The Black-backed Tanager (Tangara peruviana) is a species of bird

Bird

Birds are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic , egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species and 188 families makes them the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from...

 in the Thraupidae family. It is endemic to forest and shrub in to south-eastern Brazil

Brazil

Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...

. When first described it was mistakenly believed that it originates from Peru

Peru

Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....

, leading to the misleading scientific name peruviana. It is closely related to the Chestnut-backed Tanager

Chestnut-backed Tanager

The Chestnut-backed Tanager is a species of bird in the Thraupidae family. It is found in Atlantic Forest in south-eastern Brazil, north-eastern Argentina, eastern Paraguay, and Uruguay. It is closely related to the rarer Black-backed Tanager, and females of the two species are...

, and the two have sometimes been considered conspecific.

It is threatened by habitat loss.