Bosansko Krajište
Encyclopedia
Bosansko Krajište is name for interim borderland administrative unit of the Ottoman Empire
established on the part of the Bosnia
and Herzegovina
during the period between 1392 and 1463 when this territory was on the border of the Ottoman Empire
, but not under its firm control (Ottoman frontier). Ibrahimagić claim that Bosansko Krajište was officially established in 1451, more than 50 years after first attacks of Ottoman Empire.
.
Krajište was name for administrative unit on the border of Serbian Empire
or Serbian Despotate
, but only if emperor
or despot
had not established solid and firm control over such unit, due to raids from hostile neighbouring provinces. When Ottoman Empire in 1392 conquered Skopje
, former capitol of Serbian Empire
, krajište was established in Western Balkan parts of Ottoman Empire.
has not been conquered by Ottoman Empire at once, during one battle. Ottoman Empire has been conquering it during many decades. First Ottoman raids led by Timuras-Pasha happened in eastern parts of Bosnia in 1384. Conquest started with first battle (Battle of Bileća
in 1388) and ended in 1463 with death of Tvrtko I of Bosnia
, although there were several fortresses that resisted much longer (last fortress in Herzegovina fall in 1487 and Jajce
under Hungarian garrison held until 1527).
Despite very important victories of Ottoman Empire against regional feudal lords in Battle of Marica (1371) and Battle of Kosovo
(1389) Ottoman Army established administrative unit in Western Balkan region only in 1392 after capturing Skopje
, former capitol of Serbian Empire
. In the meantime there were many raids of military units of Ottoman Empire into feudal principalities on Western Balkan, some of them even into territory of today's Bosnia and Herzegovina
. Battle of Bileća
in 1388 was first battle of army of Ottoman Empire on the territory of today's Bosnia and Herzegovina
.
Ottoman Empire had two administrative units with name Krajište, Skopsko Krajište and Bosansko Krajište. They both were governed by same ruler based in Skopje
.
Although first raids
of Ottoman armies into territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina
were organized at the end of 14th century, first permanent presence of Ottoman armies was established in 1414, after region near Donji Vakuf
(known as Bosnian Skoplje in medieval times) was captured. In period 1414—1418 Ottoman Empire conquered Foča
, Pljevlja
, Čajniče
i Nevesinje
. In 1418 Isak-Beg
captured Priboj, a town first mentioned in written documents on this occasion. During the same year Višegrad
and Sokol were captured too.
When Ottoman Empire finally conquered whole territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1463, Bosansko Krajište was divided between four newly established sanjaks:
First three of them were subordinated to beglerbey of Rumelia
and Sanjak of Zvornik was under control of beglerbey of Budim.
Isa-Beg Isaković
organized in 1455 one of the first Ottoman census
es in the West Balkan territory. In 1463 Bosnian Krajište was transformed to Bosnian Sanjak
and Isa-Beg Isaković was its first sanjakbey.
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
established on the part of the Bosnia
Bosnia (region)
Bosnia is a eponomous region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging to the southern borders of the Pannonian plain, with the rivers Sava and Drina marking its northern and eastern borders. The other eponomous region, the southern, other half of the country is...
and Herzegovina
Herzegovina
Herzegovina is the southern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. While there is no official border distinguishing it from the Bosnian region, it is generally accepted that the borders of the region are Croatia to the west, Montenegro to the south, the canton boundaries of the Herzegovina-Neretva...
during the period between 1392 and 1463 when this territory was on the border of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
, but not under its firm control (Ottoman frontier). Ibrahimagić claim that Bosansko Krajište was officially established in 1451, more than 50 years after first attacks of Ottoman Empire.
Etimology
Word krajište is taken from Serbian languageSerbian language
Serbian is a form of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia and neighbouring countries....
.
Krajište was name for administrative unit on the border of Serbian Empire
Serbian Empire
The Serbian Empire was a short-lived medieval empire in the Balkans that emerged from the Serbian Kingdom. Stephen Uroš IV Dušan was crowned Emperor of Serbs and Greeks on 16 April, 1346, a title signifying a successorship to the Eastern Roman Empire...
or Serbian Despotate
Serbian Despotate
The Serbian Despotate was a Serbian state, the last to be conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Although the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 is generally considered the end of the medieval Serbian state, the Despotate, a successor of the Serbian Empire and Moravian Serbia survived for 70 more years,...
, but only if emperor
Emperor
An emperor is a monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife or a woman who rules in her own right...
or despot
Despot
Despot may refer to:* Despot , a Byzantine court title* Despotism, a form of government in which power is concentrated in the hands of an individual or a small groupPeople with the surname Despot:...
had not established solid and firm control over such unit, due to raids from hostile neighbouring provinces. When Ottoman Empire in 1392 conquered Skopje
Skopje
Skopje is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Macedonia with about a third of the total population. It is the country's political, cultural, economic, and academic centre...
, former capitol of Serbian Empire
Serbian Empire
The Serbian Empire was a short-lived medieval empire in the Balkans that emerged from the Serbian Kingdom. Stephen Uroš IV Dušan was crowned Emperor of Serbs and Greeks on 16 April, 1346, a title signifying a successorship to the Eastern Roman Empire...
, krajište was established in Western Balkan parts of Ottoman Empire.
History
Territory that today belongs to Republic of Bosnia and HerzegovinaRepublic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was the direct main predecessor to the modern-day state of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
has not been conquered by Ottoman Empire at once, during one battle. Ottoman Empire has been conquering it during many decades. First Ottoman raids led by Timuras-Pasha happened in eastern parts of Bosnia in 1384. Conquest started with first battle (Battle of Bileća
Battle of Bileca
The Battle of Bileća was fought on 27 August 1388 between Bosnian forces led by Duke Vlatko Vuković and the Ottomans under the leadership of Lala Shahin Pasha...
in 1388) and ended in 1463 with death of Tvrtko I of Bosnia
Tvrtko I of Bosnia
Stjepan Tvrtko I was a ruler of medieval Bosnia. He ruled in 1353–1366 and again in 1367–1377 as Ban and in 1377–1391 as the first Bosnian King....
, although there were several fortresses that resisted much longer (last fortress in Herzegovina fall in 1487 and Jajce
Jajce
Jajce is a city and municipality located in the central part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is part of the Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity...
under Hungarian garrison held until 1527).
Despite very important victories of Ottoman Empire against regional feudal lords in Battle of Marica (1371) and Battle of Kosovo
Battle of Kosovo
The Battle of Kosovo took place on St. Vitus' Day, June 15, 1389, between the army led by Serbian Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović, and the invading army of the Ottoman Empire under the leadership of Sultan Murad I...
(1389) Ottoman Army established administrative unit in Western Balkan region only in 1392 after capturing Skopje
Skopje
Skopje is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Macedonia with about a third of the total population. It is the country's political, cultural, economic, and academic centre...
, former capitol of Serbian Empire
Serbian Empire
The Serbian Empire was a short-lived medieval empire in the Balkans that emerged from the Serbian Kingdom. Stephen Uroš IV Dušan was crowned Emperor of Serbs and Greeks on 16 April, 1346, a title signifying a successorship to the Eastern Roman Empire...
. In the meantime there were many raids of military units of Ottoman Empire into feudal principalities on Western Balkan, some of them even into territory of today's Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...
. Battle of Bileća
Battle of Bileca
The Battle of Bileća was fought on 27 August 1388 between Bosnian forces led by Duke Vlatko Vuković and the Ottomans under the leadership of Lala Shahin Pasha...
in 1388 was first battle of army of Ottoman Empire on the territory of today's Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...
.
Ottoman Empire had two administrative units with name Krajište, Skopsko Krajište and Bosansko Krajište. They both were governed by same ruler based in Skopje
Skopje
Skopje is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Macedonia with about a third of the total population. It is the country's political, cultural, economic, and academic centre...
.
Although first raids
Raids
Raids is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France....
of Ottoman armies into territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Herzegovina
Herzegovina is the southern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. While there is no official border distinguishing it from the Bosnian region, it is generally accepted that the borders of the region are Croatia to the west, Montenegro to the south, the canton boundaries of the Herzegovina-Neretva...
were organized at the end of 14th century, first permanent presence of Ottoman armies was established in 1414, after region near Donji Vakuf
Donji Vakuf
Donji Vakuf is a town and municipality in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, located between Jajce, Bugojno and Travnik. It is under the administration of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Settlements:• Babin Potok• Babino Selo...
(known as Bosnian Skoplje in medieval times) was captured. In period 1414—1418 Ottoman Empire conquered Foča
Foca
Foča is a town and municipality in southeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Drina river, in the Foča Region of the Republika Srpska entity.-Early history:...
, Pljevlja
Pljevlja
Pljevlja is a town and municipality located in the northern part of Montenegro. The city lies at an altitude of...
, Čajniče
Cajnice
Čajniče is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-1971:11.602 total* Muslims - 6.065 * Serbs - 5.353 * Croats - 29 * Yugoslavs - 14 * others - 141...
i Nevesinje
Nevesinje
Nevesinje is a town and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in eastern Herzegovina between Mostar and Gacko. It is administratively part of the Republika Srpska entity.-Geography:...
. In 1418 Isak-Beg
Isak-Beg
Ishak Bey or Isak-Beg was the second ruler of Bosansko Krajište from 1414 to 1439. According to some sources he was a member of Hranušić family, released slave and adopted son of Pasha Yiğit Bey...
captured Priboj, a town first mentioned in written documents on this occasion. During the same year Višegrad
Višegrad
Višegrad is a town and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is part of the Republika Srpska entity. It is on the river Drina, located on the road from Goražde and Ustiprača towards Užice, Serbia.-History:...
and Sokol were captured too.
When Ottoman Empire finally conquered whole territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1463, Bosansko Krajište was divided between four newly established sanjaks:
- Sanjak of Bosnia,
- Sanjak of Herzegovina,
- Sanjak of Klis and
- Sanjak of Zvornik
First three of them were subordinated to beglerbey of Rumelia
Rumelia
Rumelia was an historical region comprising the territories of the Ottoman Empire in Europe...
and Sanjak of Zvornik was under control of beglerbey of Budim.
List of rulers of Bosansko Krajište
- Pasha Yigit-BegPasha Yigit-BegPasha Yiğit Bey was a first ruler of Skopsko Krajište and Bosansko Krajište from 1392 to 1414...
1392—1414 - Isak-BegIsak-BegIshak Bey or Isak-Beg was the second ruler of Bosansko Krajište from 1414 to 1439. According to some sources he was a member of Hranušić family, released slave and adopted son of Pasha Yiğit Bey...
1414—1439 - Himmeti-Zade Nesuh-BegHimmeti-Zade Nesuh-BegHimmeti-Zade Nesuh-Beg was a third ruler of Skopsko Krajište and Bosansko Krajište from 1439 to 1454....
1439—1454 - Isa-Beg IsakovićIsa-Beg IsakovicIsa-Beg Ishaković, or Isa-Beg Isaković, was an Ottoman general and the first governor of the Ottoman Province of Bosnia. He ruled during the 1450s and 1460s. He made much of the initial conquests for the Turkish Empire in the region, and was one of the then Sultan's most trusted generals. He was...
1454—1463
Isa-Beg Isaković
Isa-Beg Isakovic
Isa-Beg Ishaković, or Isa-Beg Isaković, was an Ottoman general and the first governor of the Ottoman Province of Bosnia. He ruled during the 1450s and 1460s. He made much of the initial conquests for the Turkish Empire in the region, and was one of the then Sultan's most trusted generals. He was...
organized in 1455 one of the first Ottoman census
Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
es in the West Balkan territory. In 1463 Bosnian Krajište was transformed to Bosnian Sanjak
Bosnian Sanjak
Bosnian Sanjak was one of the sanjaks of the Ottoman Empire established in 1463 when Bosansko Krajište was transformed to sanjak and Isa-Beg Isaković was appointed its first sanjakbey.List of sanjakbeys of Bosnian Sanjak is the following:...
and Isa-Beg Isaković was its first sanjakbey.
Further reading
- "Bosansko krajište 1448-1463", Godišnjak Istoriskog društva Bosne i Hercegovine
- "Krajište Isa-bega Ishakovića, Zbirni katastarski popis iz 1455. godine", H. Šabanović, Sarajevo, 1964.