Bion 10
Encyclopedia
Bion 10 a C.I.S.
spacecraft, was launched by a Soyuz-U
rocket from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome
. It was part of the Bion program
. It carried two monkey
s and several insects, amphibians, plants, and cell culture
s. Participating scientists were from nine countries and ESA
. In the planning stages this mission was named Bion '92.
The Cosmos 2229 spacecraft orbited the Earth for almost 12 days. The payload, also designated Bion 10, contained 13 U.S. life sciences experiments. Studies focused on bone, neuromuscular and vestibular physiology, circadian rhythms, and metabolism. Two rhesus monkeys served as experimental subjects on the mission. As on previous Cosmos biosatellite missions, the monkeys were trained to activate food and juice dispensers. In addition, they were trained to operate a foot pedal so that muscle responses could be studied in flight. For in-flight neurovestibular testing, the monkeys were trained to make hand and head movements in response to visual stimuli.
Several of the hardware elements on the biosatellite were improved for Cosmos 2229. The in-flight data recording system was enhanced, making high-quality brain and neuromuscular recordings possible. The monkey feeder system was improved, and a backup juice dispenser was available. The monkey restraint system was modified to allow more arm movement. The neurovestibular data acquisition system was updated through a joint U.S.-Russian development effort, allowing more parameters to be recorded in flight.
NSSDC ID: 1992-095A http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1992-095A
Other Names
Launch Date/Time: 1992-12-29 at 13:30:00 UTC
On-orbit Dry Mass: 6000 kg
Commonwealth of Independent States
The Commonwealth of Independent States is a regional organization whose participating countries are former Soviet Republics, formed during the breakup of the Soviet Union....
spacecraft, was launched by a Soyuz-U
Soyuz-U
The Soyuz-U launch vehicle is an improved version of the original Soyuz LV. Soyuz-U is part of the R-7 family of rockets based on the R-7 Semyorka missile. Members of this rocket family were designed by the TsSKB design bureau and constructed at the Progress Factory in Samara, Russia....
rocket from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome
Plesetsk Cosmodrome
Plesetsk Cosmodrome is a Russian spaceport, located in Arkhangelsk Oblast, about 800 km north of Moscow and approximately 200 km south of Arkhangelsk.-Overview:...
. It was part of the Bion program
Bion (satellite)
The Bion satellites or Bion space program , also named Biocosmos, were a series of Soviet biosatellites. They were part of the Cosmos satellites....
. It carried two monkey
Monkey
A monkey is a primate, either an Old World monkey or a New World monkey. There are about 260 known living species of monkey. Many are arboreal, although there are species that live primarily on the ground, such as baboons. Monkeys are generally considered to be intelligent. Unlike apes, monkeys...
s and several insects, amphibians, plants, and cell culture
Cell culture
Cell culture is the complex process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. In practice, the term "cell culture" has come to refer to the culturing of cells derived from singlecellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells. However, there are also cultures of plants, fungi and microbes,...
s. Participating scientists were from nine countries and ESA
European Space Agency
The European Space Agency , established in 1975, is an intergovernmental organisation dedicated to the exploration of space, currently with 18 member states...
. In the planning stages this mission was named Bion '92.
The Cosmos 2229 spacecraft orbited the Earth for almost 12 days. The payload, also designated Bion 10, contained 13 U.S. life sciences experiments. Studies focused on bone, neuromuscular and vestibular physiology, circadian rhythms, and metabolism. Two rhesus monkeys served as experimental subjects on the mission. As on previous Cosmos biosatellite missions, the monkeys were trained to activate food and juice dispensers. In addition, they were trained to operate a foot pedal so that muscle responses could be studied in flight. For in-flight neurovestibular testing, the monkeys were trained to make hand and head movements in response to visual stimuli.
Several of the hardware elements on the biosatellite were improved for Cosmos 2229. The in-flight data recording system was enhanced, making high-quality brain and neuromuscular recordings possible. The monkey feeder system was improved, and a backup juice dispenser was available. The monkey restraint system was modified to allow more arm movement. The neurovestibular data acquisition system was updated through a joint U.S.-Russian development effort, allowing more parameters to be recorded in flight.
NSSDC ID: 1992-095A http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1992-095A
Other Names
- Biocosmos 10
- Cosmos 2229
- 22300
Launch Date/Time: 1992-12-29 at 13:30:00 UTC
On-orbit Dry Mass: 6000 kg