Biagio Marin
Encyclopedia
Biagio Marin was an Italian
poet, best known from his poems in the Venetian-Friulian dialect, which had no literary tradition until then. In his writings he has never obeyed rhetoric or poetics. He only uses a few hundred words for his poems.
, in what was then the Austro-Hungarian county of Gorizia and Gradisca
. His family was a middle class family of modest origins, his father, Antonio Raugna, was an innkeeper. His mother Maria Raugna died early in his life, and he was then raised by his paternal grandmother.
In his youth he was a irredentist. He was sent to the gymnasium in Görz, where is education was in German, there he started to write literary texts in German. After Görz he went to study in Venice
, and Florence
. In Florence he met the writesrs Scipio Slataper
, Giani Stuparich
, Carlo Stuparich, Umberto Saba
and Virgilio Giotti. He started to write for the magazine Voce (Voice),which was then the most famous magazine of its time. There he began to write his first poems in the Venetian-Friulian dialect. In 1912 he starts to study in Vienna
. There he reads Russian and Scandinavian authors and meets the Austrian educator Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster , who will have great influence in its subsequent choices of study and work. He published the Book "Fiuri de tapo", which is the first serious poetry book in the Venetian-Friulian dialect. During his studies in vienna, there was an Italian student demontration in favor of the Italian University in Triest, where he was sent as the spokesman for the demonstrators to the dean. In the conversation with the dean he declared that he wishes for Austria's defeat in the war. After two Years in Vienna he returns to Florence
He participates in debates with his friends Umberto Saba and Scipio Slataper in the Cafe Aragno about the war, and if artists should go to war.
as a soldier for the 47th Infantry Regiment. He deserts to Italia, is already infected with tuberculosis, but fights as a soldier in the Italian army against the Austrian troops.
He graduates in philosophy
under Bernardino Varisco, the fascistic philosopher Giovanni Gentile
whose idealistic doctrine had already exerted a profound influence on him, was the chairman of the committee. Varisco has offered to his pupil a place at the University. But Marin was eager to run to the front. Arriving in Stra nel Veneto he suffers from a relapse. When an Italian captain treated him boorishly, he protests with the words "Wir Österreicher sind an einen anderen Stil gewöhnt" "Captain, you are a villain; we Austrians are accustomed to different manners"
shocked and depressed him.
In 1945 he becomes involved in the Liberal part of the Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale On April 27, 1945 he was asked if he could preside on the Committee for the Liberation of Trieste, and becomes its president.
in Triest.
His private library was moved after his death to the Biblioteca Civica in Grado.
He knew the family of Art-deco artist and designer Josef Maria Auchentaller, so well that he wrote about an affair Emma Auchentaller had when the couple visited Grado.
His son Falco Marin was a poet and essayist, who died during the World War Two in a fight against the Yugoslav partisans in the Province of Ljubljana
, Slovenia
on the 25 of July in 1943. Shortly before he had joined an anti-fascistic group. In 1977 his nephew Guy commits suicide, and a year later his wife Pina Marini dies.
The writer Claudio Magris
considered himself as one his best friends. He also said that Marin was both brother and father to him. Immediately after the death of his friend, Pier Paolo Pasolini
he wrote a Cycle of poems called "El critoleo del corpo fracasao" about him.
In 1970 the poet decides to publish all the poems written at that time in one volume, which, significantly for his sentimental attachment to his land will be titled Songs from the Island.His output in the 70s gains him the attention of Italian audiences. He is now obligated to write in Italian, so that everybody in Italian can understand him. Despite this he only wrote one book in Italian called "Acquamarina" in 1973
In 1985 he said that publishers where reluctant to publish even a selection of his poetry.
Collection of representative works He is one of the Founders of the Circolo della Cultura e delle Arti He was active for many years as president of the "Circolo di cultura italo-austriaco" in Trieste, and he was among the first leaders of the "Incontri Culturali Mitteleuropei" in Gorizia.
For Pier Paolo Pasolini, Marin's poems where the greatest Italian verses written in a contemporary dialect.
Luigi Dallapiccola
´s first work was named after the first book by Marin, Fiuri de tapo. It used Poems by Marin.
Peter Handke
cites a poem of Marin in his book "Gestern unterwegs"
In 1983 a research center was created, which has its headquarters in the Public Library “Falco Marin” . A National Prize called "POESIA IN DIALETTO" is awarded each year to a writer of dialect poetry from the center, the prize takes its name from Marin. The center also awards thesis works regarding Marin.
Italian people
The Italian people are an ethnic group that share a common Italian culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a mother tongue. Within Italy, Italians are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence , and are distinguished from people...
poet, best known from his poems in the Venetian-Friulian dialect, which had no literary tradition until then. In his writings he has never obeyed rhetoric or poetics. He only uses a few hundred words for his poems.
Early life
He was born on June 29, 1891 in the coastal town of GradoGrado, Italy
Grado is a town and comune in the north-eastern Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located on a peninsula of the Adriatic Sea between Venice and Trieste....
, in what was then the Austro-Hungarian county of Gorizia and Gradisca
Gorizia and Gradisca
The County of Gorizia and Gradisca was a Habsburg county in Central Europe, in what is now a multilingual border area of Italy and Slovenia. It was named for its two major urban centers, Gorizia and Gradisca d'Isonzo.-Province of the Habsburg Empire:...
. His family was a middle class family of modest origins, his father, Antonio Raugna, was an innkeeper. His mother Maria Raugna died early in his life, and he was then raised by his paternal grandmother.
In his youth he was a irredentist. He was sent to the gymnasium in Görz, where is education was in German, there he started to write literary texts in German. After Görz he went to study in Venice
Venice
Venice is a city in northern Italy which is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. It is the capital of the Veneto region...
, and Florence
Florence
Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....
. In Florence he met the writesrs Scipio Slataper
Scipio Slataper
Scipio Slataper was an Italian language writer from Trieste, most famous for his lyrical essay My Karst. He is considered, alongside Italo Svevo, as the initiator of the prolific tradition of Italian literature in Trieste....
, Giani Stuparich
Giani Stuparich
Giani Stuparich was an Italian author.He was born in Trieste, then in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire.In 1948 he won a gold medal in the art competitions of the Olympic Games for his "La Grotta" ....
, Carlo Stuparich, Umberto Saba
Umberto Saba
Umberto Poli was an Italian poet and novelist, born in the cosmopolitan Mediterranean port of Trieste when it was the fourth largest city of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Poli assumed the nom de plume "Saba" in 1910, and his name was officially changed to Umberto Saba in 1928. From 1919 he was the...
and Virgilio Giotti. He started to write for the magazine Voce (Voice),which was then the most famous magazine of its time. There he began to write his first poems in the Venetian-Friulian dialect. In 1912 he starts to study in Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
. There he reads Russian and Scandinavian authors and meets the Austrian educator Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster , who will have great influence in its subsequent choices of study and work. He published the Book "Fiuri de tapo", which is the first serious poetry book in the Venetian-Friulian dialect. During his studies in vienna, there was an Italian student demontration in favor of the Italian University in Triest, where he was sent as the spokesman for the demonstrators to the dean. In the conversation with the dean he declared that he wishes for Austria's defeat in the war. After two Years in Vienna he returns to Florence
Florence
Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....
He participates in debates with his friends Umberto Saba and Scipio Slataper in the Cafe Aragno about the war, and if artists should go to war.
First World War
In 1914 he is sent to MariborMaribor
Maribor is the second largest city in Slovenia with 157,947 inhabitants . Maribor is also the largest and the capital city of Slovenian region Lower Styria and the seat of the Municipality of Maribor....
as a soldier for the 47th Infantry Regiment. He deserts to Italia, is already infected with tuberculosis, but fights as a soldier in the Italian army against the Austrian troops.
He graduates in philosophy
Philosophy
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational...
under Bernardino Varisco, the fascistic philosopher Giovanni Gentile
Giovanni Gentile
Giovanni Gentile was an Italian neo-Hegelian Idealist philosopher, a peer of Benedetto Croce. He described himself as 'the philosopher of Fascism', and ghostwrote A Doctrine of Fascism for Benito Mussolini. He also devised his own system of philosophy, Actual Idealism.- Life and thought :Giovanni...
whose idealistic doctrine had already exerted a profound influence on him, was the chairman of the committee. Varisco has offered to his pupil a place at the University. But Marin was eager to run to the front. Arriving in Stra nel Veneto he suffers from a relapse. When an Italian captain treated him boorishly, he protests with the words "Wir Österreicher sind an einen anderen Stil gewöhnt" "Captain, you are a villain; we Austrians are accustomed to different manners"
Second World War
In the 1940s he writes in his diaries that he believes that only the Nazis could bring order to Europe. Hearing about the Concentration Camp Risiera di San SabbaRisiera di San Sabba
Risiera di San Sabba was a Nazi concentration camp for the detention and killing of political prisoners during World War II, located in Trieste, northern Italy. SS members Odilo Globocnik and Karl Frenzel, and Ivan Marchenko are all said to have participated in the killings at this camp. Erwin...
shocked and depressed him.
In 1945 he becomes involved in the Liberal part of the Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale On April 27, 1945 he was asked if he could preside on the Committee for the Liberation of Trieste, and becomes its president.
Career
He gets a job as Professor at the Scuola Magistrale in Görz, but has to leave when he gets into a dispute about his teaching method with the clerus at the school. He used the Gospel a teaching text. Then he works as a school inspector in the mandate of Gradisca d'Isonzo. From 1923 until 1937 he worked as the director of the tourismageny in Grado and as a librarian. After that he works as a Teacher for History, Philosophy and Literature in Triest until 1941. His next vocation was to be the librarian of the Assicurazioni GeneraliAssicurazioni Generali
Assicurazioni Generali S.p.A. is the largest insurance company in Italy and one of the largest in Europe. It has its headquarters in Trieste...
in Triest.
Late life
In 1968 he moved back to Grado, where he resided in a House at the beach. His Eyesight deteriorated, and for the rest of his live he was nearly blind and deafHis private library was moved after his death to the Biblioteca Civica in Grado.
Private life
In 1914 he marries Pina Marini with whom he had four children, Gioiella, FalcoHe knew the family of Art-deco artist and designer Josef Maria Auchentaller, so well that he wrote about an affair Emma Auchentaller had when the couple visited Grado.
His son Falco Marin was a poet and essayist, who died during the World War Two in a fight against the Yugoslav partisans in the Province of Ljubljana
Province of Ljubljana
The Province of Ljubljana was a province of the Kingdom of Italy and of the Nazi German Adriatic Littoral during World War II. It was created on May 3, 1941 from territory occupied and annexed to Italy after the Axis invasion and dissolution of Yugoslavia, and it was abolished on May 9, 1945, when...
, Slovenia
Slovenia
Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
on the 25 of July in 1943. Shortly before he had joined an anti-fascistic group. In 1977 his nephew Guy commits suicide, and a year later his wife Pina Marini dies.
The writer Claudio Magris
Claudio Magris
Claudio Magris is an Italian scholar, translator and writer.Magris graduated from the University of Turin, where he studied German studies, and has been a professor of modern German literature at the University of Trieste since 1978.He is an essayist and columnist for the Italian newspaper...
considered himself as one his best friends. He also said that Marin was both brother and father to him. Immediately after the death of his friend, Pier Paolo Pasolini
Pier Paolo Pasolini
Pier Paolo Pasolini was an Italian film director, poet, writer, and intellectual. Pasolini distinguished himself as a poet, journalist, philosopher, linguist, novelist, playwright, filmmaker, newspaper and magazine columnist, actor, painter and political figure...
he wrote a Cycle of poems called "El critoleo del corpo fracasao" about him.
Work
His poems, written in the Grado dialect of Venetian, are about the daily life and simple landscapes of his native land. He used the "lingua franca" that the merchants of the city used for his writings. He was influenced by Hölderlin and Heine. Religious thematics occur somethimes in his work. Andrea Zanzotto and Pier Paolo Pasolini had some difficulties with the existence of religious thematics in Marins workIn 1970 the poet decides to publish all the poems written at that time in one volume, which, significantly for his sentimental attachment to his land will be titled Songs from the Island.His output in the 70s gains him the attention of Italian audiences. He is now obligated to write in Italian, so that everybody in Italian can understand him. Despite this he only wrote one book in Italian called "Acquamarina" in 1973
In 1985 he said that publishers where reluctant to publish even a selection of his poetry.
Influence
His book "Nel silenzio più teso" is in the UnescoUNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations...
Collection of representative works He is one of the Founders of the Circolo della Cultura e delle Arti He was active for many years as president of the "Circolo di cultura italo-austriaco" in Trieste, and he was among the first leaders of the "Incontri Culturali Mitteleuropei" in Gorizia.
For Pier Paolo Pasolini, Marin's poems where the greatest Italian verses written in a contemporary dialect.
Luigi Dallapiccola
Luigi Dallapiccola
Luigi Dallapiccola was an Italian composer known for his lyrical twelve-tone compositions.-Biography:Dallapiccola was born at Pisino d'Istria , to Italian parents....
´s first work was named after the first book by Marin, Fiuri de tapo. It used Poems by Marin.
Peter Handke
Peter Handke
Peter Handke is an avant-garde Austrian novelist and playwright.-Early life:Handke and his mother lived in the Soviet-occupied Pankow district of Berlin from 1944 to 1948 before resettling in Griffen...
cites a poem of Marin in his book "Gestern unterwegs"
In 1983 a research center was created, which has its headquarters in the Public Library “Falco Marin” . A National Prize called "POESIA IN DIALETTO" is awarded each year to a writer of dialect poetry from the center, the prize takes its name from Marin. The center also awards thesis works regarding Marin.
Poems
- 1912 - Fiuri de tapo, Gorizia, republished 1999
- 1922 - La girlanda de gno suore, Gorizia, republished 2008
- 1927 - Canzone piccole, Udine,
- 1949 - Le litànie de la madona republished 2007
- 1951 - I canti de l'Isola, Udine,
- 1953 - Sénere colde, Rome,
- 1957 - Trìstessa de la sera, Verona,
- 1958 - L'estadela de S. Martin, Caltanissetta,
- 1959 - El fogo del ponente, Venice,
- 1961 - Solitàe, a cura di P.P. Pasolini, Milan,
- 1961 - I mesi dell'anno, Triest,
- 1962 - 12 poesie, Milan,
- 1963 - Elegìe istriane, Milan,
- 1964 - Il non tempo del mare, 1912–1962, Milan
- 1965 - Dopo la longa ìstae, Milan,
- 1965 - Elogio delle conchiglie, Milan,
- 1966 - La poesia è un dono, Milan,
- 1967 - E! mar de l'eterno, Milan,
- 1969 - Quanto più moro, Milao,
- 1969 - La vose de le scusse, Milan,
- 1969 - El picolo nio, Gorizia,
- 1970 - La vita xe fiama. Poesie 1963-1969, Turin,
- 1970 - I canti de l'Isola, 1912–1969, Triest,
- 1970 - Le litanie de la Madona, Grado,
- 1970 - La vita xe fiama: Poesie 1963-1969, Edited by Claudio Magris, Preface by Pier Paolo Pasolini
- 1971 - Friuli, Venezia, Giulia,
- 1973 - Aquamarina
- 1974 - El vento de l'Eterno se fa teso, Milan,
- 1974 - A sol calao, Milan,
- 1976 - El crìtoleo del corpo fracasao, Milan,
- 1976 - Pan de pura farina,
- 1977 - Stele cagiùe, Milan,
- 1978 - In memoria, Milan,
- 1980 - Nel silenzio più teso, Milan, edited by Biagio Marin and Claudio Magris
- 1981 - Poesie, Edited by Claudio Magris and Edda Serra
- 1982 - La vita xe fiama e altri versi, 1978–1981, edited by Biagio Marin and Claudio Magris
- 1982 - E anche il vento tase, Genova,
- 1982 - La girlanda de gno suore,
- 1985 - La vose de la sera, Milan,
- 2005 - La pace lontana: diari 1941-1950
- 2007 - Le due rive: reportages adriatici in prosa e in versi
- 2007 - Authoritratti e impegno civile: scritti rari e inediti dell'archivio Marin della Fondazione Cassa
- di risparmio di Gorizia : Biagio Marin
Prose
- 1955 - Grado l'isola d'oro, Grado,
- 1956 - Gorizìa la città mutilata, Gorìzia,
- 1965 - I delfini - Slataper, Milan,
- 1967 - Strade e rive di Trieste, Milan,
Other
- 1962 - Ricordo di Carlo Michelstaedter in: Studi Goriziani No. XXXII [1962]: page. 4f
About his work
- Bertazzolo Nicola, 2010 - "La Vita E Ll Opere Di"
- Erbani Francis, 2005 - The Republic Sept. 23, 2005
- Dante Maffia, 2001 - "BIAGIO MARIN"
- Pericle Camuffo, 2000 - Biagio Marin, la poesia, i filosofi
- 1997 - Poesia italiana del Novecento, by Ermanno Krumm and Tiziano Rossi
- 1996 - Leggere poesia, Atti del Convegno
- Anna De Simone (ed.), 1992 - L’isola Marin
- Giuseppe Radole, 1991 - I musicisti e la poesia di Biagio Marin
- E. Serra (ed.), 1981 - "Poesia e fortuna di Biagio Marin"
- 1980 - "Il silenzio di Marin" in Nuova Rivista Europea
- A. Zanzotto, 1977 - "Poesia che ascolta le onde" in Corriere della sera
- L. Borsetto, 1974 - "La poetica di Biagio Marin" in La rassegna della letteratura italiana
- C. Marabini, 1973 - "La ciave e il cerchio"
- E. Guagnini (ed.), 1973 - "El vento de l'eterno se fa teso"
External links
- http://books.google.at/books?id=DBONiHS8CH4C&pg=PA5&dq=Biagio+Marin&hl=de&ei=2gs-TJuZMdO4jAfavvT5Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCTgo#v=onepage&q=Biagio%20Marin&f=false A letter of Biaggio from the 19th January 1984
- http://userhome.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bonaffini/DP/marin.htm Some Poems in both in Italian and English translation
- http://www.biagiomarin.it/ Homepage of the Centro Studi Biagio Marin (in Italian)