Baixo Guandu, Espírito Santo
Encyclopedia
Baixo Guandu is a municipality
located in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo
that was founded on April 10, 1935 and established as a city on June 8, same year. The city's celebration day is April 10. Its population was 29,891 (2009) and its area is 918 km². The area is most well known for its exports of coffee, especially from the high mountains of the district of Alto Mutum Preto. The main watercourse through the municipality is the Rio Doce river ("Doce" means sweet in Portuguese) whose basin (of 83,500 square kilometers) is composed of 222 municipalities.
The county was created on April 10, 1935, it was initially colonized by migrants from Cantagalo Rio de Janeiro and Europe
an immigrants, especially from Italy
and Germany
.
The history of Baixo Guandu is directly linked to the pioneering spirit that marked the beginning of the 20th century in the valley of Rio Doce. The rails of the first train arrived in 1907 and the economic activities were intensified. The abundant wood was removed and taken by train to the capital.
According to the testimony of bandeirantes
and travelers who have visited the lower Rio Doce since the second half of the 20th century by the middle of last century, the Indians Botocudo
s native sons and daughters were masters of the region between Rio Doce and the River São Mateus.
The first penetration in the territory of the Baixo Guandu, the former jurisdiction of the municipality of Colatina
occurred in 1875, when the major José Vieira de Carvalho Milagres, veteran War of Paraguay reaches the confluence of the Rio Doce river Guandu and there down the core leading to the city.
The colonization of the region, initiated by major Milagres, had his base-grounded in the work of European immigrants of various origins, located in the colonial core of Afonso Pena, today Ibituba.
The foreign colonists settled in the valley of the guandu and the other Ribeirão do Lage. On both sides, there are still today the hallmarks of the European heritage in the region.
The Italians came in Baixo Guandu in 1866 by the initiative of Mr. Francisco Vieira de Carvalho Milagres. A Província do Espírito Santo of June 2, 1866, reported that Mr. Milagres written to his friend Guilherme Frederico, announcing the departure of Genoa
, with forty contractors. Days later, came, in fact, from Rio de Janeiro
, forty Italians, for their lands in the Rio Doce (June 5, 1866).
The farmer and settler Francisco Vieira de Carvalho Milagres returned to Europe
in 1894, in order to bring more workers to his land. The immigrants arrived in the Matteo Bruzzo, as the news of the State of the Espirito Santo of December 8 of the same year and, on 10, went to Rio Doce, and from there, took their destination, where even today, there are their descendants.
As if it had been the desire to repair the abolition of the District of Baixo Guandu, President Henrique da Silva Coutinho created the colony of 1905, including this area is not legitimate Baixo Guandu, to the limits with the municipality of Afonso Cláudio
and Minas Gerais
. Divided and donated a portion of the batch, they were sold to Italian, French
, German
, and Spanish
settlers them crowded.
The farmer Francisco da Cunha Ramaldes, born in 1861, son of José da Cunha Ramaldes and Balbina Maria de Jesus, from Lajinha do Chalé, State of Minas Gerais, establishes in 1910 in the mountain region of Alto Mutum Preto where he initiates a very lucrative coffee plantation.
Baixo Guandu was the first Brazilian city to receive water treated with fluoride in 1953 in order to reduce the incidence of caries, especially among children.
In 1974, was inaugurated in the city's largest hydroelectric plant in the state, providing power to the Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais. The reservoir, with the use of the waters of the Rio Doce, reaches the volume of 39,500,000 meters cubic. The dam of reinforced concrete measures 45 meters high and 539 meters wide.
Average annual rainfall index: 1,500mm
. This railroad also carried 1.1 million passengers in 2006.
Distances from major centers:
Municipality
A municipality is essentially an urban administrative division having corporate status and usually powers of self-government. It can also be used to mean the governing body of a municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district...
located in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo
Espírito Santo
Espírito Santo is one of the states of southeastern Brazil, often referred to by the abbreviation "ES". Its capital is Vitória and the largest city is Vila Velha. The name of the state means literally "holy spirit" after the Holy Ghost of Christianity...
that was founded on April 10, 1935 and established as a city on June 8, same year. The city's celebration day is April 10. Its population was 29,891 (2009) and its area is 918 km². The area is most well known for its exports of coffee, especially from the high mountains of the district of Alto Mutum Preto. The main watercourse through the municipality is the Rio Doce river ("Doce" means sweet in Portuguese) whose basin (of 83,500 square kilometers) is composed of 222 municipalities.
History
Situated in the valley of the Rio Doce, Baixo Guandu occupies a prominent place in the political and socio-economical development of the Espírito Santo.The county was created on April 10, 1935, it was initially colonized by migrants from Cantagalo Rio de Janeiro and Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
an immigrants, especially from Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
and Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
.
The history of Baixo Guandu is directly linked to the pioneering spirit that marked the beginning of the 20th century in the valley of Rio Doce. The rails of the first train arrived in 1907 and the economic activities were intensified. The abundant wood was removed and taken by train to the capital.
According to the testimony of bandeirantes
Bandeirantes
The bandeirantes were composed of Indians , caboclos , and some whites who were the captains of the Bandeiras. Members of the 16th–18th century South American slave-hunting expeditions called bandeiras...
and travelers who have visited the lower Rio Doce since the second half of the 20th century by the middle of last century, the Indians Botocudo
Botocudo
Botocudo , is the foreign name for a tribe of South American Indians of eastern Brazil, also known as the Aimorés, Aimborés, or Krenak people...
s native sons and daughters were masters of the region between Rio Doce and the River São Mateus.
The first penetration in the territory of the Baixo Guandu, the former jurisdiction of the municipality of Colatina
Colatina
-Geography:Colatina is the second largest city in the north of Espírito Santo, Brazil, 127 km north of the capital Vitória and on the trainline from Vitória to Minas Gerais. It lies on the banks of the Doce river, through which as much as 700 cubic meters of water per second may flow...
occurred in 1875, when the major José Vieira de Carvalho Milagres, veteran War of Paraguay reaches the confluence of the Rio Doce river Guandu and there down the core leading to the city.
The colonization of the region, initiated by major Milagres, had his base-grounded in the work of European immigrants of various origins, located in the colonial core of Afonso Pena, today Ibituba.
The foreign colonists settled in the valley of the guandu and the other Ribeirão do Lage. On both sides, there are still today the hallmarks of the European heritage in the region.
The Italians came in Baixo Guandu in 1866 by the initiative of Mr. Francisco Vieira de Carvalho Milagres. A Província do Espírito Santo of June 2, 1866, reported that Mr. Milagres written to his friend Guilherme Frederico, announcing the departure of Genoa
Genoa
Genoa |Ligurian]] Zena ; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria....
, with forty contractors. Days later, came, in fact, from Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
, forty Italians, for their lands in the Rio Doce (June 5, 1866).
The farmer and settler Francisco Vieira de Carvalho Milagres returned to Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
in 1894, in order to bring more workers to his land. The immigrants arrived in the Matteo Bruzzo, as the news of the State of the Espirito Santo of December 8 of the same year and, on 10, went to Rio Doce, and from there, took their destination, where even today, there are their descendants.
As if it had been the desire to repair the abolition of the District of Baixo Guandu, President Henrique da Silva Coutinho created the colony of 1905, including this area is not legitimate Baixo Guandu, to the limits with the municipality of Afonso Cláudio
Afonso Claudio
Afonso Cláudio is the name of a municipality and its capital in east central Espírito Santo, Brazil, founded in 1963. The town, at a height of 610m above sea level, has a population of approximately 9,957 and an area of 361.7 km², and a population density of 27,53 inhabitants/km²...
and Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais is one of the 26 states of Brazil, of which it is the second most populous, the third richest, and the fourth largest in area. Minas Gerais is the Brazilian state with the largest number of Presidents of Brazil, the current one, Dilma Rousseff, being one of them. The capital is the...
. Divided and donated a portion of the batch, they were sold to Italian, French
French people
The French are a nation that share a common French culture and speak the French language as a mother tongue. Historically, the French population are descended from peoples of Celtic, Latin and Germanic origin, and are today a mixture of several ethnic groups...
, German
Germans
The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....
, and Spanish
Spanish people
The Spanish are citizens of the Kingdom of Spain. Within Spain, there are also a number of vigorous nationalisms and regionalisms, reflecting the country's complex history....
settlers them crowded.
The farmer Francisco da Cunha Ramaldes, born in 1861, son of José da Cunha Ramaldes and Balbina Maria de Jesus, from Lajinha do Chalé, State of Minas Gerais, establishes in 1910 in the mountain region of Alto Mutum Preto where he initiates a very lucrative coffee plantation.
Baixo Guandu was the first Brazilian city to receive water treated with fluoride in 1953 in order to reduce the incidence of caries, especially among children.
In 1974, was inaugurated in the city's largest hydroelectric plant in the state, providing power to the Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais. The reservoir, with the use of the waters of the Rio Doce, reaches the volume of 39,500,000 meters cubic. The dam of reinforced concrete measures 45 meters high and 539 meters wide.
Climate
Temperature:- Annual average: 30 °C
- Annual maximum average: 40 °C
- Annual minimum average: 20 °C
Average annual rainfall index: 1,500mm
Transportation
Baixo Guandu is served by the Vitória a Minas railroad, which is a 905 km railroad, which is used to transport iron from the Iron Quadrangle in Minas Gerais to the Port of Tubarão in the state of Espírito SantoEspírito Santo
Espírito Santo is one of the states of southeastern Brazil, often referred to by the abbreviation "ES". Its capital is Vitória and the largest city is Vila Velha. The name of the state means literally "holy spirit" after the Holy Ghost of Christianity...
. This railroad also carried 1.1 million passengers in 2006.
- Vitória – 186 km
- Belo HorizonteBelo HorizonteBelo Horizonte is the capital of and largest city in the state of Minas Gerais, located in the southeastern region of Brazil. It is the third largest metropolitan area in the country...
– 499 km - Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
- 576 km - São PauloSão PauloSão Paulo is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and South America, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among...
- 976 km - BrasíliaBrasíliaBrasília is the capital city of Brazil. The name is commonly spelled Brasilia in English. The city and its District are located in the Central-West region of the country, along a plateau known as Planalto Central. It has a population of about 2,557,000 as of the 2008 IBGE estimate, making it the...
- 1,181 km
Districts
- Baixo Guandu (sede)
- Alto Mutum Preto
- Ibituba
- km 14 do Mutum
- Vila Nova do Bananal