BMW M10
Encyclopedia
The BMW
M10/M12 was a straight-4
piston engine produced from 1961 to 1987. Displacement ranged from 1499 cc to 1990 cc.
The engine was designed by noted engineer and race driver Baron Alex von Falkenhausen. He was asked to design a small-displacement (1.3 L) engine, but felt that this would be insufficient for the company's future needs. Therefore, he designed a block that could be expanded to 2.0 L and delivered it at 1.5 L.
The design was very successful, with over 3.5 million produced, and it served the company for over 25 years.
The Soviet
UZAM 412 engine powering the Moskvitch 412
after 1967 has similar design in several aspects, especially the cylinder head
.
As the BMW M12, the engine is also one of the most successful engines in racing. Starting with the European Touring Car Championship
, it was also used in Formula Two
and in the Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft
, where it was turbocharged by Paul Rosche according to FIA Group 5
rules.
The M12 went on to Formula One
, winning the 1983 championship for Nelson Piquet
and Brabham — something which very few 20-year-old road car engine designs accomplish. The same applies for the rise in power: twentyfold from 75 hp to about 1500 hp.
The BMW S14
engine for the first BMW M3
was based upon the M10 block. In the M3, the M10 block design is still winning races today.
The BMW M40
series of engines replaced the M10 in the late 1980s.
turbocharged
engine in the summer of 1981, and for the 1982 Formula One season
the new BT50 was designed around it. Brabham thus became the third team after Renault and Ferrari to employ a turbo engine.
Initially the turbo engine's electronics had reliability and driveability issues. The BMW and Brabham relationship came close to ending, with BMW insisting that Brabham stop using the Cosworth powered BT49Ds, while Ecclestone maintained that the BMW powered cars were not reliable enough. Together with Bosch
, the BMW engineers solved the problem. The partnership took its first win at the 1982 Canadian Grand Prix
. In 1983 Nelson Piquet became the first driver to win the world championship in a turbo-engined car.
Murray's radical long and low BT55 was fitted with a revised BMW engine tilted over to allow clean airflow to the rear wing. The design was not successful, scoring only two points in the 1986 Formula One season
; the engine did not perform well in this orientation and the gearbox from Weissman was unreliable.
From 1986 onwards BMW wound down their Formula One involvement. In 1987 Brabham continued to use the 'tilted' units, as the upright versions had been sold to other teams under the Megatron
name — they were used by Arrows
and Ligier with moderate success. BMW, whose programme was based around turbocharged versions of their road engines, withdrew from Formula One after the 1987 season. The Megatron badged units were used until the end of 1988.
) and 118 ft·lbf of torque
(160 N·m).
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Displacement 107.8 CI 1766 cc
101 hp (75 kW) @5800 rpm
103 ft/lb (140Nm)@4500 rpm
Compression: 9.0:1
Stroke 2.79in / 71 mm
Bore 3.50in / 89 mm
Firing order 1-3-4-2
Applications:
M10B18 had a 89 mm bore and 71 mm stroke. Also, in E30 as 318i, very unusual for that time, it could stretch the 2nd gear all the way to 100 km/h.
BMW
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG is a German automobile, motorcycle and engine manufacturing company founded in 1916. It also owns and produces the Mini marque, and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW produces motorcycles under BMW Motorrad and Husqvarna brands...
M10/M12 was a straight-4
Straight-4
The inline-four engine or straight-four engine is an internal combustion engine with all four cylinders mounted in a straight line, or plane along the crankcase. The single bank of cylinders may be oriented in either a vertical or an inclined plane with all the pistons driving a common crankshaft....
piston engine produced from 1961 to 1987. Displacement ranged from 1499 cc to 1990 cc.
The engine was designed by noted engineer and race driver Baron Alex von Falkenhausen. He was asked to design a small-displacement (1.3 L) engine, but felt that this would be insufficient for the company's future needs. Therefore, he designed a block that could be expanded to 2.0 L and delivered it at 1.5 L.
The design was very successful, with over 3.5 million produced, and it served the company for over 25 years.
The Soviet
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
UZAM 412 engine powering the Moskvitch 412
Moskvitch 412
The Moskvitch 412 , also called 2140 in 1975 prior to discontinuation and 1500 SL outside USSR, is a small family car produced by Soviet manufacturer MZMA/AZLK from 1967 to 1976. It was also built as the Izh 412 by IZH in Izhevsk from 1967 to 1982 and replaced by the spun off Izh Comby series...
after 1967 has similar design in several aspects, especially the cylinder head
Cylinder head
In an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head sits above the cylinders on top of the cylinder block. It closes in the top of the cylinder, forming the combustion chamber. This joint is sealed by a head gasket...
.
As the BMW M12, the engine is also one of the most successful engines in racing. Starting with the European Touring Car Championship
European Touring Car Championship
The European Touring Car Championship was an international touring car racing series organised by the FIA. It had two incarnations, the first one between 1963 and 1988, and the second between 2000 and 2004...
, it was also used in Formula Two
Formula Two
Formula Two, abbreviated to F2, is a type of open wheel formula racing. It was replaced by Formula 3000 in 1985, but the FIA announced in 2008 that Formula Two would return for 2009 in the form of the FIA Formula Two Championship...
and in the Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft
Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft
Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft or simply DRM as it was known, was a touring car and Sportscar racing series...
, where it was turbocharged by Paul Rosche according to FIA Group 5
Group 5 (racing)
Group 5 was an FIA motor racing classification which was applied to four distinct categories during the years 1966 to 1982. Initially Group 5 regulations defined a Special Touring Car category and from 1970 to 1971 the classification was applied to limited production Sports Cars restricted to 5...
rules.
The M12 went on to Formula One
Formula One
Formula One, also known as Formula 1 or F1 and referred to officially as the FIA Formula One World Championship, is the highest class of single seater auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . The "formula" designation in the name refers to a set of rules with which...
, winning the 1983 championship for Nelson Piquet
Nelson Piquet
Nelson Piquet Souto Maior , known as Nelson Piquet, is a Brazilian former racing driver. He was Formula One world champion in , and . He is one of eight drivers to win three or more world championships, the others being Jack Brabham, Jackie Stewart, Niki Lauda, Ayrton Senna , Alain Prost , Juan...
and Brabham — something which very few 20-year-old road car engine designs accomplish. The same applies for the rise in power: twentyfold from 75 hp to about 1500 hp.
The BMW S14
BMW S14
The BMW S14 is a 2.3 L DOHC 16-valve I4 piston engine. It was used in the E30 M3. The S14 is essentially a BMW M10 basic engine block casting with modified oil drain back passages and a M88/S38 DOHC cylinder head . It has four separate throttle bodies...
engine for the first BMW M3
BMW M3
The BMW M3 is a high-performance version of the BMW 3 Series, developed by BMW's in-house motorsport division, BMW M. M3 models have been derived from the E30, E36, E46 and E90/E92/E93 3-series, and sold with coupé, sedan and convertible body styles...
was based upon the M10 block. In the M3, the M10 block design is still winning races today.
The BMW M40
BMW M40
The BMW M40 is an I4 piston engine. Engine displacement ranges from 1600 cc to 1800 cc.-M40B16:The M40B16 is a 1.6 L version of the M40 producing 102 hp of mechanical power and lbf of torque using Bosch M1.3 fuel injection...
series of engines replaced the M10 in the late 1980s.
Formula One history
Brabham had tested a BMWBMW Sauber
BMW has been involved in Formula One in a number of capacities since the inauguration of the World Drivers' Championship in . The company entered occasional races in the 1950s and 1960s , before building the BMW M12/13 inline-four turbocharged engine in the 1980s...
turbocharged
Turbocharger
A turbocharger, or turbo , from the Greek "τύρβη" is a centrifugal compressor powered by a turbine that is driven by an engine's exhaust gases. Its benefit lies with the compressor increasing the mass of air entering the engine , thereby resulting in greater performance...
engine in the summer of 1981, and for the 1982 Formula One season
1982 Formula One season
The 1982 Formula One season was the 33rd FIA Formula One World Championship season. It commenced on January 23, 1982, and ended on September 25 after sixteen races. The World Drivers' Championship was won by Williams driver Keke Rosberg. Rosberg was the first driver since Mike Hawthorn in the 1958...
the new BT50 was designed around it. Brabham thus became the third team after Renault and Ferrari to employ a turbo engine.
Initially the turbo engine's electronics had reliability and driveability issues. The BMW and Brabham relationship came close to ending, with BMW insisting that Brabham stop using the Cosworth powered BT49Ds, while Ecclestone maintained that the BMW powered cars were not reliable enough. Together with Bosch
Robert Bosch GmbH
Robert Bosch GmbH is a multinational engineering and electronics company headquartered in Gerlingen, near Stuttgart, Germany. It is the world's largest supplier of automotive components...
, the BMW engineers solved the problem. The partnership took its first win at the 1982 Canadian Grand Prix
1982 Canadian Grand Prix
The 1982 Canadian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve on June 13, 1982. Riccardo Paletti was killed at the start of the race, when his car ran into the back of the stationary Ferrari of Didier Pironi who had stalled on the grid...
. In 1983 Nelson Piquet became the first driver to win the world championship in a turbo-engined car.
Murray's radical long and low BT55 was fitted with a revised BMW engine tilted over to allow clean airflow to the rear wing. The design was not successful, scoring only two points in the 1986 Formula One season
1986 Formula One season
The 1986 Formula One season was the 37th FIA Formula One World Championship season. It commenced on March 23, 1986, and ended on October 26 after sixteen races....
; the engine did not perform well in this orientation and the gearbox from Weissman was unreliable.
From 1986 onwards BMW wound down their Formula One involvement. In 1987 Brabham continued to use the 'tilted' units, as the upright versions had been sold to other teams under the Megatron
Megatron (engine)
The BMW M12/13 turbo 1500 cc 4-cylinder turbocharged Formula One engine, based on the standard BMW M10 engine introduced in 1961, powered the F1 cars of Brabham, Arrows and Benetton and won the world championship in 1983....
name — they were used by Arrows
Arrows
Arrows Grand Prix International was a British Formula One team active from to . For a period of time, it was also known as Footwork.-Origins :...
and Ligier with moderate success. BMW, whose programme was based around turbocharged versions of their road engines, withdrew from Formula One after the 1987 season. The Megatron badged units were used until the end of 1988.
M115
The 1.5 L (1499 cc/91 in3) M115 produced 75 hp or 80 hp (56 kW or 60 kW) (depending on carburetorCarburetor
A carburetor , carburettor, or carburetter is a device that blends air and fuel for an internal combustion engine. It is sometimes shortened to carb in North America and the United Kingdom....
) and 118 ft·lbf of torque
Torque
Torque, moment or moment of force , is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis, fulcrum, or pivot. Just as a force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist....
(160 N·m).
Applications:
- 1962-1964 BMW 1500BMW New ClassThe BMW New Class was a line of compact sedans and coupes produced by German automaker BMW starting with the 1962 1500 and continuing through the last 2002s in 1977....
- 1975-1977 BMW 1500BMW New ClassThe BMW New Class was a line of compact sedans and coupes produced by German automaker BMW starting with the 1962 1500 and continuing through the last 2002s in 1977....
M118
The 1.8 L (1773 cc/108 in3) M118 produced 90 hp to 130 hp (67 kW to 97 kW) and 143 to 150 ft·lbf (194 to 203 N·m).Applications:
- 1963-1974 BMW 1800BMW New ClassThe BMW New Class was a line of compact sedans and coupes produced by German automaker BMW starting with the 1962 1500 and continuing through the last 2002s in 1977....
- 1974 E12BMW E12The BMW E12 BMW 5-Series was made between 1972 and 1981. The E12 was the first series to bear the 5 Series name: the '5' denoting BMW's fifth 'New Class' platform. Designed as a replacement for the popular BMW New Class mid-size sedan, the E12 5-Series models were smaller than the large BMW E3...
518
M116
The 1.6 L (1573 cc/95 in3) M116 produced 75 hp to 105 hp (56 kW to 78 kW). Bore was 84 mm and stroke was 71 mm.Applications:
- 1964-1966 BMW 1600BMW New ClassThe BMW New Class was a line of compact sedans and coupes produced by German automaker BMW starting with the 1962 1500 and continuing through the last 2002s in 1977....
- 1966-1975 BMW 1600-2/1602BMW New ClassThe BMW New Class was a line of compact sedans and coupes produced by German automaker BMW starting with the 1962 1500 and continuing through the last 2002s in 1977....
M05
The 2.0 L (1990 cc/121 in3) M05 produced 100 hp to 120 hp (75 to 90 kW) and 157 ft·lbf to 167 ft·lbf (213 to 226 N·m). Bore was 89 mm and stroke was 80 mm.Applications:
- 1965-1969 BMW 2000CBMW New ClassThe BMW New Class was a line of compact sedans and coupes produced by German automaker BMW starting with the 1962 1500 and continuing through the last 2002s in 1977....
- 1966-1972 BMW 2000BMW New ClassThe BMW New Class was a line of compact sedans and coupes produced by German automaker BMW starting with the 1962 1500 and continuing through the last 2002s in 1977....
- 1968-1972 BMW 2002BMW New ClassThe BMW New Class was a line of compact sedans and coupes produced by German automaker BMW starting with the 1962 1500 and continuing through the last 2002s in 1977....
M15
The 2.0 L (1990 cc/121 in3) M15 produced 130 hp (96 kW) and 131 ft·lbf (177 N·m). It was the famed tii engine.Applications:
- 1972-1974 BMW 2002tiiBMW 2002tiiThe BMW 2002tii was the high performance, fuel injected, limited edition of BMW's 2002 automobile model line. It was a two door sports sedan based on the four door BMW 1500 of 1961.-Background:...
M17
The 2.0 L (1990 cc/121 in3) M17 produced 115 hp (86 kW) and 162 ft·lbf (220 N·m).Applications:
- 1972 E12BMW E12The BMW E12 BMW 5-Series was made between 1972 and 1981. The E12 was the first series to bear the 5 Series name: the '5' denoting BMW's fifth 'New Class' platform. Designed as a replacement for the popular BMW New Class mid-size sedan, the E12 5-Series models were smaller than the large BMW E3...
520
M31
The 2.0 L (1990 cc/121 in3) M31 was turbocharged and produced 170 hp (125 kW) and 177 ft·lbf (240 N·m).Applications:
- 1974 E20 2002 turboBMW New ClassThe BMW New Class was a line of compact sedans and coupes produced by German automaker BMW starting with the 1962 1500 and continuing through the last 2002s in 1977....
M41
The 1.6 L (1573 cc/95 in3) M41 produced 90 hp (67 kW) and 123 ft·lbf (167 N·m).Applications:
- 1975 E21BMW E21BMW E21 is the body designation for the first BMW 3 Series compact executive car, produced by the German automaker BMW from 1975 to 1983. This series was the immediate successor to the BMW 2002 and was superseded by the BMW E30 platform....
316
M64
The 2.0 L (1990 cc/121 in3) M64 produced 125 hp (93 kW) and 172 ft·lbf (233 N·m).Applications:
- 1975 E21BMW E21BMW E21 is the body designation for the first BMW 3 Series compact executive car, produced by the German automaker BMW from 1975 to 1983. This series was the immediate successor to the BMW 2002 and was superseded by the BMW E30 platform....
320i - 1975 E12BMW E12The BMW E12 BMW 5-Series was made between 1972 and 1981. The E12 was the first series to bear the 5 Series name: the '5' denoting BMW's fifth 'New Class' platform. Designed as a replacement for the popular BMW New Class mid-size sedan, the E12 5-Series models were smaller than the large BMW E3...
520i
M43/1
The 2.0 L (1990 cc/121 in3) M43/1 produced 109 hp (81 kW) and 157 ft·lbf (213 N·m).Applications:
- 1975 E21BMW E21BMW E21 is the body designation for the first BMW 3 Series compact executive car, produced by the German automaker BMW from 1975 to 1983. This series was the immediate successor to the BMW 2002 and was superseded by the BMW E30 platform....
320
M10
The 1.8 L (1766 cc/107 in3) M10 produced 98 hp (73 kW) and 142 ft·lbf (193 N·m).Applications:
- 1975 E21BMW E21BMW E21 is the body designation for the first BMW 3 Series compact executive car, produced by the German automaker BMW from 1975 to 1983. This series was the immediate successor to the BMW 2002 and was superseded by the BMW E30 platform....
318 - 1976 E12BMW E12The BMW E12 BMW 5-Series was made between 1972 and 1981. The E12 was the first series to bear the 5 Series name: the '5' denoting BMW's fifth 'New Class' platform. Designed as a replacement for the popular BMW New Class mid-size sedan, the E12 5-Series models were smaller than the large BMW E3...
518
M98
The 1.6 L (1573 cc/95 in3) M98 produced 75 hp (56 kW) and 110 ft·lbf (149 N·m).Applications:
- 1981 E21BMW E21BMW E21 is the body designation for the first BMW 3 Series compact executive car, produced by the German automaker BMW from 1975 to 1983. This series was the immediate successor to the BMW 2002 and was superseded by the BMW E30 platform....
316
M10B18
L-Jetronic Fuel InjectionDisplacement 107.8 CI 1766 cc
101 hp (75 kW) @5800 rpm
103 ft/lb (140Nm)@4500 rpm
Compression: 9.0:1
Stroke 2.79in / 71 mm
Bore 3.50in / 89 mm
Firing order 1-3-4-2
Applications:
- 1980 E12BMW E12The BMW E12 BMW 5-Series was made between 1972 and 1981. The E12 was the first series to bear the 5 Series name: the '5' denoting BMW's fifth 'New Class' platform. Designed as a replacement for the popular BMW New Class mid-size sedan, the E12 5-Series models were smaller than the large BMW E3...
518 - 1980 E21BMW E21BMW E21 is the body designation for the first BMW 3 Series compact executive car, produced by the German automaker BMW from 1975 to 1983. This series was the immediate successor to the BMW 2002 and was superseded by the BMW E30 platform....
316 - 1980 E28BMW E28The BMW E28 BMW 5-Series was made between 1981 and 1988. It replaced the BMW E12 in 1981 and was replaced by the BMW E34 in 1989.E28 Production started in July 1981 and ended in December 1987...
518 - 1981 E12/8 518i (South Africa Only)
- 1980 E21BMW E21BMW E21 is the body designation for the first BMW 3 Series compact executive car, produced by the German automaker BMW from 1975 to 1983. This series was the immediate successor to the BMW 2002 and was superseded by the BMW E30 platform....
318i - 1983 E30BMW E30The BMW E30 was a compact executive car produced by BMW. It was replaced by the BMW E36 in 1990. BMW continued to produce the cabriolet E30 well into 1993. The Touring remained in production until 1994 when the E36 touring replaced it...
318i - 1980 E28BMW E28The BMW E28 BMW 5-Series was made between 1981 and 1988. It replaced the BMW E12 in 1981 and was replaced by the BMW E34 in 1989.E28 Production started in July 1981 and ended in December 1987...
518i - 1983 E30BMW E30The BMW E30 was a compact executive car produced by BMW. It was replaced by the BMW E36 in 1990. BMW continued to produce the cabriolet E30 well into 1993. The Touring remained in production until 1994 when the E36 touring replaced it...
316 - 1983 E28BMW E28The BMW E28 BMW 5-Series was made between 1981 and 1988. It replaced the BMW E12 in 1981 and was replaced by the BMW E34 in 1989.E28 Production started in July 1981 and ended in December 1987...
518 - 1987/1988 E30BMW E30The BMW E30 was a compact executive car produced by BMW. It was replaced by the BMW E36 in 1990. BMW continued to produce the cabriolet E30 well into 1993. The Touring remained in production until 1994 when the E36 touring replaced it...
316i
| Engine | Displacement | Power | Torque | Redline | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M10B18 | 1.8 L (1766 cc/107 in3) | 77 kW (103 hp) @ 5800 | 145 N·m (106 ft·lbf) @ 4500 | 1980 | |
| M10B18 | 1.8 L (1766 cc/107 in3) | 75 kW (100 hp) @ 5800 | 140 N·m (103 ft·lbf) @ 4500 | 1985 | |
| M10B18V | 1.8 L (1766 cc/107 in3) | 66 kW (88 hp) @ 5500 | 140 N·m (103 ft·lbf) @ 4000 | 1981 |
M10B18 had a 89 mm bore and 71 mm stroke. Also, in E30 as 318i, very unusual for that time, it could stretch the 2nd gear all the way to 100 km/h.