Bristol Jupiter
Encyclopedia
The Bristol Jupiter was a British
nine-cylinder single-row piston radial engine
built by the Bristol Aeroplane Company
. Originally designed late in World War I
and known as the Cosmos Jupiter, a lengthy series of upgrades and developments turned it into one of the finest engines of its era.
The Jupiter was widely used on many aircraft designs during the 1920s and 1930s. Thousands of Jupiters of all versions were produced, both by Bristol and abroad under license. A turbo-supercharged version of the Jupiter known as the Orion suffered development problems and only a small number were produced.
by Roy Fedden
of Cosmos Engineering
. During the rapid downscaling of military spending after the war, Cosmos became bankrupt in 1920, and was eventually purchased by the Bristol Aeroplane Company
on the strengths of the Jupiter design and the encouragement of the Air Ministry
.Gunston 1989, p.44. The engine matured into one of the most reliable on the market. It was the first air-cooled engine to pass the Air Ministry full-throttle test, the first to be equipped with automatic boost control, and the first to be fitted to airliners.Gunston 1989, p.31.
The Jupiter was fairly standard in design, but featured four valves per cylinder, which was uncommon at the time. The cylinders
were machined from steel forgings, and the cast cylinder head
s were later replaced with aluminium alloy following studies by the RAE
. In 1927, a change was made to move to a forged head design due to the rejection rate of the castings. The Jupiter VII introduced a mechanically driven supercharger to the design, and the Jupiter VIII was the first to be fitted with reduction gear.Bridgman (Jane's) 1998, p.270.
In 1925, Fedden started designing a replacement for the Jupiter. Using a shorter stroke to increase the rpm, and including a supercharger
for added power, resulted in the Bristol Mercury
of 1927. Applying the same techniques to the original Jupiter-sized engine in 1927 resulted in the Bristol Pegasus. Neither engine would fully replace the Jupiter for a few years.
, Gnome-Rhone produced a version known as the Gnome-Rhône 9 Jupiter which was used in several local civilian designs, as well as achieving some export success. Siemens-Halske took out a license in Germany and produced several versions of increasing power, eventually resulting in the Bramo 323
Fafnir, which saw use in wartime models.
In Japan
, the Jupiter was license-built from 1924 by Nakajima
, forming the basis of their own subsequent radial aero-engine design, the Nakajima Ha-1 Kotobuki
. It was produced in Poland as the PZL Bristol Jupiter, in Italy as the Alfa Romeo 126-RC35
, and in Czechoslovakia
by Walter Engines
. The most produced version was in the Soviet Union
, where their Shvetsov
M-22 version powered the famous Polikarpov I-16
which was built in the thousands. Production started in 1918 and ceased in 1930.
problems with this turbo-supercharged engine caused the project to be abandoned after only nine engines had been built.
Brazil Straker Jupiter I 400 hp. Two built.
Cosmos Jupiter II 400 hp. One built.
Bristol Jupiter II 400 hp.
Bristol Jupiter III 400 hp.
Bristol Jupiter IV 430 hp. Variable valve timing, Bristol Triplex carburettor.
Bristol Jupiter V 480 hp.
Bristol Jupiter VI 520 hp. Produced in both high (6.3:1) and low (5.3:1) compression ratio
s.
Bristol Jupiter VIA 440 hp. Civil version of Jupiter VI.
Bristol Jupiter VIFH 440 hp. Equipped with gas starter motor.
Bristol Jupiter VIFL 440 hp. Compression ratio 5.15:1.
Bristol Jupiter VIFM 440 hp. Compression ratio 5.3:1.
Bristol Jupiter VIFS 400 hp. Compression ratio 6.3:1.
Bristol Jupiter VII 375 hp. Compression ratio 5.3:1, fully supercharged. Built by Gnome-Rhone as the 9ASB.
Bristol Jupiter VIIF 480 hp. Compression ratio 5.3:1. Forged cylinder heads.
Bristol Jupiter VIIF.P 480 hp. 'P' for pressure feed lubrication to wrist-pins.
Bristol Jupiter VIII 440 hp. Jupiter VI but compression ratio increased to 6.3:1.
Bristol Jupiter VIIIF 460 hp. Jupiter VIII with forged cylinder heads and lowered compression ratio (5.8:1).
Bristol Jupiter VIIIF.P 460 hp. As Jupiter VIII with pressure feed lubrication (TBO
at this stage in development was only 150 hours due to multiple failures).
Bristol Jupiter IX
Bristol Jupiter IXF
Bristol Jupiter X
Bristol Jupiter XF
Bristol Jupiter XFA
Bristol Jupiter XFAM
Bristol Jupiter XFBM
Bristol Jupiter XFS
Bristol Jupiter XI
Bristol Jupiter XIF
Bristol Jupiter XIFA
Bristol Jupiter XIF.P
Bristol Orion I Jupiter III, turbo-supercharged, abandoned programme.
HP.42 Hannibal
airliners, which flew the London
-Paris
route in the 1930s. Other civilian uses included the de Havilland Giant Moth and Hercules, the Junkers G 31
(which would evolve into the famous Ju-52
), and the huge Dornier Do X
flying boat which used no less than twelve engines.
Military uses were less common, but included the parent company's Bristol Bulldog
, as well as the Gloster Gamecock
and Boulton Paul Sidestrand
. It was also found in prototypes around the world, from Japan
to Sweden
.
By 1929 the Bristol Jupiter had flown in 262 different aircraft types, it was noted in the French press at that year's Paris Air Show
that the Jupiter and its license-built versions were powering 80% of the aircraft on display.
Note:
, Old Warden
, Bedfordshire
.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
nine-cylinder single-row piston radial engine
Radial engine
The radial engine is a reciprocating type internal combustion engine configuration in which the cylinders point outward from a central crankshaft like the spokes on a wheel...
built by the Bristol Aeroplane Company
Bristol Aeroplane Company
The Bristol Aeroplane Company, originally the British and Colonial Aeroplane Company, was both one of the first and one of the most important British aviation companies, designing and manufacturing both airframes and aero engines...
. Originally designed late in World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
and known as the Cosmos Jupiter, a lengthy series of upgrades and developments turned it into one of the finest engines of its era.
The Jupiter was widely used on many aircraft designs during the 1920s and 1930s. Thousands of Jupiters of all versions were produced, both by Bristol and abroad under license. A turbo-supercharged version of the Jupiter known as the Orion suffered development problems and only a small number were produced.
Design and development
The Jupiter was designed during World War IWorld War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
by Roy Fedden
Roy Fedden
Sir Alfred Hubert Roy Fedden MBE was an engineer who designed most of Bristol Engine Company's successful aircraft engine designs.-Early life:...
of Cosmos Engineering
Cosmos Engineering
Cosmos Engineering was a company that manufactured aero-engines in a factory in Fishponds, Bristol during World War I. Sir Roy Fedden, the company's principal designer, developed the 14-cylinder radial Mercury engine during this period...
. During the rapid downscaling of military spending after the war, Cosmos became bankrupt in 1920, and was eventually purchased by the Bristol Aeroplane Company
Bristol Aeroplane Company
The Bristol Aeroplane Company, originally the British and Colonial Aeroplane Company, was both one of the first and one of the most important British aviation companies, designing and manufacturing both airframes and aero engines...
on the strengths of the Jupiter design and the encouragement of the Air Ministry
Air Ministry
The Air Ministry was a department of the British Government with the responsibility of managing the affairs of the Royal Air Force, that existed from 1918 to 1964...
.Gunston 1989, p.44. The engine matured into one of the most reliable on the market. It was the first air-cooled engine to pass the Air Ministry full-throttle test, the first to be equipped with automatic boost control, and the first to be fitted to airliners.Gunston 1989, p.31.
The Jupiter was fairly standard in design, but featured four valves per cylinder, which was uncommon at the time. The cylinders
Cylinder (engine)
A cylinder is the central working part of a reciprocating engine or pump, the space in which a piston travels. Multiple cylinders are commonly arranged side by side in a bank, or engine block, which is typically cast from aluminum or cast iron before receiving precision machine work...
were machined from steel forgings, and the cast cylinder head
Cylinder head
In an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head sits above the cylinders on top of the cylinder block. It closes in the top of the cylinder, forming the combustion chamber. This joint is sealed by a head gasket...
s were later replaced with aluminium alloy following studies by the RAE
Royal Aircraft Establishment
The Royal Aircraft Establishment , was a British research establishment, known by several different names during its history, that eventually came under the aegis of the UK Ministry of Defence , before finally losing its identity in mergers with other institutions.The first site was at Farnborough...
. In 1927, a change was made to move to a forged head design due to the rejection rate of the castings. The Jupiter VII introduced a mechanically driven supercharger to the design, and the Jupiter VIII was the first to be fitted with reduction gear.Bridgman (Jane's) 1998, p.270.
In 1925, Fedden started designing a replacement for the Jupiter. Using a shorter stroke to increase the rpm, and including a supercharger
Supercharger
A supercharger is an air compressor used for forced induction of an internal combustion engine.The greater mass flow-rate provides more oxygen to support combustion than would be available in a naturally aspirated engine, which allows more fuel to be burned and more work to be done per cycle,...
for added power, resulted in the Bristol Mercury
Bristol Mercury
|-See also:-Bibliography:* Bridgman, L, Jane's fighting aircraft of World War II. Crescent. ISBN 0-517-67964-7* Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. ISBN 1-85260-163-9...
of 1927. Applying the same techniques to the original Jupiter-sized engine in 1927 resulted in the Bristol Pegasus. Neither engine would fully replace the Jupiter for a few years.
Licensed production
The Jupiter saw widespread use in licensed versions, with fourteen countries eventually producing the engine. In FranceFrance
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, Gnome-Rhone produced a version known as the Gnome-Rhône 9 Jupiter which was used in several local civilian designs, as well as achieving some export success. Siemens-Halske took out a license in Germany and produced several versions of increasing power, eventually resulting in the Bramo 323
Bramo 323
-References:NotesBibliography* Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. ISBN 1-85260-163-9* Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. London. Studio Editions Ltd, 1989. ISBN 0-517-67964-7...
Fafnir, which saw use in wartime models.
In Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
, the Jupiter was license-built from 1924 by Nakajima
Nakajima Aircraft Company
The Nakajima Aircraft Company was a prominent Japanese aircraft manufacturer throughout World War II.-History:...
, forming the basis of their own subsequent radial aero-engine design, the Nakajima Ha-1 Kotobuki
Nakajima Kotobuki
-References:...
. It was produced in Poland as the PZL Bristol Jupiter, in Italy as the Alfa Romeo 126-RC35
Alfa Romeo 125
Alfa Romeo built/designed several aircraft engines based on Bristol Jupiter and Pegasus designs. These engines were named as 125, 126, 128, 129 and 131. The 126-RC34 was derived from Bristol Pegasus and 126-RC35 from Jupiter 9-cylinder radial design. All these engines were mainly fitted to Italian...
, and in Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
by Walter Engines
Walter Engines
The Walter Aircraft Engines was a company that manufactures aircraft engines, particularly the M601 turboprop. Based in Prague, Czech Republic, the company has been a subsidiary of GE Aviation since July 2008.-History:...
. The most produced version was in the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
, where their Shvetsov
Shvetsov
Arkadiy Dmitrievich Shvetsov was a Soviet aircraft engine designer whose OKB was founded in Perm, USSR, in 1934, to produce the Wright Cyclone-derived Shvetsov M-25 engine...
M-22 version powered the famous Polikarpov I-16
Polikarpov I-16
The Polikarpov I-16 was a Soviet fighter aircraft of revolutionary design; it was the world's first cantilever-winged monoplane fighter with retractable landing gear. The I-16 was introduced in the mid-1930s and formed the backbone of the Soviet Air Force at the beginning of World War II...
which was built in the thousands. Production started in 1918 and ceased in 1930.
Variants
The Jupiter was produced in many variants, one of which was the Bristol Orion of 1926. MetallurgyMetallurgy
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys. It is also the technology of metals: the way in which science is applied to their practical use...
problems with this turbo-supercharged engine caused the project to be abandoned after only nine engines had been built.
Brazil Straker Jupiter I 400 hp. Two built.
Cosmos Jupiter II 400 hp. One built.
Bristol Jupiter II 400 hp.
Bristol Jupiter III 400 hp.
Bristol Jupiter IV 430 hp. Variable valve timing, Bristol Triplex carburettor.
Bristol Jupiter V 480 hp.
Bristol Jupiter VI 520 hp. Produced in both high (6.3:1) and low (5.3:1) compression ratio
Compression ratio
The 'compression ratio' of an internal-combustion engine or external combustion engine is a value that represents the ratio of the volume of its combustion chamber from its largest capacity to its smallest capacity...
s.
Bristol Jupiter VIA 440 hp. Civil version of Jupiter VI.
Bristol Jupiter VIFH 440 hp. Equipped with gas starter motor.
Bristol Jupiter VIFL 440 hp. Compression ratio 5.15:1.
Bristol Jupiter VIFM 440 hp. Compression ratio 5.3:1.
Bristol Jupiter VIFS 400 hp. Compression ratio 6.3:1.
Bristol Jupiter VII 375 hp. Compression ratio 5.3:1, fully supercharged. Built by Gnome-Rhone as the 9ASB.
Bristol Jupiter VIIF 480 hp. Compression ratio 5.3:1. Forged cylinder heads.
Bristol Jupiter VIIF.P 480 hp. 'P' for pressure feed lubrication to wrist-pins.
Bristol Jupiter VIII 440 hp. Jupiter VI but compression ratio increased to 6.3:1.
Bristol Jupiter VIIIF 460 hp. Jupiter VIII with forged cylinder heads and lowered compression ratio (5.8:1).
Bristol Jupiter VIIIF.P 460 hp. As Jupiter VIII with pressure feed lubrication (TBO
Time between overhaul
One important measure of an aircraft engine's overall economics is how often it has to be overhauled, the so-called time between overhaul, typically seen as TBO or TBOH....
at this stage in development was only 150 hours due to multiple failures).
Bristol Jupiter IX
- 480 hp. Compression ratio 5.3:1.
Bristol Jupiter IXF
- 550 hp. Compression ratio 5.3:1. Forged cylinder heads.
Bristol Jupiter X
- 470 hp. Compression ratio 5.3:1.
Bristol Jupiter XF
- 540 hp. Compression ratio 5.3:1. Forged cylinder heads.
Bristol Jupiter XFA
- 483 hp. Compression ratio 5.3:1.
Bristol Jupiter XFAM
- 580 hp.
Bristol Jupiter XFBM
- 580 hp.
Bristol Jupiter XFS
- Fully supercharged.
Bristol Jupiter XI
- Compression ratio 5.15:1.
Bristol Jupiter XIF
- 500 hp. Compression ratio 5.15:1.
Bristol Jupiter XIFA
- 480 hp. As Jupiter XIF with 0.656:1 reduction ratio
Bristol Jupiter XIF.P
- 525 hp. As Jupiter XIF with pressure feed lubrication.
Bristol Orion I Jupiter III, turbo-supercharged, abandoned programme.
Applications
The Jupiter is probably best known for powering the Handley PageHandley Page Aircraft Company
Handley Page Limited was founded by Frederick Handley Page in 1909 as the United Kingdom's first publicly traded aircraft manufacturing company. It went into voluntary liquidation and ceased to exist in 1970...
HP.42 Hannibal
Handley Page H.P.42
The Handley Page H.P.42 and H.P.45 were British four-engine long-range biplane airliners designed to a 1928 Imperial Airways specification by Handley Page of Radlett in Hertfordshire....
airliners, which flew the London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
-Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
route in the 1930s. Other civilian uses included the de Havilland Giant Moth and Hercules, the Junkers G 31
Junkers G 31
|-See also:-External links:* * * *...
(which would evolve into the famous Ju-52
Junkers Ju 52
The Junkers Ju 52 was a German transport aircraft manufactured from 1932 to 1945. It saw both civilian and military service during the 1930s and 1940s. In a civilian role, it flew with over 12 air carriers including Swissair and Deutsche Luft Hansa as an airliner and freight hauler...
), and the huge Dornier Do X
Dornier Do X
The Dornier Do X was the largest, heaviest, and most powerful flying boat in the world when it was produced by the Dornier company of Germany in 1929. First conceived by Dr. Claudius Dornier in 1924, planning started in late 1925 and after over 240,000 work hours it was completed in June 1929...
flying boat which used no less than twelve engines.
Military uses were less common, but included the parent company's Bristol Bulldog
Bristol Bulldog
|-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Andrews, C.F. The Bristol Bulldog . Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1965.* Barnes, C.H. Bristol Aircraft Since 1910. London: Putnam, 1964....
, as well as the Gloster Gamecock
Gloster Gamecock
|-See also:-Bibliography:* Green, William and Swanborough, Gordon. "The Era-Ending Gamecock". Air Enthusiast, Number 21, April-July 1983.Bromley, Kent:Pilot Press. p. 1-8, 58-62. ISSN 0143-5450....
and Boulton Paul Sidestrand
Boulton Paul Sidestrand
|-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Brew, Alec. Boulton Paul Aircraft since 1915. London: Putnam, 1993. ISBN 0-85177-860-7.* Jarrett, Philip. "By Day and By Night: Sidestrand and Overstrand, Part 1." Aeroplane Monthly, Vol. 22, No. 11, Issue 259, November 1994, pp. 18—23. London: IPC. ISSN...
. It was also found in prototypes around the world, from Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
to Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
.
By 1929 the Bristol Jupiter had flown in 262 different aircraft types, it was noted in the French press at that year's Paris Air Show
Paris Air Show
The Paris Air Show is the world's oldest and largest air show. Established in 1909, it is currently held every odd year at Le Bourget Airport in north Paris, France...
that the Jupiter and its license-built versions were powering 80% of the aircraft on display.
Note:
Cosmos Jupiter
- Bristol Badger
- Bristol Bullet
- Sopwith SchneiderSopwith Tabloid|-See also:-References:* Bruce, J.M. "". Flight. 8 November 1957. pp. 733–736.* Bruce, J.M. "". Flight. 15 November 1957. pp. 765–766.* Bruce, J.M. "". Flight. 29 November 1957. pp. 845–848....
- Westland LimousineWestland Limousine- External links : Contemporary initial report on the Limousine I with photographs. Contemporary technical description of the Limousine I with photographs and drawings....
Bristol Jupiter
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- Boulton & Paul BugleBoulton & Paul Bugle-References:*"". Flight. 23 April 1925. pp.235–238.*Mason, Francis K. The British Bomber since 1912. London:Putnam, 1994. ISBN 0-85177-861-5.-External links:*...
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- Boulton Paul PartridgeBoulton Paul Partridge|-References:...
- Boulton Paul SidestrandBoulton Paul Sidestrand|-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Brew, Alec. Boulton Paul Aircraft since 1915. London: Putnam, 1993. ISBN 0-85177-860-7.* Jarrett, Philip. "By Day and By Night: Sidestrand and Overstrand, Part 1." Aeroplane Monthly, Vol. 22, No. 11, Issue 259, November 1994, pp. 18—23. London: IPC. ISSN...
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- Bristol BullfinchBristol Bullfinch-External links:* * * *...
- Bristol Jupiter FighterBristol Jupiter Fighter-External links:*...
- Bristol Seely
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- Bristol Type 76Bristol Jupiter Fighter-External links:*...
- Bristol Type 89Bristol Jupiter Fighter-External links:*...
- Bristol Type 92
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- de Havilland Dingo
- de Havilland DH.72De Havilland DH.72|-References:...
- de Havilland DH.50
- de Havilland Dormouse
- de Havilland Hercules
- de Havilland Hound
- de Havilland Giant Moth
- de Havilland Survey
- Dornier Do 11
- Dornier Do JDornier Do JThe Dornier Do J Wal was a twin-engine German flying boat of the 1920s designed by Dornier Flugzeugwerke. The Do J was designated the Do 16 by the Reich Air Ministry under its aircraft designation system of 1933....
- Dornier Do XDornier Do XThe Dornier Do X was the largest, heaviest, and most powerful flying boat in the world when it was produced by the Dornier company of Germany in 1929. First conceived by Dr. Claudius Dornier in 1924, planning started in late 1925 and after over 240,000 work hours it was completed in June 1929...
- Fairey IIIFFairey IIIThe Fairey Aviation Company Fairey III was a family of British reconnaissance biplanes that enjoyed a very long production and service history in both landplane and seaplane variants...
- Fairey FerretFairey FerretThe Fairey Ferret was a 1930s British general purpose biplane designed and built by the Fairey Aviation Company. It performed well in trials but it was not ordered into production.-Development:...
- Fairey FlycatcherFairey Flycatcher-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Mason, Francis K. The British Fighter since 1912. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1992. ISBN 1-55750-082-7.* Taylor, H A. Fairey Aircraft since 1915. London: Putnam, 1974. ISBN 0-370-00065-X....
- Fairey HendonFairey Hendon|-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Crosby, Francis. The World Encyclopedia of Fighters and Bombers. London: Lorenz Books ISBN 0-75481-616-8* Gallop, Alan. Time Flies: Heathrow At 60. Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 2005. ISBN 0-7509-3840-4...
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- Fokker F.VIIIFokker F.VIII-See also:-References:*de Leeuv, Fokker Commercial Aircraft, . Fokker. The Hague, Haagste Drukkerij*A.J.Jackson, British Civil Aircraft 1919-1972 -See also:-References:*de Leeuv, Fokker Commercial Aircraft, (1994). Fokker. The Hague, Haagste Drukkerij*A.J.Jackson, British Civil Aircraft 1919-1972...
- Fokker F.IXFokker F.IX-References:* *...
- Gloster Gambet
- Gloster GamecockGloster Gamecock|-See also:-Bibliography:* Green, William and Swanborough, Gordon. "The Era-Ending Gamecock". Air Enthusiast, Number 21, April-July 1983.Bromley, Kent:Pilot Press. p. 1-8, 58-62. ISSN 0143-5450....
- Gloster GnatsnapperGloster Gnatsnapper-See also:-Bibliography:* James, Derek N. Gloster Aircraft since 1917. London: Putnam, 1971. ISBN 0 370 00084 6.* Mason, Francis K. The British Fighter Since 1912. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1992. ISBN 1-55750-082-7.-External links:*...
- Gloster Goldfinch
- Gloster GoringGloster GoringThe Gloster Goring was a single-engined two-seat biplane designed to meet 1926 Air Ministry specifications for a day/torpedo bomber. It was not put into production and the one aircraft built served later as an engine test bed.-Development:...
- Gloster GrebeGloster Grebe-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* James, Derek N. Gloster Aircraft since 1917. London: Putnam and Company Ltd., 1987. ISBN 0-85177-807-0.* Thetford, Owen. Aircraft of the Royal Air Force 1918-57. London:Putnam, First edition 1957....
- Gloster Mars
- Gloster Survey
- Gourdou-Leseurre LGL.32
- Handley Page CliveHandley Page Hinaidi|-See also:-Bibliography:* Barnes, C. H. Handley Page Aircraft Since 1907. London: Putnam & Company, Ltd., 1987. ISBN 0-85177-803-8.* Clayton, Donald C. Handley Page, an Aircraft Album. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Ltd., 1969. ISBN 0-7110-0094-8....
- Handley Page Hampstead
- Handley Page HareHandley Page Hare|-See also:-External links:*...
- Handley Page HinaidiHandley Page Hinaidi|-See also:-Bibliography:* Barnes, C. H. Handley Page Aircraft Since 1907. London: Putnam & Company, Ltd., 1987. ISBN 0-85177-803-8.* Clayton, Donald C. Handley Page, an Aircraft Album. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Ltd., 1969. ISBN 0-7110-0094-8....
- Handley Page HP.12Handley Page Type OThe Handley Page Type O was an early biplane bomber used by Britain during the First World War. At the time, it was the largest aircraft that had been built in the UK and one of the largest in the world...
- Handley Page H.P.42Handley Page H.P.42The Handley Page H.P.42 and H.P.45 were British four-engine long-range biplane airliners designed to a 1928 Imperial Airways specification by Handley Page of Radlett in Hertfordshire....
- Hawker DuikerHawker Duiker-See also:-References:* Mason, Francis K, Hawker Aircraft since 1920. London:Putnam, Third edition 1991. ISBN 0 85177 839 9.-External links:*...
- Hawker Harrier
- Hawker HartHawker HartThe Hawker Hart was a British two-seater biplane light bomber of the Royal Air Force , which had a prominent role during the RAF's inter-war period. The Hart was designed during the 1920s by Sydney Camm and built by Hawker Aircraft...
- Hawker Hawfinch
- Hawker HedgehogHawker Hedgehog-References:* Mason, Francis K. Hawker Aircraft since 1920 London:Putnam, 1991. ISBN 0 85177 839 9....
- Hawker HeronHawker Heron-See also:-References:* Mason, Francis K Hawker Aircraft since 1920 London:Putnam, 1991. ISBN 0 85177 839 9.* Meekcoms, K J and Morgan, E B. The British Aircraft Specification File. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain, 1994ISBN 0 85130 220 3...
- Hawker WoodcockHawker Woodcock-See also:-Bibliography:* Jackson, A.J. British Civil Aircraft since 1919, Volume 1, 2nd Edition. London: Putnam, 1973. ISBN 0-370-10006-9.* Mason, Francis K. The British Fighter since 1912. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1992. ISBN 1-55750-082-7.* Mason, Francis K. Hawker Aircraft...
- Junkers F.13Junkers F.13The Junkers F.13 was the world's first all-metal transport aircraft, developed in Germany at the end of World War I. It was an advanced cantilever-wing monoplane, with enclosed accommodation for four passengers. Over 300 were sold...
- Junkers G 31Junkers G 31|-See also:-External links:* * * *...
- Junkers W 34
- Parnall PloverParnall Plover|-See also:-External links:* *...
- PZL P.7PZL P.7-References:NotesBibliography* Cynk, Jerzy B. History of the Polish Air Force 1918-1968. Reading, Berkshire, UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1972.* Cynk, Jerzy B. Polish Aircraft, 1893-1939. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1971. ISBN 0-370-00085-4....
- Saunders MedinaSaunders Medina|-See also:-External links:*...
- Saunders SevernSaunders Severn|-See also:...
- Short CalcuttaShort S.8 Calcutta-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Barnes C.H. and D.N. James. Shorts Aircraft since 1900. London: Putnam, 1989. ISBN 0-85177-819-4.*The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft . London: Orbis Publishing, 1985....
- Short ChamoisShort Springbok-See also:...
- Short GurnardShort GurnardThe Short Gurnard was a single-engined two-seat biplane naval fighter, built in the United Kingdom to an Air Ministry specification in 1929. It failed to win production orders and only two flew.-Design and development:...
- Short KentShort KentThe Short S.17 Kent was a British four-engined 15-seat biplane luxury flying boat airliner, designed and built by Shorts to meet a requirement from Imperial Airways for an aircraft with greater range than the Short Calcutta....
- Short RangoonShort Rangoon|-See also:...
- Short ScyllaShort ScyllaThe two L.17 aircraft, G-ACJJ Scylla and G-ACJK Syrinx, had at different times three different engine configurations between them:# Four Bristol Jupiter XFBM one-row radial poppet valve piston engines of 595 hp each...
- Short SpringbokShort Springbok-See also:...
- Short S.6 Sturgeon
- Short Valetta
- Supermarine SeagullSupermarine Seagull (1921)|-Specifications :-See also:-Bibliography:* Andrews, C.F. and Morgan, E.B. Supermarine Aircraft Since 1914. London: Putnam Books Ltd., 2nd revised edition 2003. ISBN 0-851-77800-3....
- Supermarine SolentSupermarine Nanok-See also:-References:*Andrews, C.F. and Morgan, E.B. Supermarine Aircraft since 1914. London:Putnam, 1987. ISBN 0 85177 800 3.*Jackson, A.J. British Civil Aircraft 1919-1972:Volume III. London:Putnam, 1988. ISBN 0 85177 818 6.-External links:* *...
- Supermarine SouthamptonSupermarine Southampton-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Andrews, C.F. and E.B. Morgan. Supermarine Aircraft since 1914 . London: Putnam, 1987. ISBN 0-85177-800-3....
- Svenska Aero JaktfalkenSvenska Aero Jaktfalken|-References:* Timo Heinonen: Thulinista Hornetiin, Keski-Suomen ilmailumuseon julkaisuja 3, 1992. ISBN 951-95688-2-4....
- Tupolev I-4Tupolev I-4-External links:*http://www.aviation.ru/Tu/#ANT-5...
- Vickers F.21/26Vickers Type 123|-References:NotesBibliography...
- Vickers F.29/27Vickers Type 161|-See also:...
- Vickers JockeyVickers JockeyThe Vickers Type 151 Jockey was an experimental low-wing monoplane interceptor fighter powered by a radial engine. It was later modified into the Type 171 Jockey II which had a more powerful engine and detailed improvements...
- Vickers Type 143Vickers Type 143|-See also:*Aerial operations in the Chaco War-Bibliography:* Andrews, E.N. and E.B. Morgan. Vickers Aircraft Since 1908, Second edition. London: Putnam, 1988. ISBN 0-85177-815-1....
- Vickers Type 150Vickers Vanox-See also:-References:* Andrews, E.N.; Morgan, E.B. Vickers Aircraft Since 1908, London: Putnam, Second Edition, 1988. ISBN 0-85177-815-1.* Mason, Francis K. The British Bomber since 1914. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1994. ISBN 0-85177-861-5....
- Vickers Valiant
- Vickers VelloreVickers Vellore-External links:*...
- Vickers VelloxVickers Vellore-External links:*...
- Vickers VespaVickers Vespa|-See also:*Aerial operations in the Chaco War-Bibliography:* Andrews, C.F. and Morgan, Eric B. Vickers Aircraft since 1908, Second edition. London: Putnam, 1988. ISBN 0-85177-815-1....
- Vickers ViastraVickers ViastraThe Vickers Viastra was an all-metal 12-seat passenger high-wing monoplane, with variants powered by one, two and three engines. Two twin-engined Viastras operated commercially in Australia from 1931-6; another served as a Royal transport.-Development:...
- Vickers VictoriaVickers Victoria-See also:...
- Vickers VildebeestVickers VildebeestThe Vickers Vildebeest and the similar Vickers Vincent were two very large two- to three-seat single-engined British biplanes designed and built by Vickers and used as a light bomber, torpedo bomber and in the army cooperation roles...
- Vickers VimyVickers VimyThe Vickers Vimy was a British heavy bomber aircraft of the First World War and post-First World War era. It achieved success as both a military and civil aircraft, setting several notable records in long-distance flights in the interwar period, the most celebrated of which was the first non-stop...
- Vickers Vimy Trainer
- Vickers Wibault ScoutVickers Wibault-Bibliography:* Andrews, E.N. and Morgan, E.B. Vickers Aircraft Since 1908, Second edition. London: Putnam, 1988. ISBN 0-85177-815-1.* Green, William and Swanborough, Gordon. The Complete Book of Fighters. New York: Smithmark, 1994. ISBN 0-8317-3939-8....
- Westland InterceptorWestland Interceptor-See also:-References:Derek N James: "Westland Aircraft Since 1915"...
- Westland WapitiWestland WapitiThe Westland Wapiti was a British two-seat general purpose military single-engined biplane of the 1920s. It was designed and built by Westland Aircraft Works to replace the Airco DH.9A in Royal Air Force service....
- Westland WestburyWestland Westbury|-See also:...
- Westland WitchWestland WitchThe Westland Witch was an unsuccessful British bomber prototype, first flown in 1928. Only a single aircraft of this type was built.The Westland Witch was an unsuccessful British bomber prototype, first flown in 1928. Only a single aircraft of this type was built.The Westland Witch was an...
- Westland-Houston PV.3Westland PV-3-External links:**...
Gnome-Rhône Jupiter
- Bernard SIMB AB 12Bernard SIMB AB 12-External links:*...
- Blanchard BB-1Blanchard BB-1|-See also:...
- Fizir F1M-JupiterFizir F1VThe Fizir F1V was a the basis from which engineer Rudolf Fizir developed a series of single-engined, two-seat, reconnaissance biplanes fitted with different engines...
- Latécoère 6Latécoère 6-Cited sources:...
Shvetsov M-22
- Kalinin K-5Kalinin K-5|- References :* * *...
- Polikarpov I-5Polikarpov I-5The Polikarpov I-5 was a single-seat biplane which became the primary Soviet fighter between its introduction in 1931 through 1936, after which it became the standard advanced trainer...
- Polikarpov I-15Polikarpov I-15The Polikarpov I-15 was a Soviet biplane fighter aircraft of the 1930s. Nicknamed Chaika because of its gulled upper wings, it was operated in large numbers by the Soviet Air Force, and together with the Polikarpov I-16 monoplane, was one of the standard fighters of the Spanish Republicans during...
- Polikarpov I-16Polikarpov I-16The Polikarpov I-16 was a Soviet fighter aircraft of revolutionary design; it was the world's first cantilever-winged monoplane fighter with retractable landing gear. The I-16 was introduced in the mid-1930s and formed the backbone of the Soviet Air Force at the beginning of World War II...
- Tupolev I-4Tupolev I-4-External links:*http://www.aviation.ru/Tu/#ANT-5...
Engines on display
A Bristol Jupiter VIIF is on static display at the Shuttleworth CollectionShuttleworth Collection
The Shuttleworth Collection is an aeronautical and automotive museum located at the Old Warden airfield in Bedfordshire, England. It is one of the most prestigious in the world due to the variety of old and well-preserved aircraft.- History :...
, Old Warden
Old Warden
Old Warden is a village and civil parish in Bedfordshire, England, just west of the town of Biggleswade. It has a population of 275. The village grew up under the protection of the Cistercian Wardon or Warden Abbey nearby....
, Bedfordshire
Bedfordshire
Bedfordshire is a ceremonial county of historic origin in England that forms part of the East of England region.It borders Cambridgeshire to the north-east, Northamptonshire to the north, Buckinghamshire to the west and Hertfordshire to the south-east....
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Specifications (Jupiter XFA)
See also
Further reading
- Gunston, Bill. By Jupiter! The Life of Sir Roy Fedden. The Johns Hopkins University Press.