Bolków
Encyclopedia
Bolków ' is a town in Jawor County
, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
, in south-western Poland
. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina
) called Gmina Bolków
and part of the Neisse-Nysa-Nisa Euroregion
.
The town lies at the Nysa Szalona
River, approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) south-west of Jawor
, and 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław. As at 30 June 2010, it has a population of about 5,301.
First mentioned as Hain in a 1276 deed, Bolków was named after Duke Bolko II of Świdnica, who died in 1368. His duchy was incorporated into the Lands of the Bohemian Crown
of the Holy Roman Empire
. Since 1945 the town belongs to Poland.
Above the town stand the ruins of Bolków Castle, built in the 13th century. Devastated in the Thirty Years' War
it became a property of Grüssau Abbey
in 1703, though restoration efforts did not begin until 1905. Since 1994 the ruin is the site of the annual "Castle Party" Gothic rock
festival
.
with: Heerde
, Netherlands
, since 1991 Dragsholm
, Denmark
, since 1995 Borken, North Rhine-Westphalia
, Germany
, since 1997 Doksy
, Czech Republic
, since 2006 Bad Muskau
, Germany
, since 2006 Nünchritz
, Germany
, since 2007
Jawor County
Jawor County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area of...
, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship, or Lower Silesia Province , is one of the 16 voivodeships into which Poland is currently divided. It lies in southwestern Poland...
, in south-western Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina
Gmina
The gmina is the principal unit of administrative division of Poland at its lowest uniform level. It is often translated as "commune" or "municipality." As of 2010 there were 2,479 gminas throughout the country...
) called Gmina Bolków
Gmina Bolków
Gmina Bolków is an urban-rural gmina in Jawor County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Bolków, which lies approximately south-west of Jawor and west of the regional capital Wrocław....
and part of the Neisse-Nysa-Nisa Euroregion
Euroregion
In European politics, the term Euroregion usually refers to a transnational co-operation structure between two contiguous territories located in different European countries. Euroregions represent a specific type of cross-border region.-Scope:...
.
The town lies at the Nysa Szalona
Nysa Szalona
The Nysa Szalona is a river in Poland. It has a length of ca. 51 km and flows into the Kaczawa, which in turn flows into the Oder....
River, approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) south-west of Jawor
Jawor
Jawor is a town in south-western Poland with 24,347 inhabitants . It is situated in Lower Silesian Voivodeship . It is the seat of Jawor County, and lies approximately west of the regional capital Wrocław.In the town can be found a Protestant Church of Peace...
, and 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław. As at 30 June 2010, it has a population of about 5,301.
First mentioned as Hain in a 1276 deed, Bolków was named after Duke Bolko II of Świdnica, who died in 1368. His duchy was incorporated into the Lands of the Bohemian Crown
Czech lands
Czech lands is an auxiliary term used mainly to describe the combination of Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia. Today, those three historic provinces compose the Czech Republic. The Czech lands had been settled by the Celts , then later by various Germanic tribes until the beginning of 7th...
of the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
. Since 1945 the town belongs to Poland.
Above the town stand the ruins of Bolków Castle, built in the 13th century. Devastated in the Thirty Years' War
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most countries in Europe. It was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history....
it became a property of Grüssau Abbey
Grüssau Abbey
Grüssau Abbey also known as Krzeszów Abbey refers to a historical Cistercian monastery in Krzeszów in Lower Silesia, and to a house of the Benedictine Order in the town of Bad Wimpfen in Baden-Württemberg, where the German Grüssau community moved in 1947, after their former abbey had become...
in 1703, though restoration efforts did not begin until 1905. Since 1994 the ruin is the site of the annual "Castle Party" Gothic rock
Gothic rock
Gothic rock is a musical subgenre of post-punk and alternative rock that formed during the late 1970s. Gothic rock bands grew from the strong ties they had to the English punk rock and emerging post-punk scenes...
festival
Rock festival
A rock festival, or a rock fest, is a large-scale rock music concert, featuring multiple acts.The first rock festivals were put on in the late 1960s and were important socio-cultural milestones. In the 1980s a minor resurgence of festivals occurred with charity as the goal.Today, they are often...
.
Twin towns — Sister cities
Bolków is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with: Heerde
Heerde
Heerde is a municipality and a town in the eastern Netherlands. Compared to the rest of the Netherlands, Heerde is fairly religious, as are many of the towns and cities in the Veluwe region...
, Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
, since 1991 Dragsholm
Dragsholm municipality
Until January 1, 2007, Dragsholm municipality was a municipality in West Zealand County on the northwest coast of the island of Zealand in Denmark, in a region known as Lammefjord, named after the inlet to the east of the municipality . The municipality covered an area of 152 km², and had a total...
, Denmark
Denmark
Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
, since 1995 Borken, North Rhine-Westphalia
Borken, North Rhine-Westphalia
-Neighbouring places:* Raesfeld* Heiden* Südlohn* Rhede* Velen-Division of the town:Borken consists of 12 districts:-History:The name comes from the German word "Burg" or "Burk" and gradually changed to "Burke", then "Burken" and finally to "Borken". Around the year 800 the village was being used...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, since 1997 Doksy
Doksy
Doksy is a town in the Czech Republic. It has about 5,000 inhabitants. It lies on the shores of Máchovo jezero , so it is a summer vacation resort. Surroundings are densely forested and the Bezděz Castle atop the same-name mountain dominates the local panorama...
, Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
, since 2006 Bad Muskau
Bad Muskau
Bad Muskau is a spa town in the historic Upper Lusatia region in Germany at the border with Poland. It is part of the Görlitz district in the State of Saxony....
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, since 2006 Nünchritz
Nünchritz
Nünchritz is a municipality in the district of Meißen, in Saxony, Germany.-Municipality subdivisions:Nünchritz includes the following subdivisions:*Diesbar-Seußlitz*Goltzscha*Grödel*Leckwitz*Merschwitz*Naundörfchen*Neuseußlitz*Roda*Weißig*Zschaiten...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, since 2007