responsibility for overall supervision of the affairs of the organization in between meetings of the Executive Committee.
The first Annual General Meeting was held in Vancouver at King Edward High School on January 4, 1917. Mr. J.G. Lister was elected as the first president. The original objectives adopted at this meeting guide the organization to this day:
The British Columbia Teachers’ Federation was incorporated under the Friendly Societies Act of British Columbia on July 12, 1919, with Mr. Harry Charlesworth as president. In 1920, Mr. Charlesworth became the first General Secretary of the Federation and its first paid employee. He served in this capacity with distinction until his death in 1944. Charlesworth also helped to found the Canadian Teachers’ Federation in 1920 and served as its first president.
In 1919, the BCTF launched The Educator, which became The Teacher two years later. This has remained the primary publication of the BCTF.
BCTF prompting led to the first major examination of education in the province, the Putnam-Weir report of 1925. The report, titled Survey of the School System, notably led to the creation of junior high schools in British Columbia.
In 1929, BCTF lobbying resulted in the Teachers’ Pension Act, which established years of service and contribution level as the bases for pensions.
The Sick Benefit Fund was established in 1939 to assist teachers who were ill and had run out of sick leave. This program is now known as the Salary Indemnity Plan.
The BCTF Code of Ethics was adopted in 1943.
Statutory compulsory membership was granted to the BCTF by the provincial government in 1947.
In 1954 Hilda Cryderman was elected as the first female president of the BCTF.
The mid-1950s saw the end of discrimination in salary scales against female teachers and the elimination of differences in pay for teachers in elementary, junior secondary and senior secondary schools. Subsequently, only qualifications and years of teaching experience would determine a teacher’s salary.
Provincial Specialist Associations (PSAs) were created in 1957. These associations are intended to give members a place to exchange ideas on research, teaching strategies, curriculum development, and other shared interests.
In 1970, the BCTF Task Force on the Status of Women resulted in the creation of the Status of Women action group in 1973.
The first province-wide strike occurred on March 19, 1971, when teachers protested the government’s refusal to improve the pensions of retirees.
In 1971 the government eliminated compulsory BCTF membership for teachers. The BCTF engineered a voluntary sign-up of all but 69 of the 22,000 teachers in the province. Compulsory membership was reinstated by legislation in 1973.
In November 1983, teachers participated in a three day withdrawal of service in concert with other unions as part of the Operation Solidarity movement.
In 1987 government again ended compulsory membership as part of a larger package of legislation. 99% of teachers voluntarily signed up with the BCTF in a major certification sign up campaign. This legislation also created the British Columbia College of Teachers
and removed principals and vice-principals from the teacher bargaining unit.
The 1994 Public Sector Labour Relations Act established a provincial bargaining structure in which the BCTF became the bargaining agent for teachers and the British Columbia Public School Employers’ Association (BCPSEA) became the bargaining agency for trustees. Only one contract has been negotiated under this structure; all others have required government intervention.
In 2001, the BC Liberal government removed the right to strike by passing essential services legislation. In January 2002, the same provincial government stripped all class-size, staffing, and workload provisions from the provincial and local agreements. Most of the provisions guaranteeing support for students with special needs were also eliminated.
In the fall of 2005, the BCTF engaged in a two-week strike in response to the government’s imposition of another contract. This strike was deemed to be illegal by the British Columbia courts.
Negotiations have been ongoing between the teachers and the BCPSEA since the previous contract expired in June 2004 without resolution. Relations between the BCTF and the BC Liberal government have been acrimonious with the government’s policy of wage freezes and the BCTF’s negative advertising campaign during the May 2001 election
. After winning, the BC Liberals made good on an election promise
to make public education an essential service
, limiting the level of job action the BCTF could take during a collective bargaining
dispute.
Without a contract at the beginning of the new school year, negotiations soured and an agreement was unlikely. To pressure the BCPSEA and the government to capitulate on wage and classroom size demands, on September 27, over 88% of 31,740 teachers voted to begin job action by withdrawing supervisory and administrative duties. Without successful contract negotiation, more severe action would begin October 11.
With negotiations derailed and a strike
imminent, the government introduced legislation on October 5 to extend the previous contract through the end of the current school year in June 2006, at which time the across the board wage freeze would be revisited. After a filibuster
by the Official opposition BC NDP, Bill 12 passed on October 7. Furthermore, the BCPSEA successfully applied to the British Columbia Labour Relations Board (BCLRB) to deem any strike action illegal.
The BCTF held an emergency vote to carry out the strike despite the BCLRB ruling, with 90.5% of the participating members voting in favour of proceeding with protest action.
The BCTF began its illegal strike on October 7, 2005. It maintains that breaking the law for a just cause (having its collective bargaining rights limited and a contract imposed) is acceptable. Critics of the BCTF claim the illegal job action sets a bad example for the very children they teach. The job action is illegal because teaching in British Columbia is considered an essential service, and teachers are not allowed to strike. The BCTF, however, maintains that under the provisions of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the non-binding decisions of the United Nations International Labour Organization
, education is not an essential service and they have the right to political protest.
Following the strike action, the BCPSEA filed a complaint in the BC Supreme Court
on October 6 to find the BCTF in contempt of court
, and on October 9 Madame Justice Brenda Brown declared the BCTF in contempt, ordering teachers to return to work October 11.
On October 12, a small number of defiant teachers began crossing picket lines and returned to work.
As a result of the continuing defiance of her court order, Madame Justice Brenda Brown on October 13 ordered the BCTF to cease paying strike pay to its members or use its funds to prolong the strike. Regardless, the BCTF remained on the picket line.
On October 17, the BC Federation of Labour spearheaded a major labour shutdown of the province's capital, Victoria. Termed a "Day of Protest" rather than a general strike, the city saw the vast majority of its public services crippled by labour action. The event culminated in a massive protest at the Legislature, where it was estimated that up to 20,000 people rallied.
On the same day, Premier Gordon Campbell made his first public comments during the strike. He called on the BCTF to obey the law and said that the union has "made a complete mockery of the British Columbia Supreme Court." He reiterated his government's position that it will not negotiate with the BCTF while it is breaking the law.
Experienced mediator Vince Ready was brought in and presented proposals to end the strike. Both the government and the BCTF accepted his recommendations, and on October 24, the teachers went back to work.
) activities, including a possible full withdrawal of service. Of the 30,202 members who voted, 85.2% were in favour of a strike.
Talks between the union and the government proceeded without much progress. The main sticking point was compensation
, with the government offering a 10% increase (up from 8%) over 4 years and the union asking for a 19% increase (down from 24%) over 3 years.
Late in the day on June 30, 2006, the two sides reached a tentative agreement for a 16% increase over a 5 year contract. Because the agreement was reached before the month-end deadline, teachers were eligible for a signing bonus
of approximately $4000.
British Columbia
British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858...
, Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
.
Governance Structure
The BCTF is made up of 41,000 teachers from across the province of British Columbia, Canada.Members
Members of the BCTF ultimately determine the decisions and directions of the BCTF in two very important ways:
- Members through locals elect delegates to the BCTF Annual General Meeting (AGM). The AGM makes key decisions for the organization and elects the Executive Committee.
- Members through locals elect local representatives which make up the Representative Assembly (RA). The RA has key decision making responsibilities.
Locals
Locals are responsible for acting on behalf of members regarding local matters. Members in locals elect their local president and executive which guide the affairs of the local.
Annual General Meeting
The Annual General Meeting is of delegates and local representatives elected by members through locals and the eleven members of the Executive Committee. There are approximately 670 voting delegates at an Annual General Meeting. The AGM elects the Executive Committee, determines the fee, approves any changes to the by-laws, establishes priorities for the next year and makes the significant policy decisions of the Federation.
Constitution and By-laws
The Constitution and By-laws establish the rules by which the organization is run. The by-laws establish the division of responsibilities among the major decision making bodies and spell out what each level of decision making is authorized to do. The by-laws of the BCTF have to be followed by all bodies of the organization, including the AGM. Only the AGM can amend the by-laws, and only then with a 75% majority of delegates voting in favour.
Representative Assembly
The Representative Assembly meets three times a year and has the specific responsibilities of approving a budget and electing the Judicial Council and Committee of Ombudspersons. The RA also makes policy and procedure decisions for the Federation.
Executive Committee
The Executive Committee (EC) of the BCTF is elected by the AGM and consists of eleven members. Three of them serve in a full-time capacity: the President, First Vice-President and Second Vice-President. The EC has overall responsibility for the running of the Federation. It meets monthly with additional meetings as necessary. The EC is the employer of BCTF staff and determines what work will be done in any given year. The EC also has responsibility for the creation and appointment of any advisory committees or task forces.
President
The President of the Federation has responsibility for overall supervision of the affairs of the organization in between meetings of the Executive Committee.
History
In 1916 the Vancouver Teachers’ Association called a special meeting of Teachers’ Institutes to discuss the creation of a provincial Federation. Delegates from Vancouver, Victoria, Point Grey, South Vancouver, and North Vancouver met at Dawson School on October 28, 1916. A resolution was unanimously passed in favour of a provincial organization and a draft constitution to be submitted to a later general meeting.The first Annual General Meeting was held in Vancouver at King Edward High School on January 4, 1917. Mr. J.G. Lister was elected as the first president. The original objectives adopted at this meeting guide the organization to this day:
- To foster and promote the cause of education
- To raise the status of the teaching profession in BC
- To promote the welfare of the teachers of BC
The British Columbia Teachers’ Federation was incorporated under the Friendly Societies Act of British Columbia on July 12, 1919, with Mr. Harry Charlesworth as president. In 1920, Mr. Charlesworth became the first General Secretary of the Federation and its first paid employee. He served in this capacity with distinction until his death in 1944. Charlesworth also helped to found the Canadian Teachers’ Federation in 1920 and served as its first president.
In 1919, the BCTF launched The Educator, which became The Teacher two years later. This has remained the primary publication of the BCTF.
BCTF prompting led to the first major examination of education in the province, the Putnam-Weir report of 1925. The report, titled Survey of the School System, notably led to the creation of junior high schools in British Columbia.
In 1929, BCTF lobbying resulted in the Teachers’ Pension Act, which established years of service and contribution level as the bases for pensions.
The Sick Benefit Fund was established in 1939 to assist teachers who were ill and had run out of sick leave. This program is now known as the Salary Indemnity Plan.
The BCTF Code of Ethics was adopted in 1943.
Statutory compulsory membership was granted to the BCTF by the provincial government in 1947.
In 1954 Hilda Cryderman was elected as the first female president of the BCTF.
The mid-1950s saw the end of discrimination in salary scales against female teachers and the elimination of differences in pay for teachers in elementary, junior secondary and senior secondary schools. Subsequently, only qualifications and years of teaching experience would determine a teacher’s salary.
Provincial Specialist Associations (PSAs) were created in 1957. These associations are intended to give members a place to exchange ideas on research, teaching strategies, curriculum development, and other shared interests.
In 1970, the BCTF Task Force on the Status of Women resulted in the creation of the Status of Women action group in 1973.
The first province-wide strike occurred on March 19, 1971, when teachers protested the government’s refusal to improve the pensions of retirees.
In 1971 the government eliminated compulsory BCTF membership for teachers. The BCTF engineered a voluntary sign-up of all but 69 of the 22,000 teachers in the province. Compulsory membership was reinstated by legislation in 1973.
In November 1983, teachers participated in a three day withdrawal of service in concert with other unions as part of the Operation Solidarity movement.
In 1987 government again ended compulsory membership as part of a larger package of legislation. 99% of teachers voluntarily signed up with the BCTF in a major certification sign up campaign. This legislation also created the British Columbia College of Teachers
British Columbia College of Teachers
The British Columbia College of Teachers is the professional self-regulatory body for teachers in British Columbia. It is responsible for setting and enforcing standards for teachers in the province. It assesses applicants to the profession and issues teaching certificates.-Court cases involving...
and removed principals and vice-principals from the teacher bargaining unit.
The 1994 Public Sector Labour Relations Act established a provincial bargaining structure in which the BCTF became the bargaining agent for teachers and the British Columbia Public School Employers’ Association (BCPSEA) became the bargaining agency for trustees. Only one contract has been negotiated under this structure; all others have required government intervention.
In 2001, the BC Liberal government removed the right to strike by passing essential services legislation. In January 2002, the same provincial government stripped all class-size, staffing, and workload provisions from the provincial and local agreements. Most of the provisions guaranteeing support for students with special needs were also eliminated.
In the fall of 2005, the BCTF engaged in a two-week strike in response to the government’s imposition of another contract. This strike was deemed to be illegal by the British Columbia courts.
2005 contract dispute
Since 1992, contract negotiations for BC public school teachers has been on a province-wide basis, negotiating a single contract with the British Columbia Public School Employers' Association (BCPSEA). Since that time, each contract has been legislated into law by the government of the day because the teachers and employers have failed to reach an agreement.Negotiations have been ongoing between the teachers and the BCPSEA since the previous contract expired in June 2004 without resolution. Relations between the BCTF and the BC Liberal government have been acrimonious with the government’s policy of wage freezes and the BCTF’s negative advertising campaign during the May 2001 election
British Columbia general election, 2001
The British Columbia general election of 2001 was the 37th provincial election in the Province of British Columbia, Canada. It was held to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. The election was called on April 18, 2001, and held on May 16, 2001...
. After winning, the BC Liberals made good on an election promise
Election promise
An election promise is a promise made to the public by a politician who is trying to win an election. They have long been a central element of elections and remain so today...
to make public education an essential service
Essential services
Essential services may refer to a class of occupations that have been legislated by a government to have special restrictions in regard to labour actions - Such as not being allowed to legally strike....
, limiting the level of job action the BCTF could take during a collective bargaining
Collective bargaining
Collective bargaining is a process of negotiations between employers and the representatives of a unit of employees aimed at reaching agreements that regulate working conditions...
dispute.
Without a contract at the beginning of the new school year, negotiations soured and an agreement was unlikely. To pressure the BCPSEA and the government to capitulate on wage and classroom size demands, on September 27, over 88% of 31,740 teachers voted to begin job action by withdrawing supervisory and administrative duties. Without successful contract negotiation, more severe action would begin October 11.
With negotiations derailed and a strike
Strike action
Strike action, also called labour strike, on strike, greve , or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work. A strike usually takes place in response to employee grievances. Strikes became important during the industrial revolution, when mass labour became...
imminent, the government introduced legislation on October 5 to extend the previous contract through the end of the current school year in June 2006, at which time the across the board wage freeze would be revisited. After a filibuster
Filibuster
A filibuster is a type of parliamentary procedure. Specifically, it is the right of an individual to extend debate, allowing a lone member to delay or entirely prevent a vote on a given proposal...
by the Official opposition BC NDP, Bill 12 passed on October 7. Furthermore, the BCPSEA successfully applied to the British Columbia Labour Relations Board (BCLRB) to deem any strike action illegal.
The BCTF held an emergency vote to carry out the strike despite the BCLRB ruling, with 90.5% of the participating members voting in favour of proceeding with protest action.
The BCTF began its illegal strike on October 7, 2005. It maintains that breaking the law for a just cause (having its collective bargaining rights limited and a contract imposed) is acceptable. Critics of the BCTF claim the illegal job action sets a bad example for the very children they teach. The job action is illegal because teaching in British Columbia is considered an essential service, and teachers are not allowed to strike. The BCTF, however, maintains that under the provisions of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the non-binding decisions of the United Nations International Labour Organization
International Labour Organization
The International Labour Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that deals with labour issues pertaining to international labour standards. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. Its secretariat — the people who are employed by it throughout the world — is known as the...
, education is not an essential service and they have the right to political protest.
Following the strike action, the BCPSEA filed a complaint in the BC Supreme Court
Supreme Court of British Columbia
The Supreme Court of British Columbia is the superior trial court for the province of British Columbia. The BCSC hears civil and criminal law cases as well as appeals from the Provincial Court of British Columbia. Including supernumerary judges, there are presently 108 judges...
on October 6 to find the BCTF in contempt of court
Contempt of court
Contempt of court is a court order which, in the context of a court trial or hearing, declares a person or organization to have disobeyed or been disrespectful of the court's authority...
, and on October 9 Madame Justice Brenda Brown declared the BCTF in contempt, ordering teachers to return to work October 11.
On October 12, a small number of defiant teachers began crossing picket lines and returned to work.
As a result of the continuing defiance of her court order, Madame Justice Brenda Brown on October 13 ordered the BCTF to cease paying strike pay to its members or use its funds to prolong the strike. Regardless, the BCTF remained on the picket line.
On October 17, the BC Federation of Labour spearheaded a major labour shutdown of the province's capital, Victoria. Termed a "Day of Protest" rather than a general strike, the city saw the vast majority of its public services crippled by labour action. The event culminated in a massive protest at the Legislature, where it was estimated that up to 20,000 people rallied.
On the same day, Premier Gordon Campbell made his first public comments during the strike. He called on the BCTF to obey the law and said that the union has "made a complete mockery of the British Columbia Supreme Court." He reiterated his government's position that it will not negotiate with the BCTF while it is breaking the law.
Experienced mediator Vince Ready was brought in and presented proposals to end the strike. Both the government and the BCTF accepted his recommendations, and on October 24, the teachers went back to work.
2006 contract negotiations
On June 9, 2006 the union announced that if a contract was not reached before the start of the school year, it was prepared to commence labour disruption (strikeStrike action
Strike action, also called labour strike, on strike, greve , or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work. A strike usually takes place in response to employee grievances. Strikes became important during the industrial revolution, when mass labour became...
) activities, including a possible full withdrawal of service. Of the 30,202 members who voted, 85.2% were in favour of a strike.
Talks between the union and the government proceeded without much progress. The main sticking point was compensation
Remuneration
Remuneration is the total compensation that an employee receives in exchange for the service they perform for their employer. Typically, this consists of monetary rewards, also referred to as wage or salary...
, with the government offering a 10% increase (up from 8%) over 4 years and the union asking for a 19% increase (down from 24%) over 3 years.
Late in the day on June 30, 2006, the two sides reached a tentative agreement for a 16% increase over a 5 year contract. Because the agreement was reached before the month-end deadline, teachers were eligible for a signing bonus
Signing bonus
A signing bonus or sign-on bonus is a sum of money paid to a new employee by a company as an incentive to join that company. They are often given as a way of making a compensation package more attractive to the employee, e.g., if the annual salary is lower than he or she desires...
of approximately $4000.
Affiliation History
- British Columbia Federation of LabourBritish Columbia Federation of LabourBritish Columbia Federation of Labour is the voice of the Labour movement in British Columbia, Canada.Founded in 1910 and now having over 470,000 individual members and 1100 locals or union sections, the BC Federation of Labour is the provincial Canadian Labour Congress affiliate and the umbrella...
(2003–present) - Canadian Labour CongressCanadian Labour CongressThe Canadian Labour Congress, or CLC is a national trade union centre, the central labour body in English Canada to which most Canadian labour unions are affiliated.- Formation :...
(2006–present) - Canadian Teachers' FederationCanadian Teachers' FederationThe Canadian Teachers' Federation is the national alliance of professional teacher organizations representing nearly 200,000 teachers throughout the country. The CTF is affiliated with Education International....
(1920–2008) - Canadian Trades and Labour Congress (1943–1956)