Baltasar de la Cueva Enríquez
Encyclopedia
Don
Baltasar de la Cueva y Enríquez de Cabrera, iure uxoris Count of Castellar and Marquis of Malagón (sometimes Baltasar de la Cueva Enríquez de Cabrera y Arias de Saavedra) (1626, Madrid
—April 2, 1686) was viceroy of Peru from August 15, 1674 to July 7, 1678.
He was a younger son of the Duke of Alburquerque
, and brother of Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 8th Duke of Alburquerque
, who served as Viceroy of New Spain. He married Teresa María Arias de Saavedra, 7th Countess of Castellar.
on August 11, 1674 with the celebration of a corrida
. There were also bullfights in Lima
on November 6, 1674.
On November 15, 1674 he reported to the Spanish Court that it was necessary to reduce the number of holidays in the viceroyalty, because the number then "exceeded 35, that, together with religious holidays, almost means that the greater part of the year is a holiday". On May 14, 1676 the Court issued a decree approving a reduction.
During his period of administration, the laws of the Indies were compiled. Viceroy Cueva took steps to protect the Pacific coast from English and Dutch pirates. In 1675 he sent Antonio de Vea to investigate reports that the English had established bases in Patagonia
.
of Assyrian
descent, departed from Cádiz
, Spain for Peru on February 13, 1675. He was almost certainly the first Assyrian to visit the New World. His mission was to raise money for the repair of a Chaldean church in Baghdad and to gather alms for the Chaldean community. Ilyas traveled to many places in the viceroyalty, and met the viceroy in Lima. The two became friends.
born in Quito (some sources say he was born in Spain) named Pedro Bohórquez
took advantage of these rumors. He announced that he was Inca Hualpa, a descendant of Atahualpa
, and a prince of the Andes. He spoke perfect Quichúa
and had been accepted as a prince by the Andean tribes of Tucumán (Argentina). He claimed that his subjects knew the locations of the hidden treasures, and with that claim he was able to take in the governor of Río de la Plata
, Alonso Mercado y Villacorta
, marqués de Villacorta.
Inca Hualpa told the governor that for him to be able to get the information from the few subjects who knew it, the governor would need to recognize him as Prince of the Land. Only that would give him the authority to take possession of the hidden treasures. The governor did allow the Indigenous to proclaim him prince, and he even left with an entourage to greet and congratulate Inca Huallpa. The latter set out to meet the governor. They met in Tafí and exchanged compliments.
When Viceroy Cueva heard of the fraud, he ordered that Bohórquez (Inca Hualpa) be arrested. Bohórquez returned to his followers in the Andes, where he denounced the "treason" of the Spanish and incited the Indigenous to revolt. The Calchaquí
es took up arms, but they were disastrously defeated. The survivors were distributed to encomienda
s. Other associated tribes were removed from their mountain valleys and transported to distant places. The Quilmes
were transported to Buenos Aires
, where a town still bears that name. Bohórquez himself was taken to Lima and hanged.
Other reports claim that Bohorques had earlier duped Viceroy Cueva, making him think that he had discovered the "fabulous country of Enin, and visited its gold palaces and precious treasures." The viceroy was deceived, and gave him 36 soldiers. Bohórquez then disappeared.
replaced him as viceroy. He died in 1686.
Don (honorific)
Don, from Latin dominus, is an honorific in Spanish , Portuguese , and Italian . The female equivalent is Doña , Dona , and Donna , abbreviated "Dª" or simply "D."-Usage:...
Baltasar de la Cueva y Enríquez de Cabrera, iure uxoris Count of Castellar and Marquis of Malagón (sometimes Baltasar de la Cueva Enríquez de Cabrera y Arias de Saavedra) (1626, Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
—April 2, 1686) was viceroy of Peru from August 15, 1674 to July 7, 1678.
He was a younger son of the Duke of Alburquerque
Duke of Alburquerque
For the Portuguese title: see Duke of Albuquerque .For the Spanish title: Duke of Alburquerque may refer to:*Beltrán de la Cueva, 1st Duke of Alburquerque*Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 2nd Duke of Alburquerque...
, and brother of Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 8th Duke of Alburquerque
Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 8th Duke of Alburquerque
Francisco Fernández de la Cueva y Enriquez de Cabrera , 8th Duke of Alburquerque, Marquis of Cuéllar, Count of Ledesma and of Huelma was a Spanish military officer and viceroy of New Spain from August 15, 1653 to September 15, 1660...
, who served as Viceroy of New Spain. He married Teresa María Arias de Saavedra, 7th Countess of Castellar.
His administration
He was welcomed upon his arrival in Peru at the port of CallaoCallao
Callao is the largest and most important port in Peru. The city is coterminous with the Constitutional Province of Callao, the only province of the Callao Region. Callao is located west of Lima, the country's capital, and is part of the Lima Metropolitan Area, a large metropolis that holds almost...
on August 11, 1674 with the celebration of a corrida
Bullfighting
Bullfighting is a traditional spectacle of Spain, Portugal, southern France and some Latin American countries , in which one or more bulls are baited in a bullring for sport and entertainment...
. There were also bullfights in Lima
Lima
Lima is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers, in the central part of the country, on a desert coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima...
on November 6, 1674.
On November 15, 1674 he reported to the Spanish Court that it was necessary to reduce the number of holidays in the viceroyalty, because the number then "exceeded 35, that, together with religious holidays, almost means that the greater part of the year is a holiday". On May 14, 1676 the Court issued a decree approving a reduction.
During his period of administration, the laws of the Indies were compiled. Viceroy Cueva took steps to protect the Pacific coast from English and Dutch pirates. In 1675 he sent Antonio de Vea to investigate reports that the English had established bases in Patagonia
Patagonia
Patagonia is a region located in Argentina and Chile, integrating the southernmost section of the Andes mountains to the southwest towards the Pacific ocean and from the east of the cordillera to the valleys it follows south through Colorado River towards Carmen de Patagones in the Atlantic Ocean...
.
Ilyas ibn Hanna al-Mawsili
Ilyas ibn Hanna al-Mawsili (Elias, son of John of Mosul), a Chaldean ChristianChaldean Christians
Chaldean Christians are ethnic Assyrian adherents of the Chaldean Catholic Church, most of whom entered communion with the Catholic Church from the Church of the East, which was already Catholic, but most wanted to stray away from the Catholic Church, causing the split in the 17th and 18th...
of Assyrian
Assyrian people
The Assyrian people are a distinct ethnic group whose origins lie in ancient Mesopotamia...
descent, departed from Cádiz
Cádiz
Cadiz is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the homonymous province, one of eight which make up the autonomous community of Andalusia....
, Spain for Peru on February 13, 1675. He was almost certainly the first Assyrian to visit the New World. His mission was to raise money for the repair of a Chaldean church in Baghdad and to gather alms for the Chaldean community. Ilyas traveled to many places in the viceroyalty, and met the viceroy in Lima. The two became friends.
Uprising of Pedro Bohórquez (Inca Hualpa)
During this time a curious fraud occurred, resulting in an Indian uprising. Rumors of enormous wealth hidden generations earlier by the Indigenous in caves and lakes circulated widely. A campesinoPeasant
A peasant is an agricultural worker who generally tend to be poor and homeless-Etymology:The word is derived from 15th century French païsant meaning one from the pays, or countryside, ultimately from the Latin pagus, or outlying administrative district.- Position in society :Peasants typically...
born in Quito (some sources say he was born in Spain) named Pedro Bohórquez
Pedro Bohórquez
Pedro Chamijo , more commonly known as Pedro Bohórquez or Inca Hualpa, was a Spanish adventurer in the Viceroyalty of Peru. He was probably born in Spain, but some sources say he was born in Quito...
took advantage of these rumors. He announced that he was Inca Hualpa, a descendant of Atahualpa
Atahualpa
Atahualpa, Atahuallpa, Atabalipa, or Atawallpa , was the last Sapa Inca or sovereign emperor of the Tahuantinsuyu, or the Inca Empire, prior to the Spanish conquest of Peru...
, and a prince of the Andes. He spoke perfect Quichúa
Kichwa
Kichwa is a Quechuan language, and includes all Quechua varieties spoken in Ecuador and Colombia by approximately 2,500,000 people...
and had been accepted as a prince by the Andean tribes of Tucumán (Argentina). He claimed that his subjects knew the locations of the hidden treasures, and with that claim he was able to take in the governor of Río de la Plata
Río de la Plata
The Río de la Plata —sometimes rendered River Plate in British English and the Commonwealth, and occasionally rendered [La] Plata River in other English-speaking countries—is the river and estuary formed by the confluence of the Uruguay River and the Paraná River on the border between Argentina and...
, Alonso Mercado y Villacorta
Alonso Mercado y Villacorta
Alonso de Mercado y Villacorta, Marquis of Villacorta was a Spanish civil servant, acting in the Río de la Plata area.Born in Catalonia, he was Governor of Tucumán from 1655 to 1660...
, marqués de Villacorta.
Inca Hualpa told the governor that for him to be able to get the information from the few subjects who knew it, the governor would need to recognize him as Prince of the Land. Only that would give him the authority to take possession of the hidden treasures. The governor did allow the Indigenous to proclaim him prince, and he even left with an entourage to greet and congratulate Inca Huallpa. The latter set out to meet the governor. They met in Tafí and exchanged compliments.
When Viceroy Cueva heard of the fraud, he ordered that Bohórquez (Inca Hualpa) be arrested. Bohórquez returned to his followers in the Andes, where he denounced the "treason" of the Spanish and incited the Indigenous to revolt. The Calchaquí
Calchaquí
The Calchaquí were a tribe of South American Indians of the Diaguita group, now extinct, who formerly occupied northern Argentina. Stone and other remains prove them to have reached a high degree of civilization...
es took up arms, but they were disastrously defeated. The survivors were distributed to encomienda
Encomienda
The encomienda was a system that was employed mainly by the Spanish crown during the colonization of the Americas to regulate Native American labor....
s. Other associated tribes were removed from their mountain valleys and transported to distant places. The Quilmes
Quilmes (tribe)
The Quilmes people were an indigenous tribe of the Diaguita group settled in the western subandean valleys of today’s Tucumán province, in northwestern Argentina. They fiercely resisted the Inca invasions of the 15th century, and continued to resist the Spaniards for 130 years, until being defeated...
were transported to Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after São Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent...
, where a town still bears that name. Bohórquez himself was taken to Lima and hanged.
Other reports claim that Bohorques had earlier duped Viceroy Cueva, making him think that he had discovered the "fabulous country of Enin, and visited its gold palaces and precious treasures." The viceroy was deceived, and gave him 36 soldiers. Bohórquez then disappeared.
Removal from office
A conflict with the powerful merchants of the colony led to Cueva Enríquez's removal from office. On July 7, 1678 Archbishop Melchor Liñán y CisnerosMelchor Liñán y Cisneros
Melchor Liñán y Cisneros was a Spanish prelate, colonial official, and viceroy Peru, from July 7, 1678 to November 20, 1681)....
replaced him as viceroy. He died in 1686.