Boulevard du Temple
Encyclopedia
The Boulevard du Temple is a thoroughfare
in Paris
that separates the 3rd arrondissement from the 11th. It runs from the Place de la République
to the Place Pasdeloup, and its name refers to the nearby Knights Templar
s' Temple
where they established their Paris priory.
(the so-called Enceinte, constructed between 1356 and 1383) and demolished under Louis XIV
. The boulevard, lined with trees, was built between 1656 and 1705.
From the time of Louis XVI
(1774–1792) until the July Monarchy
in 1830, the Boulevard du Temple was home to a popular fashion: it became a place for walking and recreation. Cafés and theatres previously located at the Saint-Laurent and Saint-Germain fairs moved here. After a time, it was nicknamed the Boulevard du Crime
after the crime melodramas that were so popular in its many theatres. In 1782, Philippe Curtius
, Madame Tussaud's tutor in wax modelling, opened his second exhibition on this Boulevard.
On this boulevard, on 28 July 1835, Giuseppe Fieschi made an attempt on the life of the king, Louis-Philippe
. The attempt failed, but it resulted in 18 dead and 23 injured. Gustave Flaubert
lived at 42, boulevard du Temple from 1856 to 1869.
A photograph of this street, taken in 1838 by Louis Daguerre
, is one of the earliest photographs known, and it is the oldest extant photograph showing a person. As of October 28, 2010, a rendering artist pointed out the possibility of multiple individuals being visible within a digitally enhanced and colorized version of this photograph.
The transformations of Paris by Baron Haussmann
radically modified this part of Le Marais
; today, only the Théâtre Déjazet
remains of the late 18th century theatres; half of them were demolished for the enlargement of the Place de la République
.
It is also It is served by lines 3, 5, 8, 9, and 11.
Thoroughfare
A thoroughfare is a place of transportation intended to connect one location to another. Highways, roads, and trails are examples of thoroughfares used by a variety of general traffic. On land a thoroughfare may refer to anything from a rough trail to multi-lane highway with grade separated...
in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
that separates the 3rd arrondissement from the 11th. It runs from the Place de la République
Place de la République
The Place de la République is a square in Paris, located on the border between the 3rd, 10th and 11th arrondissements. It is named after the French Republic. The Métro station of République lies beneath the square.-History:...
to the Place Pasdeloup, and its name refers to the nearby Knights Templar
Knights Templar
The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon , commonly known as the Knights Templar, the Order of the Temple or simply as Templars, were among the most famous of the Western Christian military orders...
s' Temple
Temple (Paris)
The Temple was a medieval fortress in Paris, located in what is now the IIIe arrondissement. It was built by the Knights Templar from the 12th century, as their European headquarters. In the 13th century it replaced earlier works of the Vieille Temple in Le Marais...
where they established their Paris priory.
History
The Boulevard du Temple follows the path of the city wall constructed by Charles VCharles V of France
Charles V , called the Wise, was King of France from 1364 to his death in 1380 and a member of the House of Valois...
(the so-called Enceinte, constructed between 1356 and 1383) and demolished under Louis XIV
Louis XIV of France
Louis XIV , known as Louis the Great or the Sun King , was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and Navarre. His reign, from 1643 to his death in 1715, began at the age of four and lasted seventy-two years, three months, and eighteen days...
. The boulevard, lined with trees, was built between 1656 and 1705.
From the time of Louis XVI
Louis XVI of France
Louis XVI was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and Navarre until 1791, and then as King of the French from 1791 to 1792, before being executed in 1793....
(1774–1792) until the July Monarchy
July Monarchy
The July Monarchy , officially the Kingdom of France , was a period of liberal constitutional monarchy in France under King Louis-Philippe starting with the July Revolution of 1830 and ending with the Revolution of 1848...
in 1830, the Boulevard du Temple was home to a popular fashion: it became a place for walking and recreation. Cafés and theatres previously located at the Saint-Laurent and Saint-Germain fairs moved here. After a time, it was nicknamed the Boulevard du Crime
Boulevard du Crime
The Boulevard du Crime was the nickname given in the 19th century to the Boulevard du Temple in Paris because of the many crime melodramas that were shown every night in its many theaters. It is notorious in French history for having lost so many theatres during the rebuilding of Paris by Baron...
after the crime melodramas that were so popular in its many theatres. In 1782, Philippe Curtius
Philippe Curtius
Phillippe Curtius was a Swiss physician and wax modeller who taught Marie Tussaud the art of wax modelling.Marie Tussaud lived in the home of Philippe Curtius, a doctor in Berne, for whom her mother acted as housekeeper. Tussaud called him 'Uncle'. Curtius was a physician, and was skilled in wax...
, Madame Tussaud's tutor in wax modelling, opened his second exhibition on this Boulevard.
On this boulevard, on 28 July 1835, Giuseppe Fieschi made an attempt on the life of the king, Louis-Philippe
Louis-Philippe of France
Louis Philippe I was King of the French from 1830 to 1848 in what was known as the July Monarchy. His father was a duke who supported the French Revolution but was nevertheless guillotined. Louis Philippe fled France as a young man and spent 21 years in exile, including considerable time in the...
. The attempt failed, but it resulted in 18 dead and 23 injured. Gustave Flaubert
Gustave Flaubert
Gustave Flaubert was a French writer who is counted among the greatest Western novelists. He is known especially for his first published novel, Madame Bovary , and for his scrupulous devotion to his art and style.-Early life and education:Flaubert was born on December 12, 1821, in Rouen,...
lived at 42, boulevard du Temple from 1856 to 1869.
A photograph of this street, taken in 1838 by Louis Daguerre
Louis Daguerre
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre was a French artist and physicist, recognized for his invention of the daguerreotype process of photography.- Biography :...
, is one of the earliest photographs known, and it is the oldest extant photograph showing a person. As of October 28, 2010, a rendering artist pointed out the possibility of multiple individuals being visible within a digitally enhanced and colorized version of this photograph.
The transformations of Paris by Baron Haussmann
Haussmann's renovation of Paris
Haussmann's Renovation of Paris, or the Haussmann Plan, was a modernization program of Paris commissioned by Napoléon III and led by the Seine prefect, Baron Georges-Eugène Haussmann, between 1853 and 1870...
radically modified this part of Le Marais
Le Marais
Le Marais is a historic district in Paris, France. Long the aristocratic district of Paris, it hosts many outstanding buildings of historic and architectural importance...
; today, only the Théâtre Déjazet
Théâtre Déjazet
The Théâtre Dejazet is a theatre on the boulevard du Temple in the 3rd arrondissement of Paris. It was originally founded in 1770 by Comte d'Artois who later was crowned Charles X, but it was then closed down and not reopened until 1851...
remains of the late 18th century theatres; half of them were demolished for the enlargement of the Place de la République
Place de la République
The Place de la République is a square in Paris, located on the border between the 3rd, 10th and 11th arrondissements. It is named after the French Republic. The Métro station of République lies beneath the square.-History:...
.
Theatres of the boulevard du Temple
The history of the names of the theatres at various sites on the boulevard du Temple is summarized in the following list. The names and dates are from Lecomte. The street addresses are based on the 1861 Paris guide of Lehaguez.- 1759: Théâtre de NicoletJean-Baptiste NicoletJean-Baptiste Nicolet was a French actor and manager. He was the eldest son of puppeteer, dance master and violinist Guillaume Nicolet. He set up the Grands-Danseurs du Roi, the predecessor of the Théâtre de la Gaîté....
, ou des Grands Danseurs- moved across the street to 58 boulevard du Temple in 1764
- Grands-Danseurs du Roi (acquired this name in 1772)
- Théâtre de la Gaîté (acquired this name in 1792)
- rebuilt in 1808 and 1835 after a fire
- The company relocated to the rue Papin in 1862.
- The building on the boulevard du Temple was demolished sometime thereafter.
- 1769: Théâtre de l'Ambigu-ComiqueThéâtre de l'Ambigu-ComiqueThe theatre was rebuilt to plans by the architects Jacques Ignace Hittorff and Jean-François-Joseph Lecointe on the boulevard Saint-Martin, at the corner of rue de Bondy...
of Nicolas-Médard Audinot- located at 62 boulevard du Temple
- destroyed by fire in 1827 (relocated to 2 boulevard Saint-Martin)
- replaced by the Théâtre des Folies-DramatiquesThéâtre des Folies-DramatiquesThe Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques was a theatre in Paris in the 19th and 20th centuries. Opened first in 1832 in the site of the old Théâtre de l'Ambigu-Comique on the Boulevard du Temple, under Frédérick Lemaître it became a noted venue for the genre of mélodrame.In 1862, the theatre moved to the...
(1st, 1831) - expropriated in 1862
- 1774: Théâtre des Associés
- located at 52 boulevard du Temple
- Théâtre Amusements-Comiques (1787)
- Théâtre Patriotique (1790)
- Théâtre Sans-Prétention (1797)
- Closed in 1807 by Napoleon's decree on the theatresDecree on the theatresOn 10 thermidor year 15 , Napoleon I of France signed a decree reducing the number of theatres in Paris to eight, giving the force of law to a decree of the interior minister of 25 April that same year. This measure cut short an expansion in theatres.Following is a list of the theatres that...
, it became the Café d'Apollon. - Théâtre de Madame SaquiMadame SaquiMadame Saqui was a noted French tightrope walker or "rope dancer." For a time she had her own theatre, which she had re-decorated. She continued to perform into her seventies...
(1816) - Théâtre du Temple (1832, a vaudeville house run by Roux, dit Dorsay)
- Théâtre des Délassements-ComiquesThéâtre des Délassements-ComiquesThéâtre des Délassements-Comiques is a name that was used for a number of different theatres in Paris from 1785 to 1890.- First :...
(3rd, 1841, this company relocated to the rue de Provence in 1862) - Théâtre du boulevard du Temple (1862, for two weeks in July, relocated to the Théâtre Lyrique, reopening with the name Théâtre Historique)
- The building on this site was later demolished.
- 1779: Théâtre des Élèves pour la Danse de l'Opéra
- probably located at 48 boulevard du Temple
- Lycée-Dramatique (1791)
- Théâtre Lazzari (1st, 1792, also spelled Lazari or Lazary)
- Théâtre Français du boulevard (1793)
- Théâtre des Variétés-AmusantesThéâtre des Variétés-Amusantes-History:In 1778, Louis Lécluse , a former actor at the Opéra-Comique turned dentist, opened a theatre at foire Saint-Laurent, which shortly afterwards he transferred to the boulevard du Temple, at the corner of rue de Lancry and rue de Bondy .Unable to bear the hostility this new enterprise...
(2nd, 1793) - destroyed by fire in 1798
- 1785: Théâtre des Délassements-ComiquesThéâtre des Délassements-ComiquesThéâtre des Délassements-Comiques is a name that was used for a number of different theatres in Paris from 1785 to 1890.- First :...
(1st), of Plancher ('Aristide Valcour')- located between the Hôtel Foulon [site of the later Théâtre Historique] and the site of the later Cirque-Olympique
- Théâtre Lyri-Comique (1800)
- Théâtre des Variétés-Amusantes (3rd, 1803)
- Nouveaux Troubadours (1805)
- Closed in 1807 by Napoleon's decree on the theatresDecree on the theatresOn 10 thermidor year 15 , Napoleon I of France signed a decree reducing the number of theatres in Paris to eight, giving the force of law to a decree of the interior minister of 25 April that same year. This measure cut short an expansion in theatres.Following is a list of the theatres that...
, most of the building was demolished except for the entry hall, which continued to be used for exhibiting trained dogs and monkeys performing tricks.
- 1787: Théâtre des Bluettes comiques et lyriques
- Théâtre des Élèves de Thalie (1791)
- 1787: Cabinet des figures de cire (Cabinet of wax figures), disappeared in 1847
- 1813: Théâtre des FunambulesThéâtre des FunambulesThe Théâtre des Funambules was a former theater located on the boulevard du Temple in Paris, sometimes called the Boulevard du Crime. It was located between the prominent Théâtre de la Gaîté, and the much smaller Théâtre des Délassements-Comiques.Originally an informal venue for acrobatics and...
(1st)- located at 54 boulevard du Temple
- The company relocated to the boulevard de Strasbourg in 1862, closing after one year.
- The building on the boulevard du Temple was demolished on 18 July 1862.
- 1821: Théâtre Lazzari (2nd)
- located at 50 boulevard du Temple
- Spectacle Lazzari
- Théâtre de Petit-Lazzari
- Théâtre Lazzari (also spelled Lazary, demolished sometime after 1862)
- 1827: Cirque-Olympique (3rd)
- located at 66 boulevard du Temple
- Opéra-NationalOpéra-NationalThe Opéra-National was a Parisian opera company founded by the French composer Adolphe Adam in 1847 in order to provide an alternative to the two primary companies performing French opera in Paris, the Opéra and the Opéra-Comique...
(1st, 1847, this company reopened at the Théâtre Historique in 1851) - Théâtre National du Cirque (1848)
- Théâtre Impérial du Cirque (1853, relocated to the theatre on the Place du ChâteletThéâtre du ChâteletThe Théâtre du Châtelet is a theatre and opera house, located in the place du Châtelet in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, France.One of two theatres built on the site of a châtelet, a small castle or fortress, it was designed by Gabriel Davioud at the request of Baron Haussmann between 1860 and...
in 1862) - The building on this site was later demolished.
- 1846: Théâtre Historique (1st)
- located at 72 boulevard du Temple
- Opéra-National (2nd, 1851)
- Théâtre LyriqueThéâtre LyriqueThe Théâtre Lyrique was one of four opera companies performing in Paris during the middle of the 19th century . The company was founded in 1847 as the Opéra-National by the French composer Adolphe Adam and renamed Théâtre Lyrique in 1852...
(1st, 1852) - Théâtre Historique (2nd, 1862, name revived by the Théâtre du boulevard du Temple)
- This building was demolished in 1863.
- 1853: Théâtre des Folies-Concertantes
- located at 41 boulevard du Temple, on the site of the former concert-bal, the Folies-Mayer
- Théâtre des Folies-Nouvelles (1854)
- Théâtre DéjazetThéâtre DéjazetThe Théâtre Dejazet is a theatre on the boulevard du Temple in the 3rd arrondissement of Paris. It was originally founded in 1770 by Comte d'Artois who later was crowned Charles X, but it was then closed down and not reopened until 1851...
(1859) - Théâtre des Folies-Nouvelles (1872)
- Théâtre Déjazet (1873)
- Troisième Théâtre Français (1876)
- Théâtre des Folies-Nouvelles (1880)
- Théâtre Déjazet (1880–)
Metro stations
The Boulevard du Temple is:It is also It is served by lines 3, 5, 8, 9, and 11.